中考英语形容词副词讲义习题.doc

语法专项八形容词、副词考点：1. 形容词用法2. 副词用法3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法4. 易混淆的形容词和副词辨析一、形容词的定义：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。二、形容词的分类：1、性质形容词：直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词。有比较级和最高级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰。 Eg: fat glad interesting Eg: Its a very funny comedy.2、叙述形容词：主要作表语，作定语是只能做后置定语，不能作前置定语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可以用程度副词修饰。 大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。Eg: afraid alone asleep alive awake Eg: She is ill. Eg: The boy is afraid of his father. 三、形容词的用法 1、作定语：形容词作定语修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰词的前面 eg: Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） Eg: What a beautiful game !2、作表语：放在系动词的后面eg: The fish went bad. （作表语） eg: He looks happy today.3、形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,须放其后面。 eg:I have something important to tell you. eg: Is there anything interesting in the film?4、表示长、宽、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。Eg: How long is the river ? Its about two hundred metres long.5、the形容词表示一类人或物,这时，它相当于一个名词，可以做主语或宾语。表示一类人时，看作复数。 Eg: the young 年轻人 the aged 老人 the deaf 聋子 the blind 盲人 the sick 病人eg:The rich should help the poor. Eg: The old are well looked after. Eg: We all love the beautiful.6、当名词前面有表示量度的词或词组时，要放在所修饰的名词后面。Eg: London is a city about two thousand years old.= London is about a two-thousand-year-old city.Eg: Last year we built a building thirteen stories high.= Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.四、副词的定义：副词在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，用来表示时间、场所、状态及程度等。五、副词的分类：1、时间副词 ：时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。eg: He often comes to school late. eg:What are we going to do tomorrow? eg:He is never been to Beijing. 2、地点副词 ：地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。eg: I met an old friend of mine on my way home. eg:He went upstairs. eg:Put down your name here. 3、方式副词 ：方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。eg: The old man walked home slowly. eg: Please listen to the teacher carefully. eg: The birds are flying high. 4、程度副词 ：程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。eg: Her pronunciation is very good. eg: She sings quite well. eg: I can hardly agree with you. 5、疑问副词：是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。eg: How are you getting along with your studies? eg: Where were you yesterday? eg:Why did you do that? 6、频度副词：always , usually, often, never, sometimes, seldom, once六、副词的的用法 1、作状语：eg: He studies very hard. （作状语） eg: Its very nice of you . eg: First , let me ask you some questions.2、作定语：eg: Life here is full of joy. （作定语） eg: The students here are all from Tianjin.3、作表语：作表语的副词多数是表示位置的。如out, in , on, back, down eg: When will you be back? （作表语） 七、副词在句中的位置 （1）地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句子末尾。 Eg: They live here. Eg： Ill meet him at the station tomorrow. Eg： The boy runs quickly.（2）频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。 eg: Ive never heard him singing. eg: She is seldom ill. eg: He usually gets up early. （3）程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。 eg: It is a rather difficult job. eg: He runs very fast. eg: He didnt work hard enough. 八、部分常用副词的用法 1、 very, much （1）这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。 eg: She is a very nice girl eg: Im feeling much better now. （2）much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。eg: I dont like the idea much. eg: They did not talk much. 2、 too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。Eg:She can dance, and I can dance, too. eg: I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either. 3、already, yet already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句.eg: He has already left. eg: Have you heard from him yet? eg: He hasnt answered yet. 4、ago, beforeago是以现在为基准，指距今若干时间以前，ago不能单独使用，应用three days ago. before 之前有若干时间时指距过去若干时间以前，没有若干时间，单独使用时泛指以前，时间不确切，常和现在完成时连用。Eg: A few days ago, he was a pilot. Eg：He said that he had worked in Shanghai one year before.Eg: I have seen the film before. Eg：I have bought the bike before.九、构词法1、名词形容词（1）有些名词+y变为形容词 cloud 云cloudy 多云的 rain 雨rainy 多雨的 sun 太阳sunny 阳光明媚的（2）有些名词+full / less变为形容词 care 小心 careful 仔细的 careless 粗心的 hope 希望 hopeful 充满希望的 hopeless 粗心的 help 帮助 helpful 有用的 helpless 无助的2、形容词副词（1）有些形容词 + ly变为副词 helpful 有帮助的 helpfully 有帮助地 careful 小心的 carefully 小心地 slow 慢的 slowly 慢地 real 真实的 really 真正的 kind 亲切的 kindly 亲切地（2）词尾为y的形容词变副词，要先将y变成为i，然后再在词尾加ly. easy 容易的 easily 容易地 busy 忙的 busily 忙地 angry 生气的 angrily 生气地（3）有些副词加ly变成为另一个副词 Eg: His parents hit him hard. His parents hardly hit him. Eg: Lily and Meimei sit close together. Lily and Meimei are closely related.（4）有些形容词和副词同形。Eg: This king of wood is hard. (adj) eg: He studies hard.(adv) Eg: I flew high in the sky. (adv) eg: I flew past a high tower.(adj)形容词副词专项习题1、My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good2、I could_hear what you said just now.Could you please say that again?A.sometimes B.always C.hardly D.clearly3、David is the top student in our class because hes a _ boy.A. happy B. helpful C. polite D. hard-working 4、My mother often tells me “Nothing is _ if you try your best to do it.”A. impossible B. possible C. necessary D. important 5、It was said that the film “Harry Potter” was _. Many young people became _ after watching it.A. exciting, excited B. excited, exciting C. exciting, exciting D. excited, excited 6、My little brother is not _ to go to school.A. young enough B. enough young C. old enough D. enough old 7、It was _ last Sunday morning. It rained _.A. snowy, heavy B. snowy, heavily C. snowing, heavy D. snow, heavily 8、The students looked _ at their teacher when she told them the good news.A. happy B.sadly C. happily D. sad 9、Marys parents were not at home yesterday. She stayed at home _ but she didnt feel _.A. alone, alone B. lonely, lonely C. lonely, alone D. alone, lonely 10、Life in the country is often _ and people live _ there.A. peaceful, peacefully B. peaceful, peaceful C. peacefully, peacefully D. peacefully, peaceful 11、Tom,dont throw the rubbish on the floor.We should keep the classroom_.Oh,sorry,Miss Wang.A.clean B.quiet C.dirty12、A _ road goes _ from one place to another.A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight13、The story is really_.It makes all of us laugh a lot.A.correct B.boring C.humorous D.direct14、The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _.A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad15、I fell off the bike on my way to school._,I wasnt hurt.A.Luckily B.Suddenly C.Politely D.Recently16、-Im very _with my own cookingIt looks nice and smells delicious -Mm，it does have a _smellA pleasant；pleased Bpleased；pleased Cpleasant；pleasant Dpleased；pleasant17、Why are you so _， Amy?I thought I lost my purse, but I didnt.I found it in my study!A.angry B.happy C.sad D.nervous18、The flower smells _ _ and I like it very much.A.well B.good C.bad D.badly19、Jack, is there _ in todays newspaper? No, nothing.A.anything important B.something important C.important anything D.important something20、The story is _ and all of us are _ in it.A.interest; interesting B.interesting; interest C.interested; interestingD.interesting; interested21、Now,people have more free time. Square Dancing is becoming more and more_.A.comfortable B.difficult C.different D.popular22、Dear students, please read every sentence carefully.The more _ you are, the _ mistakes youll make.A.carefully; fewer B.careful; less C.careful; fewer23、.He has read many books on history, so its _ for him to answer these questions.A.hard B.impossible C.easy D.serious24、Oxford University is _ with tourists for its beautiful old buildings.A.different B.famous C.special D.popular25、While we were watching the play, I _ noticed a man with a funny look.A.usually B.suddenly C.quickly D.carefully26、“We must keep_ in the library.”The woman said _ to me.A.quiet; quietly B.quietly; quietly C.quietly; quiet D.quiet; quiet27、.I cant get anything on TV.There must be _ with it.A.wrong something B.wrong nothing C.something wrong D.nothing wrong28、Do not use so much water.Its _.A.healthy B.useful C.wasteful .rude29、.I think our chemistry teacher is working hard.He teaches us _.Yes, but he hasnt come today.He doesnt feel _.A.good; well B.good; good C.well; good D.well; well30、The mother looked _ because her son hadnt been back.A.worry B.worried C.to worry D.worrying31、Whats the matter with you?Im _.I want some water to drink.A.thirsty B.hungry C.tired D.sleep32、Lets open the windows to have some_air here.A.cheap B.nervous C.careful D.fresh33、I_ride a bike to school.But this morning,I walked to school.A.never B.hardly C.seldom D.usually34、We will have to set off_to avoid the heavyt raffic tomorrow orning.A.early B.quietly C.slowly D.politely35.- What do you think of soap operas? - I cant stand them. I think they are .A. boringB. beautifulC. wonderfulD. interesting36.- Look, Mum! I got the first prize in the physics competition today.- Congratulations! I am very what youve done.A. angry withB. pleased withC. afraid ofD. sorry for37.If you dont go to the meeting tomorrow, he doesnt, .A. tooB. neitherC. alsoD. either38.- I hate vegetables. I eat them.- But theyre good for your health. You should often eat them.A. seldomB. oftenC. usuallyD. always39.Im sure Ive seen him , but I cant remember the right place.A. everywhereB. anywhereC. nowhereD. somewhere二、选词填空(句子选词填空)warm get ready forquiet enjoypolitelucky hard bad especial immediate 40. The farmers are busy the harvest.41. Spring is here. and the weather is getting .42. It was an trip. We all had a wonderful time.43. Dont keep looking at the girl. Its .44. Please be . I have something important to tell you.45. - May I start in a moment, Mum?- No. You must leave , or youll miss the early bus.46. Mike didnt come to school because he was ill.47. , he passed the exam easily yesterday.48. Nick likes sports, playing football and swimming.49. The everyone works, the stronger our country will be.三、首字母填空(短文首字母) There are four seasons in a year. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Every season has three months and each month has about thirty days. The first season is spring. In spring time. We have w weather and sunny days. There are many b flowers in the gardens and in the fields. The birds begin to sing their songs. Everything comes to life again. The second season is summer. In summer, the weather is very h and it rains a lot. All trees are beautiful with their g leaves. The sky is very c and blue. And the sunshine is much s than that in the other seasons. So many people go to the seaside and the mountains to avoid(避免) the heat. Autumn is the third season of the year. In autumn, the weather becomes c day by day. It is the b season we have. So many people like it very much, especially the farmers. They are very happy with their harvest. The last season is winter. It comes with frost and snow. The weather grows c and colder, and much snow falls. But winter is not very l with us, because spring comes again soon.1-5 DDDAA 6-10 CBCDA 11-15 DABDA 16-20 DBBAD 21-25 DDCDB 26-30ACCDB31-35 ADDCA 36-40 DCCCA 41-44 CDAD二、选词填空(句子选词填空)21. getting ready for 22. Warm 23. Enjoyable 24. Impolite 25. Quiet 26. Immediately 27. badly28. Luckily 29. Especially 30. harder三、首字母填空(短文首字母)51. warm 52. Beautiful 53. Hot 54. Green 55. Clear 56. Stronger 57. Cooler 58. Best 59. Colder 60. long