资源描述
中考英语专项讲解+习题+答案：形容词副词的比较级和最高级一、形容词的比较等级和最高等级：（一）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则变化： 1单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e 结尾的词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y” 结尾的词变y为i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如： 原级 比较级 最高级 useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious【重点】3有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新旧或年龄）/elder（兄弟姐妹的长幼关系）oldest/ eldestfarfarther（表示距离，译为“更远”）/ further（表示程度，译为“进一步的”）farthest/ furthest（二） 形容词比较级的用法 1形容词的比较级可以单独使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 Which book is better? 哪本书更好？ 2也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：a.名词或代词： He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。b.动名词：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c.从句： I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。（三）形容词比较级的修饰语 修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, any等.1) 只用于修饰比较级的： much;still;even2) 既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的：a little; a bit; rather 等 。3) 在这些词中,其中no在修饰比较级时,在意义上否定两者,表示前者在某方面不比后者强多少. He is no richer than Peter. 他不比彼得富裕多少.=He is as poor as Peter. 他和彼得一样穷.表示前者比后者强一点时,通常采用a little,a bit等. The room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个稍大一点.4) 表示前者比后者强很多时,通常采用much,even,still等.(still修饰形容词,副词的比较级时,可以位于比较级之前或之后.) He works still harder than ever. =He works harder still than ever.他比以往更加努力学习了.5) 表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时,通常采用far,by far,a lot,a great deal等. Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情况远远比以往好.6) 在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰. He cant jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了. Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些吗? Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？ If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你.7) 比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词： My sister is ten years younger than me.我妹妹比我小十岁。典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C. much D. more much答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time答案：D。4）Your house is _ bigger than ours.A. Two timeB. Second time C. Two times D.Second times答案：D。【难点】（四）形容词比较级的特殊用法1和more有关的词组 ：1) the morethe more越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，进步越大。2) no more than 与一样。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。3） more than超过，不只是。例如： There are more than two thousand people in the hall. 2和less有关的词组 1) less than 不到 不太： It was ready in less than a week. 2) no less than 多达 不少于 No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了2百万人。 3) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。 3还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1) A be as.as B和.一样 2) A be not so/asas B。A和B不一样，A比不上B He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 3) 当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/； This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。as + manymuch +可数名词/不可数名词。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。 3) 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. =This room is two time big as that one. =This room is two times bigger than that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。（五） 形容词最高级用法1the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，例如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。说明 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。例如：It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意：序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者： =Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（六）形容词最高级的特殊用法 1. 形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the 可以省略。 例句：I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。2.形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语，如 at best, at least, at most等。例句：Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。【基础练习】( C ) 1 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( C ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( C )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( A)4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( B ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( D ) 6 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( C ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( D ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( C ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall ( B ) 10 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( D )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ( C)13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( C )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ( C) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich二、副词的比较等级和最高等级：（一） 概念：副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est; 多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early除外），前面加more或most.。不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。1）规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 soon loud fast wide early happily carefully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距离）further（程度）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（二）副词的比较级的用法1、单独使用： Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。 Hell come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。 Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。2、和than一起使用： He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。 Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？ He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平时早。3、比较级前可有状语修饰：You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快点来吗？4. asas和not soas结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一样”，后面的副词要用原级： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一样快。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我应做的那么好。3）这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语： She can read twice as fast as he does. 她阅读的速度比他快一倍。（三）副词最高级的用法：副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the:He laughs best who laughs last. (谚语) 谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱的最差。（四）副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法：副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。1）more and more 越来越: It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。 She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。2）the morethe more 越，越： The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。3）had better (not) do sth最好(不要)做某事：Wed better not disturb him. 我们最好不要打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办？
展开阅读全文