上海市英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类（II ）卷

上海市英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类（II ）卷一、 阅读理解 (共10题；共82分)1. （8分）阅读理解In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist .So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerres way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was improved .Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard. Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people .The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike.Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world .They showed feelings like other kinds of art.（1）The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of _ A . his businessB . his houseC . his gardenD . his window（2）The Daguerreotype was_. A . a FrenchmanB . a kind of pictureC . a kind of cameraD . a photographer（3）If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to_. A . watch lots of filmsB . buy an expensive cameraC . stop in most citiesD . take many films and something else.（4）This passage tells us_. A . how photography was developedB . how to show feelings in picturesC . how to take pictures in the worldD . how to use different cameras2. （8分）阅读理解 China successfully launched its new heavy-lift carrier rocket(重型运载火箭)Long March V at 8：43 p.m. Beijing time, on Nov.3, 2016.It is the second launch from the Wenchang Launch Centre.The rocket, which looked much fatter than other Long March rockets, was launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Centre in south Chinas Hainan Province. About 30 minutes later, it was successfully sent into an orbit(轨道)about 2, 000 km above the Earth.The major purposes of the task are to check the design and performance of the new rocket and test the rockets flight program. The successful launch has made China from a major player in space to a major power in space. The successful launch shows that China has become a real space power in the world.The Long March V is a large, two-stage(二级的)rocket and one of Chinas largest carrier rockets. Its carrying capacity is about 2.5 times that of the present Long March rockets, which is up to 25 tons.The rocket is about 57 metres long. It has eight liquid oxygen rocket engines in four boosters(助推器), two liquid oxygen engines in the-first stage and two small liquid oxygen engines in the second stage.The new rocket is of great meaning as Chinas space program. With the heavy-lift carrier rocket, China can send more astronauts to the space station and get prepared for exploring the Moon and Mars.（1）The rocket was launched from . A . the Jiuquan Launch CentreB . the Wenchang Launch CentreC . the Taiyuan Launch CentreD . the Xichang Launch Centre（2）China launched the rocket in order to . A . check the design and performance of the new rocketB . repair the rockets flight programC . become a real space power in the worldD . explore the Moon and Mars（3）The underlined word capacity in the fourth paragraph probably means in Chinese. A . 人数B . 时间C . 长度D . 能力（4）Where does the passage probably come from? A . A travel magazine.B . A science book.C . A news report.D . A picture book.3. （6分）阅读短文，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Its known as the City of Ice for a good reason. The famous International Ice and Snow Festival opened on Thursday in Harbin, capital of Chinas most northern Province of Heilongiang. When most of northern China closes its doors to the cold winter wind, Harbin always comes to lifeCCTV reporter Nie Jia is in Harbin, enjoying the charm (魅力) of this winter land.Nie Jia said, Welcome to Harbin, the city of ice in north China. The temperature now is -16, but its the best time of the year for Harbin because it is the suitable weather to build a world of ice and snow. For me, I really cant wait to see what the festival has to offer. So follow me.A Harbin resident (居民) said, I feel very excited. Because ice and snow are important parts of our culture. They make our city more beautiful and through the festival people can feel the enthusiasm (热情) of the local people.A tourist said, My friend is from Guangxi. And Im from Hebei. We have been looking forward to the ice and snow festival for a long time and we really enjoy the blue sky and white snow here.（1）When and where did International Ice and Snow Festival open? A . On Tuesday in Harbin.B . On Thursday in Harbin.C . On Tuesday in Hebei.D . On Thursday in Hebei.（2）Which season is the best time of the year for Harbin? A . WinterB . SummerC . AutumnD . Spring4. （8分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案.Interesting festivals in the worldThrowing tomatoesSpain（西班牙） Spain takes tomatoes fights to a whole new level. But the tomatoes are being thrown, not eaten. The festival takes place during the last Wednesday in August. Trucks（卡车）carry tomatoes into the square. People rush to the tomatoes and throw them into the crowd.Rolling cheeseEngland This festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May. It takes place on Coopers Hill. A large wheel of cheese（奶酪）is rolled down Coopers Hill. The festival is actually a race where people run down the hill after the rolling cheese. The first person to cross the finish line at the bottom of the hill wins the cheese.Burning manThe United States The Burning Man Festival lasts a week, it is from the Monday before labor Day to Labor Day（which falls on the first Monday in September in America）. The festival takes place in the Black Rock Desert. The best part of the festival is the burning of a large sculpture of a man.Pouring waterThailand The Songkran Festival is the celebration of the New Year in Thailand. Rather than a single day. Thailand celebrates the New Year from April 13th to April 15th. Thai people run after each other pouring water. Songkran is one of the most important reasons why foreigners travel to the beautiful land.（1）How many festivals are mentioned in the passage?A . OneB . TwoC . ThreeD . Four（2）Where will you probably go to enjoy one of the festivals above in May?A . SpainB . EnglandC . The United States.D . Thailand.（3）Which festival is held in Black Rock Desert?A . Throwing tomatoes.B . Rolling cheese.C . Burning man.D . Pouring water.（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A . The tomatoes are thrown into crowd to eat.B . Not all the festivals above fall on the single day.C . Burning a large real man is the best part of the festival.D . Songkran is the only reason for attracting lots of tourists.（5）The passage is most probably taken from .A . a tour guideB . a science reportC . a story bookD . a fashion magazine.5. （10分）根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。Many people travel to different places in the world by air. Usually it takes a long time, perhaps half a day, for passengers to stay in the plan. So airlines（航空公司）offer passengers food. But it is common that they feel bad about food taste. Do you agree?To solve this problem, airlines try hard to improve their food. They would like to do so because they dont want to lose customers.However, according to scientific research, part of the reason why plane food tastes bad is that at high altitude（海拔）we can not taste things as well as we do on the ground. Also scientists have found that our noses become very dry even before a plane takes off. As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure（气压）reduces one third of the sensibility（感觉）of our taste buds（味蕾）. So our taste buds become senseless. The sad face, however, is that our noses dont know it.All of these help explain why food on the plane tastes so bad. They also help explain why airlines choose to offer passengers salty and spicy（辛辣的）food. Without doing so, the food would be tasteless.Now there are many researches on this. According to one of them, some volunteers are asked to lie with their feet higher than their heads for weeks. And scientists write down their feelings about food taste.Though scientists try their best, it is not as easy as they thought. Because they cant deal with the special environment successfully, such as the change in air pressure, making food taste good is still hard for them.（1）In Paragraph 2, “this problem” means _. A . passengers stay long in the planeB . food on the plane tastes badC . passengers have no food to eatD . food on the plane is expensive（2）What do airlines do to solve this problem? A . Get more customers.B . Offer more food.C . Improve their food.D . Reduce the ticket price.（3）As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure reduces of the sensibility of our taste buds. A . halfB . one thirdC . one fourthD . one fifth（4）Why do scientists feel it hard to made food on the plane taste good? A . The volunteers dont know about food taste.B . The volunteers dont understand them.C . They cant find enough volunteers.D . They cant deal with the special environment successfully.（5）What is the best title of the passage? A . Taste of Airplane FoodB . Airplane TravelC . Scientific Research on NosesD . The Change in Air Pressure6. （8分） Everyone has worries. How do you deal with your worries? There is always something you can do to help yourself feel less worried. Sitting there worrying is no fun and it wont solve your problems.Grades at school are often a top worry for kids. ff you worry most about grades, ask yourself these questions: Why are grades important? What do grades mean to me? How do I get ready for class? Do I go over my notes even when there isnt a test? Do I have a good place to do my homework? Have I tried different ways of studying?If your worry is about a fight you had with your friend, you might write down al! the things you could do-write a note to him or her, invite him or her to watch a basketball game, say sorry to him or her and so on. Once you have a list of things you could do, you can choose one thing that could get your friend back.You can ask for help when youre worried. You can find someone to talk to, such as your parents, friends, and teachers.（1）What do kids often worry most about?A . Their hobbies.B . Their homework.C . Their marks at school.D . A fight with their friends.（2）According to the passage, when youre worried, youd better _.A . work hardB . talk to someoneC . get ready for classD . write down your worries（3）If youre worried about grades, DONT ask yourself _.A . Why are grades important?B . What do grades mean to me?C . How do I get ready for class?D . Why not give up my studies?（4）If you had a fight with a friend, you could _.A . invite him or her to watch a gameB . put the blame on him or herC . try to make new friendsD . leave him or her alone（5）What does the passage mainly tell us?A . Who is often worried.B . When people are worried.C . How to deal with worries.D . What kinds of worries people have.7. （8分）根据短文理解，选择正确答案。Abbreviations(缩写) are now widely used in our daily lives. Here are some of them. Are you familiar with them?R.S.V.P. stands for a French phrase, “rpondez, sil vous plat,” which means “please reply.” If R.S.V.P. is written on an invitation, it means the invited guest must tell the host(主人) whether or not they plan to attend the party as soon as possible. Because the hosts who are planning a dinner party or a wedding need to know how many people to count on and how much food and drink to buy. More important, though, it is polite to reply someone who was nice enough to invite you, even if it is to say that you are sorry that you will not be able to attend.B.Y.O.B. has been used first in the early 1970s to mean “bring your own bottle (of wine)”, although in present-day it is just as likely to mean “bring your own booze” or “bring your own beer”. It was used by small restaurants that was not allowed to sell wine. But now B.Y.O.B. is often placed on an invitation to tell the guests that the host will not be providing wine and that guests are welcome to bring their own.R.I.P stands for “rest in peace” in English, The phrase was not found before the 8th century. It became ubiquitous(普遍现象) on the tombs of Christians in the 18th century, Now, it is always written on tombstones to express the wish of forever rest and peace to someone who has died.P.K. means “Player Killing” originally. The word P.K. is now also used in China and Taiwan as a verb(动词). In fact, there may actually be no player killing. It is most used in 1v1 situations like 1v1 basketball, 1v1 chess, 1v1 footrace and so on. P.K. can also be used in situations where one team is against another in a 1 team vs 1 team competition like in the NBA, soccer, baseball and so on.（1）If you receive a party invitation with R.S.V.P., you _.A . have to go to the partyB . should reply as soon as possibleC . have to buy some foodD . should make plans for the party（2）R.I.P. is used to someone who _.A . holds a partyB . likes drinking beerC . has been deadD . joins in a game（3）_ will be used when there is a competition between two teams.A . R.S.V.P .B . B.Y.O.B .C . R.I.PD . P.K .（4）The writer wants to introduce some foreign _to us by writing this passage.A . culturesB . historiesC . scienceD . stories8. （8分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容选择最佳选项。 Are you interested in pandas? Below are the top places to see them in China.Dujiangyan Panda BaseLocation: Dujiangyan Prefecture, 65 km from ChengduPandas: about 30Activities: spending time with pandas as a panda keeperBest for: those who want a less-crowded panda volunteer programmeTime needed: 1 dayChengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingLocation: The outskirts (市郊) of Chengdu, 40 minutes by carPandas: about 150Activities: watching pandas and panda breeding (繁殖) moviesBest for: people who dont have much time, and are only interested in watching or holding pandasTime needed: half a dayWolong Panda Research CenterLocation: about 105 km northwest of ChengduPandas: about 30 (but only 26 can be visited)Activities: watching pandas, taking care of pandas, taking photos with a pandaBest for: people who want to take part in the volunteer programme (taking care of pandas)Time needed: 2 daysBeijing ZooLocation: BeijingPandas: about 15Activities: watching pandas onlyBest for: travellers who cant make it to ChengduTime needed: 2 hoursOcean Park Hong KongLocation: Hong KongThere are three giant pandas in Ocean Park: An An, Le Le and Ying Ying. Le Le and Ying Ying are presents from Chinas central government to celebrate the tenth anniversary (周年纪念) of Hong Kongs return to the motherland in 2007.（1）How many pandas are there in Wolong Panda Research Center? A . About 10.B . About 20.C . About 30.D . About 150.（2）How long does it take to visit pandas in Beijing Zoo? A . One hour.B . Two hours.C . Half a day.D . One day.（3）When did Le Le and Ying Ying arrive in Hong Kong? A . 3 years ago.B . 7 years ago.C . 9 years ago.D . 11 years ago.（4）Which two places provide the panda volunteer programme? A . Dujiangyan Panda Base and Beijing Zoo.B . Dujiangyan Panda Base and Wolong Panda Research Center.C . Beijing Zoo and Ocean Park Hong Kong.D . Wolong Panda Research Center and Beijing Zoo.（5）Which place has the most pandas? A . Beijing Zoo.B . Dujiangyan Panda Base.C . Wolong Panda Research Center.D . Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.9. （10分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 As space science develops, man has learnt more and more about space. Space is not only amazing but also dangerous. While working in space, spacemen are facing danger as well as success.Scientists have found out that the radiation is the greatest danger to spacemen in space. When spacemen are working in space, they are in danger of the radiation from the Sun and other stars, which is bad for their health.Space rubbish is also a great danger to spacemen. Its reported that there were 9,000 man-made things flying in space. About 30% of these are satellites, 10% are spaceships, and the rest space rubbish. A small piece of these can knock a spaceship window and cause some damage.Scientists are watching and reporting any possible danger all the time. They are working to deal with space rubbish. Although space is really dangerous, it interests many people on Earth. In the near future, it may become possible for people to spend a few days in a space hotel. We may even choose to leave the Earth and live in space in a few years. So we should do something to help improve the space environment.（1）The underlined word radiation in Paragraph 2 means _. A . 辐射B . 失重C . 压力D . 缺氧（2）The radiation from the Sun and other stars is _ to spaceman. A . goodB . badC . fourD . five（3）The passage talks about _ kinds of danger in space. A . twoB . threeC . fourD . five（4）Which of the following is TURE according to the passage? A . Scientists have found out ways to solve any problem in space.B . It is sure that we can have a travel to space in ten years.C . A small piece of space rubbish can be a great danger.D . Space is really dangerous, so it doesnt interest anyone on Earth.10. （8分）阅读理解 Have you ever thought about your body changes? Up to about the age of eight or nine, girls and boys look quite alike. They have similar shaped bodies and their voices sound almost the same. As they grow, all their organs(器官) grow, too.At the same time after the age of ten, often at eleven or twelve, boys and girls bodies start changing. This time of change is called puberty(青春期), The changes mean their bodies are getting ready so that theyll be able to have children when theyre older.The changes dont happen to everyone at the same time. Each person has his or her own bodychanging timetable. By the time theyre eighteen, they should be complete. Girls start changing some years sooner than boys. Until theyre fifteen or so, they grow faster than boys of the same age. As years go by, boys can catch up and grow taller and stronger. Girls grow taller and heavier as well. Their faces and breasts become fuller. As well as all the changes you can see happening, other important changes ones you cant see are happening inside your body at the same time.（1）Where can you read this passage? A . In a history book.B . In a music book.C . In a biology book.D . In a geography book.（2）In the passage, catch up means . A . 抓住B . 成长C . 向上D . 赶上（3）Which is TRUE according to the passage? A . We cannot see the changes inside the bodies.B . Boys start changing some years earlier than girls.C . Childrens bodies change at the age of eight or nine.