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形容词和副词【考情分析】形容词与副词是高考语法的重要内容，也是高考考查的热点。关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时；表语形容词作定语时；修饰复合不定代词时。3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词4. 考查副词在句中的位置规律副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。5. 考查ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。6. 考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异 即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。7. 考查形容词和副词的比较等级。8. 考查比较等级的修饰语。【知识归纳】一、形容词副词的基本用法:1形容词的位置(1)当名词中心词带有多个形容词作前置修饰语时，这些形容词可以大体按下列词序排列：1)限定词2)一般描述性形容词3)表示大小、长短、高低的形容词4)表示形状的形容词5)表示年龄、新旧的形容词6)表示颜色的形容词7)表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词8)表示物质、材料的形容词9)表示用途、类别的形容词10)名词中心词。如：It is a charming small round old brown French oak writing desk.这是一张漂亮的古式棕色法国橡木小圆写字台。Yesterday my uncle bought a beautiful large green Chinese carpet.昨天我叔叔买了一张漂亮的中国大型绿色地毯。Four brilliant young American engineers live here.有四个杰出的美国年轻工程师住在这儿。但在实际应用中，一个名词词组既不可能带有这么多前置修饰语,也不可能都如此刻板地排列。(2)形容词一般放在被修饰的名词前面作定语，但考生特别要注意形容词放在被修饰词后面的情况： 这些形容词，如：alive，afraid，awake，alone，asleep，worth等作定语时，常放于被修饰词的后面。The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.仍在睡着的那婴儿可能很快会醒的。形容词在修饰somebody，something，anybody，anything，nobody，nothing等不定代词时，需要置于其后。如：Is there anything wrong，Bob？You look sad.“鲍勃，有什么不对吗？你看上去闷闷不乐的。”Oh，nothing much.In fact，I was just thinking of my friends.“噢，没什么，其实我在想念我的朋友。”形容词后面有介词短语时，必须放在名词后面。He is a student worthy of praise.他是个值得赞扬的学生。 形容词后面有动词不定式时，必须放在名词后面。Isnt it a problem difficult to solve?这难道不是一个很难解决的问题吗？2形容词作状语 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。 如：After a long journey，the three of them got back home，hungry and tired. 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。 He lay in bed，wide awake.他躺在床上醒着。 3副词的位置 副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough要放在被修饰词的后面。 Although she did not know Boston well，she made her way easily enough to the post office. 虽然她对波士顿不熟，但她仍然很轻松地到了邮局。4.can not/never 与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不过分；越越好” I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down. “我在街上正独自骑行，突然一辆轿车切进来把我撞倒了。 ”You can never be too careful in the street. “在大街上你再小心也不为过。”5副词的排列顺序(1)时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。(2)方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.请慢慢地、清晰地写字。(3)多个不同副词排列：程度地点方式时间副词。I dont know him well enough.我不太熟悉他。There is enough food for everyone to eat. 有足够的食物供每个人吃。There is food enough for everyone to eat.【专家提醒】副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。6兼有两种形式的副词(1)close与closely: close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地”。(2)late与lately: late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”。(3)deep与deeply: deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。(4)high与highly: high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。(5)wide与widely: wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”。(6)free与freely: free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”考点二：形容词、副词的比较等级解答比较等级这类题目时考生一定要善于判断比较的对象或范围：如果没有比较的对象或范围就用原级；如果是两者或两方面之间的比较就用比较级；如果是三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较那就用最高级。1 比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构 :The 比较级 句子， the 比较级 句子和 比较级 and 比较级。前一个句型结构表示的意义是“越(怎么样就)越(怎么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”不要求词性一定相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定；后一个句型结构表示的意义是“越来越(怎么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”则要求词性相同。如：The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。The more we have, the more we want.人欲无穷。When winter is coming , it gets colder and colder.冬天来临之际，天越来越冷了。He became less and less satisfied with the football teams performance. 他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。2比较级与否定词连用可表示最高级之意。如：I have never seen a better film than the one I saw last night.我从来没有看过比昨天晚上那部更好的电影。Shall we have a short rest?“我们可不可以休息一会儿？”I cant agree any more.“非常同意。”3as形容词或副词原级as像一样在否定句或疑问句中可用so asHe cannot run so/as fast as you.他跑得不如你快。【专家提醒】当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as 形容词 a(an) 单数名词； as many/much 名词This is as good an example as the other is.这是一个和另一个一样好的例子。4可修饰比较级的程度副词(1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。(2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。(3)以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。5than构成的习语(1) more B than AA不如说B(2) no more than 与一样，不比多no less than与一样(3)more than，非常(4)rather than 而不是(5)other than 除外。首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：not more.than不如no more.than和一样不 (否定两者)not less.than不如不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)no less.than和一样 (肯定两者)比较以下各句的意思：You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。 You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。 三、倍数表示法 (1)倍数形容词(或副词)的比较级than。如：This rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)(2)倍数as形容词(或 much)或副词as。如：This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。(高出九倍)(3)倍数the size(length，height.)of。如：This street is four times the length of that street.这条街是那条街的四倍长。This hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)也可用：The height of this hill is four times that of that small one. 【考点例析】2013高考真题(2013全国卷I)25. Tony can hardly boil an egg, still _ cook dinner.A. less B. little C. muchD. more(2013全国卷II)9. It may not be a great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it.A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D. a best one(2013上海卷)28. Its a _ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French small B. French small charming C. small French charming D. charming small French(2013天津卷)3 .I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are meaningful things to do.A. less B. more C. the least D. the most(2013湖北卷)27. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often _ rather than based on fixed criteria.A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial(2013湖北卷)28. He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a _ contribution to help the community.A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable(2013湖北卷)29. Dont defend him any more. Its obvious that he _ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.A. accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily(2013福建卷)25.The Forbidden City attracts a _ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.A. constant B. main C. powerful D. shallow(2013福建卷)31.Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy _ priced bikes.A. competitively B. recently C. reasonably D. affordably(2013江西卷)24.What a terrible experience ! _, youre safe now thats the main thing.A. Anyway. B. Besides.C. Otherwise. D. Therefore.(2013浙江卷)2. Mary worked here as a _ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.A. pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious(2013浙江卷)6. If we leave right away, _ well arrive on time.A. hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually(2013浙江卷)18. If what your friend comes up with surprises you, dont reject it immediately. _, imagine that it is true.A. ThusB. Besides C. RatherD. Otherwise(2013辽宁卷)27. Everything seemed to be going _for the first two days after I moved to New York.A. vividlyB. generally C. frequently D. smoothly(2013辽宁卷)33. This is by far _ movie that I have ever seen.A. an inspiring B. a much inspiringC. the most inspiring D. the more inspiring2012高考真题1. Bicycling is good exercise;_, it does not pollute the air.【2012年，湖南卷】A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore1.D 本题考查副词. 根据句意:骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式,而且又不会造成大气污染. Nevertheless “尽管如此”;besides “而且”;otherwise“否则”；therefore“所以”，故正确答案为B。2. We used to see each other_, but I havent heard from him since last year.【2012年，辽宁卷】A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D. approximately2. B 本题考查副词。句意：我们原来经常见面，但从去年我就没再收到过他的信。A项“尤其；特别”；B项“定期地，经常地”；C项“特别，尤其”；D项“近似地，大约”，故正确答案为B 。3.The hotel is almost finished, but it _needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.【2012年，四川卷】A. only B. also C. even D. still3. D 本题考查副词用法。根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了，但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”故D为正确答案。 4. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.【2012北京卷】A. some B. less C. much D. more4. D。本题考查形容词比较级。根据句意即刻判断，该句应使用much 的比较级是more,故正确答案为。5.Next to biology , I like physics _.【2012全国II】A. better B. best C. the better D. very well5. B 本题考查副词的最高级。句意：除了生物，我最喜欢物理。此处best是副词的最高级，修饰动词like。故正确答案为B。6.The secretary arranged a(n)_time and space for the applicants to have an interview. 【2012天津卷】A. important B. spare C. public D. convenient6. D 本题考查形容词。句意：这位秘书安排适当的时间和地点让求职者进行面试。根据句意，D为最佳选项。7.The dog may be a good companion for the old. _, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.【2012天津卷】ABesides. B. However C. Therefore D. Instead.7.B 本题考查副词。句意：这只狗或许是这位老人的伙伴，然而（对老人来说）带它出去散步或许又成了不利因素。故正确答案为B。8. This restaurant wasnt _that other restaurant we went to. 【2012全国新课程】 A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as8. A 本题考查倍数表达法。句意：这家饭店不及我们去过另一家的一半好。在asas句型中，倍数放在第一个as的前面，故A正确。9. Be_ -you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time.【2012年山东卷】 9. A 本题考查形容词。句意：要讲道理，你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。此处confident信心；creative有创造力的；grateful感激的；reasonable有道理的。故正确答案为A。10. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be respected. 【2012福建卷】A. especially B. equally C. naturally D. normally10.B本题考查副词辨析。 句意：无论是官员还是公共汽车司机，都应该平等的被尊敬。equally“平等地，公平地”；especially“尤其地”；naturally“自然地”；normally“正常地”，只有B项符合题意。 11. Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still _.【2012福建卷】A. available B. affordableC. acceptable D. valuable11.A本题考查形容词辨析。根据前半句“我刚刚还给图书馆”和下半句中的still可知这本书或许还可得到的用available，而其它三项 affordable“支付的起的”；acceptable “可接受的”；valuable“贵重的”均与题意不符。12.Mike was usually so careful, _this time he made a small mistake. 【2012浙江卷】A. yet B. still C. even D. thus12.A 本题考查副词。句意：麦克通常很认真的，然而（yet）这次他犯了个小错误。Still仍旧；even甚至；thus因此，均不符合语境。故正确答案为A。13.The research lacks _evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. 【2012浙江卷】A. solid B. fierce C. severeD. potential13. A 本题考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意：研究缺乏实证（solid evidence），因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的；severe严重的；potential，有潜力的。故正确答案为A。14.Queen Elizabethis often to be richest woman in the world_, her personal wealth seems rather small. 【2012安徽卷】A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Altogether14.C。 本题考查副词。前面说她富有，后面说她个人财富相当少。应为转折关系“然而”；故C为正确答案。15. Interest is as_to learning as the ability to understand , even more so. 【2012安徽卷】 A. vital B. available C. specific D. Similar15. A 本题考查形容词。Be vital to 表示：对.极端重要；something be available to somebody表示某人可以得到某物；答案specific 不能与to 搭配；D 答案 similar to 表示：与.相似。本题可以把定于to understand 省掉，也可以把后面的even more so省掉或还原。依据题意，A为正确答案。【方法技巧】1.对于形容词和副词，学生首先应该掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。2.熟记这些半系动词sound，taste，smell，look，feel，seem，appear，stand，fall，remain，keep，get，grow，become，turn等后面常跟形容词作表语。3.掌握名词前多个形容词的顺序问题，一般表主观形容词，如新旧大小长短是否漂亮这些形容词在前，表客观形容词，如颜色材料质地本质形容词在后面。如an old small red paper packet 一个旧的红色的小纸包。记忆口诀“限定描绘大长高, 形状年龄和新老。 颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。”4. 熟练掌握倍数表达法。【专题训练】1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most3. The plane flew smoothly _ in the sky and people spoke _ of theexperienced pilot. A. high；high B. highly；highly C. high；highly D. highly；high4. What do you think of the concert? Oh, it was_success.A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really5. I havent seen_ this since I collected stamps.A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp a6.The task is too much for me, so I cant carry on _any longer. I must get some help.A. singly B.simply C.alone D.lonely7. Have your working conditions improved?-No, _than before, Im afraid.A. no better B.a little batter C.not worse D.no worse8. To their great relief, the missing child returned home, _, after an absence of two weeks.A. felt tired and sound B. tiring and soundly C. feeling tired but soundly D. tired but sound9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go_, you know.A. hand in hand B. step by step C. from time ti time D. one after another10. How are you getting on with your classmates?_. Ive got to know them all.A. Far better B. Much pleased C. Very comfortable D. Very good11. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language.A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially12. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as13Jim, are you _this Saturday?Oh, sorry. I need to go to the bookshop _the bank on Saturday.Aconvenient; and Bconvenient; as well as Cavailable; with Davailable; as well as14.This new kind of chemicals will help keep the air, soil and water _from pollution.A. free B. empty C. loose D. short15How is your father?Hes fine. Hes _to play tennis every Sunday.A. enough active still B. enough still active C. still active enough D. still enough active16.Which team is_to win the game?I dont know, but Ive found_for ours to win. A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly 17. He didnt understand the _question, so there was a_expression on his face.A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling18. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood_to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing19I cant give you an answer right now. Id like_more time to consider my decision.Astill Bfairly Cquite Da lot20. I spent _time doing the job, but I didnt do any better than he.Aas twice Btwice much Ctwice much as Dtwice as much【参考答案】1-5ACCBA 6-10CADAA 11-15DDDAC 16-20BAAAD
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