高一英语外研版必修3Module4语言点辅导.doc

高一英语外研版 必修3 Module4语言点辅导MODULE 4 Sandstorms in AsiaSandstorms have been a majordisaster for many Asian countries for centuries.几世纪以来，沙尘暴一直是亚洲许多国家的主要灾难。Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign科学家曾尝试多种方法来解决这个问题，在中国，为了帮助解决这个major adj.“主要的”。major还可做动词，major in表示“专修”。compain n.“战役；活动”。注意区别：war“战争”；campaign“战役”；fight“战斗”。a mass campaign“大规模的活动”。has been started to help solve it.问题一个大规模的活动已经开始。Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that沙尘暴是携带沙粒的强大而干燥的风，它们经常是那么浓，you cannot see the sun, and the wind is so metimes strong enough to move sand dunes你看不到太阳，有时风大到足够能移动沙丘。. The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia,世界上四个主要的沙尘暴多发区是中亚、North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described北美、中非和澳洲。来自内蒙古的任建波描述了a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert.“To have been caught儿时在沙漠上经历的一次可怕的沙尘暴。“遇到沙尘暴in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,”he said. “There was nothing to be done是件可怕的事情，”他说。“你一点办法也没有，. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation Ive ever been in那是我曾遇到过的最可怕、最危险的情况。. You just had to hope youd survive. I thought I was going to disappear under你只希望能活着，我原以为我会消失在沙丘下。”the sand.（1）sothat引导结果状语从句。常用的结构为：so+adj.(adv.)that；so+many(much,few,little)+n+that；so+adj.+a(an)+n.+that。（2）enough adv.修饰形容词或副词是要放在它所修饰的词后面。（3）dune n.“沙丘”。（1）he experienced 是定语从句，修饰a terrible sandstorm，省略了关系代词that。（2）as a child是介词短语，相当于when he was a child。To have been caught in a sandstorm是不定式的完成时的被动式，在句中做主语。to be done是不定式的被动式，在句中作定语修饰nothing。Ive never been in是定语从句，修饰situation。由于句末有介词in，所以省略了关系代词。该定语从句可改为in which或where来引导。survive vi.“生存”，表示经过危险或困难的情况能活下来。（1）I thought “我原以为”,表示与过去想的相反的情况。（2）disappear“消失”，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。”Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin中国的大西北是中亚沙尘暴的中心，沙尘暴在沙漠地区开始。in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a由于“荒漠化”越发严重，近几年中国的result of “desertification”. This is a process that happens when land becomes沙尘暴好像有增加的趋势。由于气候变化和人们滥伐树木、破坏植被，desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.当土地变成沙漠时沙尘暴就发生了。Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and 有时，沙尘暴会影响到北京。居民早上醒来时，strong winds that cover the city in thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes看到昏黄的天空，狂风夹杂着黄沙在城里肆虐。continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it沙尘暴有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。difficult to see.The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before 中央气象台能在沙尘暴袭击北京前几周预报它，（1）to have appeared是不定式的完成时，表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。（2）as a result of“由于”。（3）desertification n.“土地沙漠化”。该句是个较为复杂的句子，它包含一个定语从句（that happens），一个时间状语从句（when land becomes）和一个原因状语从句（because people cut down）。affect vt.“影响”，相当于have effects on。wake up“醒来”。make it difficult to see是make+it+adj.+to do结构，it是形式宾语，代替后面的动词不定式短语。The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. （2005 全国卷II）主席认为邀请史密斯教授在会上讲话是有必要的。 it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people 但是沙尘暴的力量有时令人惊奇。. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go 沙尘暴到达城市时，气象专家建议人们不要外出。out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, “To be cycling in a sandstorm is住在北京的黄晓梅说：“在沙尘暴中骑车真可怕，frightening. The winds are very strong. Its difficult to breathe and the dust makes风太大了，我呼吸都困难，而且尘土让我恶心。me ill. So if you want to go out, youd better wear a mask.”所以，如果你想外出，最好戴着口罩。”The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming沙漠离北京西部仅仅250公里。nearer, the government is planting trees. Already the government has planted more为了防止沙漠逼近，政府已开始植树。than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.政府已经植了30多亿棵树，并计划在今后的五年里继续植树。（1）forecast vt.“预报”。（2）strength n.“力量”，是由形容词strong变来的名词。（3）surprise在句中是及物动词，表示“使惊奇”。to be cycling是不定式的进行时，表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作，在句中做主语。（1）had better“最好”，后接不带to的动词不定式，否定式not要加在do的前面。（2）mask n.“口罩”。prevent sb. doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，doing前省略了from。该意思还可用 stopkeep sb. from doing来表示，但在stopkeep短语中from不能省略。（1）plan to do“计划做某事”，to do做宾语。（2）continue to do=continue doing“继续做某事”。The Green Movement绿色运动Some countries are better than others at looking after the environm. In一些国家在保护环境方面比另一些国家做得好，在Europe, Germany and the northern European countries work very hard to improve the欧洲，德国和北欧的一些国家努力改善环境。entare better at是be good at的比较级形式。environment. People in countries such as Germany put their garbage into different在德国这样的国家里，人们把垃圾放入不同的bagspaper in one bag, plastic in anotherbag, etc. The garbage is then taken away袋子里纸放在一个袋子里，塑料放在另一个里等等。and, if possible, recycled. CFCs (chloroflurocarbons), chemicals which are found然后垃圾被运走，如果有可能的话可以再利用。氟里昂在冰箱和液化气管in refrigerators and aerosol cans, are not allowed. There are laws that do not allow里发现的这种化学物品是禁止的，people to burn too much coal .并制定了法律禁止人们大量烧煤。In the 1970s, as people learnt more about environmental problems, the “Green” 二十世纪七十年代，随着人们对环境问题的更多了解，movement began and soon spread all over Europe.The “Green” movement tries to get“绿色”运动开始并很快遍及整个欧洲。“绿色”运动尽力使政府governments to think seriously about the environment and how to look after it. It考虑到环境问题的严重性及如何保护它。collectsinformation about how industry is damaging the environment and gives this它收集了许多有关工业如何破坏环境的信息，并把这些信息another“另一个”，表示三个或三个以上人和事物中的“另一个”；the other表示两个人或事物中的“另一个”。if possible是if it is possible的省略形式，类似的还有if necessary等。 allow vt.“允许”，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式，也可用allow sb. to do sth.结构。（1）spread vi.“传播；扩展”，不能用于被动语态。例如：With the rapid growth of population, the city in all directions in the last five years.(2003 春招卷)（2）all over“遍及”，all over the world “全世界”.get sb. to do sth.“使某人做某事”，to do做宾语补足语。collect vt.“收集”。collect更强调计划性与选择性，表示精心地、有选择地收集。比如：collect stamps“集邮；gather”表示把分散的东西集中在一起，不仅可用来指人和物，还可用于抽象的东西，如力量、印象等。