初高中英语常用必背词组、短语.doc

常用必背一、与时间和方式有关的短语as a rule通常in a word总之 as a result因此in a moment立刻in a hurry急匆匆地 once in a while偶尔 a moment ago一会儿前 all of a sudden突然half an hour半个小时 for a time暂时、一度 once upon a time从前 twice a week每周两次 in a loud voice大声地with a smile微笑着as a matter of fact事实上after a while一会儿后 a day or two ago一两天前after a time一段时间之后at a high speed以高速度just a minute/ moment一会儿 in a special way以特殊的方式二、与一些常用动词构成搭配get a cold感冒pay a visit拜访 take a seat坐下 get in a word插话make a living谋生 make a face做鬼脸 make a mistake犯错误make an effort努力make an apology道歉 make a speech做演讲 make it a rule形成制度give a lecture举行讲座 catch a bad cold患重感冒do a good deed做好事go out for a walk出外散步 have a good time过得愉快 keep an eye on照看、密切注视 make a promise许诺 take an interest in对感兴趣 take a message for为某人捎口信have a match/ meeting比赛/ 开会lend/ give sb. a hand给别人帮忙have a cold/ cough/fever/headache/pain感冒/咳嗽/发烧/头疼/疼痛三、表示地点、方位、时间。用于表示具体的地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一部分等。e.g.on the left在左边 to the right朝右边 in the east在东方 from the west从西方on the right在右边 in/at the end在末尾 in the afternoon在下午in the morning在早晨in the centre在中央 in the middle of在中间 in/ at the beginning在开始四、常用定冠词的地名、组织名the US美国 the UK英国 the Great Wall长城 the West Lake西湖the Yellow River黄河the UN联合国 the Summer Palace颐和园 the WTO世界贸易组织the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡 the Changjiang River长江 the Palace Museum故宫博物馆the Himalayas喜马拉雅山 the History Museum历史博物馆五、常用定冠词的习惯短语1、与时间相关的短语：all the time一直in the past在过去 in the day在白天the next day第二天the day before yesterday前天at the same time同时 in the middle of在的中间in the morning在上午 in the 1990s/ 1990s在20世纪90年代 at the age of在岁数时at the beginning/ end of在开始/ 结束时 all the year round一年到头2、与地点相关的短语：at the foot of在的脚下in the sky在天空中 in the front of在的前边 in the world在世界上 on the way to在去的路上 in/ on the street在街道上in/ on/ to the east of在的东部 at the back of在的后边on the right/ left在的右边/ 左边 in the middle of在的中间at/ in/ on the corner of在的角上 at the top/ bottom of在的项/ 底部at the beginning/ end of在的开头/ 结尾 on the ground/ playground在地上/ 在操场上3、其他固定短语：tell the truth说实话 make the bed铺床 all the same完全一样go to the cinema看电影 by the way顺便问一下 in the darkness在黑暗中break the law触犯法律in the form of以的形式 just the same完全一样listen to the radio听收音机 in the habit of有做的习惯make the best use of充分运用with the help of在的帮助下 join the army/ league参军、入团on/ over/ through the radio从收音机上 at the top of ones voice以某人最高的声音under the leadership of在的领导下 put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.使某人陷入做某事的麻烦之中4、单数名词相对应使用时。介词或连词连接的两个相同、相对或关系密切的单数名词常不用冠词。day by day天天father and son父与子 step by step逐渐地little by little渐渐地hand in hand手拉手face to face面对面地 husband and wife夫妇side by side肩并肩地day and night日日夜夜 day after day日复一日 man and woman男人和女人one by one一个接一个地 all day and all night整日整夜 heart and soul全心全意地shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地arm in arm胳膊挽着胳膊 from time to time时不时地 time and time again反复地 women and children妇女和儿童六、下列不可数名词前不用不定冠词：advice 建议 baggage 行李 change 零钱money 钱 progress 进步 traffic 交通 news 新闻 information 信息 luggage 行李ice 冰 fun 乐趣 energy 能量work 工作 luck 运气health 健康wealth 财富 music 音乐nature 大自然industry 工业 equipment 仪器 weather 天气 technology 技术 homework 家庭作业furniture 家具 七、与时间、地点、方式或状态有关的一些词组中使用零冠词。at night在晚上 at first起初at last最终 in hospital住院on time按时in time及时 at work在上班in fear恐惧地on foot步行 in surprise惊讶in fact事实上at home在家里 in thought思考中 in town在城里at school在上学in silence静静地 at noon在中午 in fight正在交战 at table正在吃饭 on fire正燃烧着at college在上大学 with pride自豪地 for example例如go to college上大学 go to bed上床睡觉 at dinner在吃饭in trouble处在麻烦中after school放学后go to school上学 at breakfast在吃早餐 in excitement兴奋地in danger在危险中with satisfaction满意地 at war处于战争状态by hand/machine手工/机器制作 with pleasure高兴地、乐意地 in ink/pen/pencil用墨水/钢笔/铅笔by bus/car/taxi/water/plane/train乘坐公共汽车/汽车/出租车/船/飞机/火车八、在一些动词短语中，习惯上运用零冠词。set fire to放火catch fire着火 lose weight减肥take part in参加take office就职watch TV看电视 take care of照顾 pay attention to注意keepin mind牢记have sports进行运动 ask for trouble找麻烦come back to life苏醒ask for advice征求建议 ask for help寻求帮助 come to/ into power掌权 catch sight of (无意中)看见 sentence sb. to death判处死刑 learn /knowby heart背诵keep in touch with与保持联系 take pride in以为豪 catch/get/take/lay/seize hold of抓住do good/harm/wrong to对有好处/害处/冤枉 have difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难/麻烦九、用法比较：at table在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁 at school上学at the school在学校by day白天 by the day按日计算 in office执政 in the office在办公室内take place发生 take the place of取代 in place of取代in the place of在的位置上in charge of掌管 in the charge of在掌管之中 in future今后，将来in the future将来go to bed上床睡觉 go to the bed朝床边走去 in front of在的前面in the front of在的前面部分 a number of大量的，很多the number of的数量have a word with与交谈 have words with与吵架 in hospital/prison住院/坐牢in the hospital/prison在医院/在监狱里 go to church/college/hospital/prison/school做礼拜/上大学/住院/坐牢/上学 go to the church/college/hospital/prison/school 到教堂去/到大学去/到医院去/到监狱去/到学校去