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Section UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Directions：Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith-orevenlookingat-astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1underground.Itsasadreality-ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings-becausetheres2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldntknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4:Pleasedontapproachme.Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6ascreepy,.Wefearwellbe7.Wefearwellbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones.Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,Wortmannsays.Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesnt12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta13.TheduohadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidntexpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed.18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.Itsthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.1.AticketBpermitCsignalDrecord2.AnothingBlittleCanotherDmuch3.AbeatenBguidedCpluggedDbrought4.AmessageBcodeCnoticeDsign5.AunderBbeyondCbehindDfrom6.AmisappliedBmismatchedCmisadjustedDmisinterpreted7.AreplacedBfiredCjudgedDdelayed8.AunreasonableBungratefulCunconventionalDunfamiliar9.AcomfortableBconfidentCanxiousDangry10.AattendBpointCtakeDturn11.AdangerousBmysteriousCviolentDboring12.AhurtBresistCbendDdecay13.AlectureBconversationCdebateDnegotiation14.ApassengersBemployeesCresearchersDtrainees15.ArevealBchooseCpredictDdesign16.AvoyageBrideCwalkDflight17.AwentthroughBdidawayCcaughtupDputup18.AinturnBinfactCinparticularDinconsequence19.AunlessBsinceCifDwhereas20.AfunnyBlogicalCsimpleDrare正确选项：1-5CDCAC6-10DCDCD11-15AABAC16-20BABBC真题解析：1.CAticket票Bpermit允许，许可Csignal信号，标志Drecord记录，记载解析：名词辨析。根据上句话含义，“我们周围的每个人似乎都打开他们的手机，甚至没有_出现的时候“。与手机相关的最合适的选项应为C信号的意思。因此C为正确选项。2.DAnothing没有什么Blittle一点Canother另外一个Dmuch许多解析：名词辨析。在这句话中becausetheres_tobegained，缺少的是gained的宾语。所以我们much代替这个宾语。因此D为正确选项。3.CAbeaten被击败的，打败的Bguided有指导的Cplugged塞紧的Dbrought带来，拿来解析：动宾搭配。C选项plugged与into搭配，译为“塞进”，符合原文语境。因此C为正确选项。4.AAmessage消息，信息Bcode密码，法则Cnotice注意Dsign符号，签名解析：动宾搭配。sendthemessages译为“传递消息”符合原文语义。因此A为正确选项。5.CAunder在下面Bbeyond超出Cbehind在后面Dfrom来自解析：动词与介词搭配。本题中，空格处所需一个介词，和前面的hide搭配。因此，hidebehind翻译成“隐藏在_的后面”，搭配最为合理。因此C为正确选项。6.DAmisapplied被误用的Bmismatched不相配的，不势均力敌的Cmisadjusted失调的Dmisinterpreted误解解析：上下文语义+词义辨析在本题中，空格处需要填一个动词的被动语态，同时要搭配后面的“ascreepy”(被_当做怪异的)。因此，结合四个单词的含义，D选项“被误解成为行为怪异的”更符合原文语义要求。因此D为正确选项。7.CAreplaced被替换的Bfired被开除的Cjudged裁定的，评判的Ddelayed延时的，拖延的解析：上下文语义+词义辨析本句中，考查我们“fear”的事情是被_.结合上下文语义以及选项含义，我们可以直接排除掉B和D,这两项与“坐地铁”无关。符合原文含义的是D，我们害怕被“评判”。因此C为正确选项。8.DAunreasonable不合理的，不切合实际的Bungrateful忘恩负义的，不领情的Cunconventional非传统的，不合惯例的Dunfamiliar不熟悉的解析：上下文语义+形容词辨析本题考查形容词的辨析。四个选项本身没有难度。做形容词这一类题要注意它修饰的成分是什么。本句是一个较简单的主系表结构，主语是“strangers”，空格处让我们填表语，修饰的是strangers,因此，根据语义，应该选择D选项“不熟悉的”，译为“陌生人本身对我们来说就是不太熟悉的”。因此D为正确选项。9.CAcomfortable舒适的，充裕的Bconfident自信的，有信心的Canxious忧虑的，Dangry生气的，愤怒的解析：上下文语义+形容词辨析本题结合前半句的含义，“陌生人本身对我们来说就是不太熟悉的”，因此，人们在和陌生人交流的时候会更_。我们要选择一个形容词来修饰与陌生人交流时候的心情，结合四个单词含义，C“忧虑的”更符合这种交流心境。因此C为正确选项。10.DAattend出席，参加Bpoint指出，朝向，瞄准Ctake拿，带Dturn翻转，旋转,转移解析：动词搭配。上句语义为“为了避免这种尴尬，我们_我们的手机”。在本句中，需要一个动词，并且能“to”搭配。A与B比较好排除，关键看C和D这两个选项.C选项“taketo”译为“开始，从事”。D选项“turnto”译为“转向”。D比C更能说明我们的这个动作。因此D为正确选项。11.AAdangerous危险的Bmysterious神秘的Cviolent猛烈的，强烈的，暴力的Dboring令人厌烦的，无聊的解析：形容词辨析。结合上文语句，“电话已经变成了我们的安全保证”，“它是我们快乐的保障并且能够保护我们，不让我们受到更_的情况。”根据上下文语义以及四个形容词含义，A选项更符合语义要求。“危险的”和前面的“保护”搭配更为合理。因此A为正确选项。12.AAhurt损害，伤害Bresist抵制，抵抗Cbend弯曲Ddecay（使）衰退，腐败解析：动词辨析。这段句首有一个非常重要的连接词“But”,表示转折关系，说明接下来所要表述的含义与上文发生了完全的改变。根据对上一段的分析，是说人们在乘坐地铁的时候，经常看手机是因为害怕和陌生人交流，那么这一段的论述方向为“但是如果我们收起手机，向上看看，其实不会_的重。”结合四个选项含义，A选项“伤害”更符合语义。因此A为正确选项。13.BAlecture演讲，讲课Bconversation谈话，会话Cdebate辩论，争论Dnegotiation谈判，协商解析：名词辨析。本题相对较简单，动词和名词的搭配，“开始一个（场）_”，结合原文语义，应该为开始谈话。因此B为正确选项。14.AApassengers旅客Bemployees雇员Cresearchers研发人员Dtrainees研修生解析：名词辨析。结合全文主旨，本文在讨论乘坐地铁是否和陌生人说话的问题。因此，A“乘客”是最符合语境的。因此A为正确选项。15.CAreveal显示，透漏Bchoose选择Cpredict预测Ddesign设计，计划解析：动词辨析。本题考查四个选项的词义辨析。结合原文语境，我们不难发现，有一个非常重要的线索点，即“howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger”我们要选择一个动词能连接后面的“would”将来时，所以，只有C选项有这个功能。因此C为正确选项。16.BAvoyage航行，旅行Bride骑，乘Cwalk步行Dflight飞行解析：名词辨析。在本句中,“_wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,”要选择一个动词与乘坐地铁有关。因此，B选项“ride乘”比较符合原文语义。17.AAwentthrough经历，检查，浏览Bdidaway（with）废除，去掉Ccaughtup赶上，追上Dputup放，存储，提供解析：介词短语搭配。本题所需短语要与后面的experience搭配，因此A选项“经历”更符合语义要求。18.BAinturn依次，轮流，反过来Binfact事实上Cinparticular尤其是Dinconsequence结果是解析：逻辑关系题。本题考查的是递进关系，即下文对上文进一步解释说明。因此B为正确选项。19.BAunless除非Bsince直到，因为Cif如果Dwhereas然而解析：逻辑关系题。本句考查的是因果关系，因此只有B选项可以表示这种逻辑关系。20.CAfunny有趣的Blogical有逻辑的Csimple简单的Drare罕见的解析：形容词辨析题。文章最后给出一个总结性的表述，即与陌生人说话可以让你感觉有连接感，考查我们“这是什么样的问题”。根据上下文语义关系选择C更符合语境。SectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys.Peopleartactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeoplescontrol.Whichisitatstressmarker.Whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge。“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdomwefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome”writesoneoftheresearchers.SarahDamaskeInfactwomensaytheyfeelbetteratwork.Shenotes.“itismennotwomen.Whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithoutbutmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth。Whatthestudydoesntmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhentheyreathomewhetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymentheendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhometheynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehometheyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofrolesandthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomenitsnotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome。Butitsnotjustagenderthing.Atworkpeopleprettymuchknowwhattheyresupposedtobedoing:workingmakingmoneydoingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola。Onthehomefronthoweverpeoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedonethereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoitoriftheyreteenagersthreatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plustheyreyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome。Soitsnotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinitetheco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate。21.AccordingtoParagraph1，mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome_AwasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxationBgeneratedmorestressthantheworkplaceCwasanidealplaceforstressmeasurementDofferedgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace22.AccordingtoDamaske，whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?AWorkingmothersBChildlesshusbandsCChildlesswivesDWorkingfathers23Theblurringofworkingwomensrolesreferstothefactthat_AtheyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewivesBtheirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingbackCthereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehindDitisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice24.Theword“moola”(Line4，Para4)mostprobablymeans_AenergyBskillsCearningsDnutrition25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat_AhomeishardlyacozierworkingenvironmentBdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cutChouseholdtasksaregenerallymoremotivatingDfamilylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded答案：Text121答案Dofferedgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace解析：细节题。精读题干，划出关键词Paragraph1，previoussurveys，home。根据题干回到原文精确定位到第1句。首句提出“最新研究表明，与大部分研究相反，人们在家比在公司的压力更大”。说明之前的研究与新研究不同，题干问previoussurveys，因此之前的研究是公司比家里的压力大。22答案Bchildlesshusbands解析：细节题。精读题干，划出关键词大写人物D，问家里谁最幸福。根据题干回文定位到第二段后半部分“Itismenreportbeinghappier”，因此男性更幸福。接下来，“butmoresofornonparents”。因此答案为没有孩子的丈夫。23答案Atheyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives解析：细节题。题干提出“theblurringofworkingwomensroles”，根据题干定位到第三段后半部分“theblurringofroles”，指代前面两句话“Forwomenwhostayhome.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome”。根据原文定位句信息，得出女性既要忙工作又要忙家务。24.答案Cearnings这是一道词义句意题，定位在第四段第二句，Atwork，peopleprettymuchknowwhattheyresupposedtobedoing:working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.在工作中，人们清楚地知道他们该做什么，工作，赚钱，为了得到收入完成他们必须要做的工作。这与划线单词相对应，employeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola和drawanincome相对应，所以moola是earnings同义。25.答案Bdivisionoflaborathomeisseldom-clear-cut这是一道因果细节题，答案定位在第五段首句，Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.然而，对于家庭，人们并不是很清楚。nosuchclarity与seldom-clear-cut相对应。Text2Foryearsstudieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducationcollegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudentsbutthenwatchingmanyofthemfailmeansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwidenratherthanclose”achievementgapbasedonsocialclassaccordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience。Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimisticasitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblemsuggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hournext-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents。Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversitiesandtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants，afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed，whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegreeTheirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap。Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation，learntherulesofthegame,andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources”theywriteAndthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdonttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsBecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudentseducationalexperience，manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshasAreducedtheirdropoutratesBnarrowedtheachievementgapCmisseditsoriginalpurposeDdepressedcollegestudents27TheauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecauseAtheproblemissolvableBtheirapproachiscostlessqtherecruitingratehasincreasedDtheirfindingappealtostudents28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudentsAstudyatprivateuniversitiesBarefromsingle-parentfamiliesqareinneedoffinancialsupportDhavefailedtheircollage29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudentsAareactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgapBcanhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudentsCmaylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojectsDareinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.WemayinferfromthelastparagraphthatAuniversitiesoftenrectthecultureofthemiddle-classBstudentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresourcesCsocialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiencesDcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionT2：26.答案Cmisseditsoriginalpurpose细节题定位在首段末句，Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudentsbutthenwatchingmanyofthemfailmeansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwidenratherthanclose”achievementgap.文中说雇佣第一代大学生然后看着他们失败，这是一种自相矛盾的事，这意味着更进一步的教育不断扩大了而不是缩小了这种差距。C选项是此句话的概括，也就是招聘第一代大学没能达到其最初的目的。27.答案Atheproblemissolvable因果细节题定位在二段首句，Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimisticasitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem.文章相当乐观因为它给出了可能解决这一问题的办法，as后就是文章乐观的原因，itoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem与A选项同意替换。28.答案Careinneedoffinancialsupport细节题定位在三段第三句Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrant,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed.withfinancialneed.与选项C同意替换29.答案Dareinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege细节题定位在四段首句后半句.first-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.第一代大学生缺少的不是潜力，而是在处理大多数大学生面对的问题时的实际的常识。butinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents与选项D同意替换30.答案Dcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion段落推断题定位在末段第三句BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudentseducationalexperience.因为美国一些学院和大学很少承认社会阶级对学生教育经历的影响，所以。这就意味着学校应该为目前的问题负部分责任，与选项D相对应。Text3Evenintraditionaloffices，“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago，saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehnShestartedspinningoffexamples。“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990，wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourneymissionpassion.Thereweregoals，therewerestrategies，therewereobjectives，butwedidnttalkaboutenergy；wedidnttalkaboutpassion。”Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented-andnotbycoincidence。“LetsnotforgetsDorts-inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica，itsstillabigdeal.Itsnotexplicitlyconscious；itstheideathatImacoach，andyouremyteam，andwereinthistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies，butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin。Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning-and，asKhuranapointsout，increaseallegiancetothefirm。“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations：Termslikevision，values，passion，andpurpose，”saidKhuranaThisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalanceThe“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontodaypromptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcanthaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandbergsLeanIn，whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehomeButifyourworkisyour“passion”youllbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit，evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbedButthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak：Everyonemakesfunofit，butmanagersloveit，companiesdependonit，andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAsNunbergsaid，“Youcangetpeopletothinkitsnonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit。”Inaworkplacethatsfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkdefineswhoyou31.AccordingtoNancyKoehnofficelanguagehasbecome_AmoreemotionalBmoreobjectiveClessenergeticDlessenergeticElessstrategic32.“team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto_AhistoricalincidentsBgenderdifferenceCsportscultureDathleticexecutives33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto_ArevivehistoricaltermsBpromotecompanyimageC
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