高一英语阅读训练.doc

高一英语阅读训练议论文体裁概述： 议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事情进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或是驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。 议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是文章要表达的主要思想内容；论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，只要是对证明论点有利的材料都可以为作者所用；确定了论点和论据材料后，作者还需要将这些论据合理地组织在一起，就是我们所说的论证。 议论文阅读技巧： 要想读懂议论文、理解作者的写作意图，关键在于是否能够把握议论文的三要素。首先，论点是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场，找准论点有助于把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵；理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义；论据是作者组织、运用论据的手法。论证方法多种多样，常见的有: 1. 归纳法，即从分析个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，从而得出结论。 2. 演绎法，即从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论。 3. 比较对照法，即对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分析，得出结论。 4. 驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。 英语议论文在表达上多使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等的结构，如since, now that(既然)，therefore(因而)，consequently(因此)，accordingly(因此)，hence(因而)，in that case(在那种情况下)。还有些常用句型比如It follows that(因而)，If,we may conclude that(如果,我们可以这样下结论)，It is true that，but(诚然,但是)，Even if(即使)等。同学们在阅读的时候可以通过寻找关键词语表达来快速搜索需要的信息。 议论文的设题类型及解答： 议论文常见的设题方式有：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、作者观点态度题等。主旨大意题主要考察读者对议论文全篇思想内容的理解；细节理解题虽然可以通过直接的查找的方法找出答案，但要注意选项中与文章的细微差别，避免扩大、缩小或误读作者的本意；推理判断题和作者观点态度题的解答一般是建立在对议论文中心立场的基本把握上，在此基础上推断出作者的“言外之意”和未言明的思想内涵。这些题型的题干表达方式主要有： 主旨大意题 (1) The best title of the passage should be _. (2) The main idea of the passage is _. 细节理解题 (1) According to the passage, the author mentions _. (2) Which of the following does the author NOT discuss? 推理判断题 (1) This passage is particularly written for _. (2) The author is trying to tell us _. 作者观点态度题 (1) The authors attitude toward * is _. (2) When the author says *, he really means _. 下面，我们就结合高一年级各个版本教材中的具体篇章，学习如何阅读议论文。 例1： Every year, approximately 1.6 billion tons of soil flows into the Yellow River, Chinas second longest river. The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area. Over time, a lot of soil has been removed, which has caused serious erosion of the land along the River. In some areas in Shanxi Province, this has destroyed almost all the land, and has forced many local farmers to move to other areas. It is a huge job to control Yellow River erosion. Many people believe this kind of work is best done by government or international organizations. You may agree with this point of view. If so, it is time for you to think again. In fact, it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion. Did you know the importance of your 5 yuan? For a start, it can buy you a tree, which will help make soil stay on the land. On land with rich soil, local farmers can grow crops to make a living. With the money they earn from their crops, farmers buy goods or services. This helps to develop local economies. Still puzzled how your 5 yuan can have so much effect? Well, just take a look at the fact below. Since 1997, a tree-planting programme has changed the Jiuchengong Valley in Inner Mongolia into a green homeland. Visitors from all over the world now come to admire this great achievement. What is more, the success of the programme has greatly improved the lives of the local people. Just think, all this started with 5yuan! So when you have 5yuan in your pocket next time, think twice about how to use the money. Remember you can use it to buy a tree and create a green future for our motherland, our people and yourself. (选自北京师范大学出版社普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语4- Unit 10) The passage mainly tells us _. A.a lot of soil has flowed into the Yellow River B.everyone should take action to help make soil stay C.its the governments work to control Yellow River erosion D.5 yuan helped Jiuchengong Valley change into a green home land 解析：该题目考查同学们对文章主要思想内容的把握，是一道主旨大意题。从第一段的几个关键词soilremovederosion可以看出文章的话题是有关黄河水土流失的，但这并非是文章的主要内容。从第二段Many people believe this kind of work is best done . If so, it is time for you to think again.可以看出作者对于防止水土流失提出了个人见解-不仅仅是政府和国际组织的职责，每个人都可以为保持水土尽自己一份力，并且在下文对该观点进行了充足的论证，同时也表明C选项错误。D选项是作者援引用以论证观点的例证，也非文章主旨。因此，B项正确。 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A.The soil can keep the natural balance. B.Farmers can make a living with 5yuan. C. A lot of work is required to control Yellow River erosion. D. The tree-planting programme is successful in some areas. 解析：这是一道细节理解题。题目问根据文章内容，哪个选项不正确的。从文章第一段The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.可知选项A正确。选项B来自于第三段。该段说用5元钱可以买一棵树，这棵树可以帮助保持水土，使得农民能种庄稼维持生计。而选项B所说的农民用5元钱便可维持生计，则有断章取义之嫌。C选项来源于第一段首句，D选项来源于最后一段，内蒙古的九成宫村就是成功的范例。因此B为正确选项。 例2： Because of the advertising boom, people are used to seeing high standards of visual design. Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive. For example, some advertisements may suggest that buying a car can make you free. That is, they use the concept of freedom to sell the car. Other common ideas include happiness, wealth and success. In fact, in the world of advertisements, such content is as old as advertising itself. (选自北京师范大学出版社普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语4- Unit 11) We can infer from the passage that _. A.as long as you own a car, you own freedom B.old concepts of a production are better than new ones C.ideas linked to the products determine the success of an ad D.an ad with high stands of visual design and linking ideas is successful 解析：题目问从篇章中能推出以下哪个结论。文中For example一句说“汽车能使人变得更加自由”，是指汽车给人们出行带来的便利，选项A将这个概念模糊化为“拥有汽车就拥有自由”显然没有理解原文的真正含义。最后一句话中提到了汽车广告中通常使用的“概念”，但并没有说这些旧的概念就一定比新概念要更有优势，B项不正确。C项说产品相关概念决定了广告的成败则与文中“Modern advertisements must stand outby combiningwith”的表述不符，现代广告要想在竞争中取胜必须把广告设计与产品概念相结合，同时具备这两个因素的广告策划则一定能取得成功，D项正确。 例3： Because we have so much to choose from, many companies and stores offer advice about what we should eat. Books, magazines and television shows tell us about food and pills we should buy to become smarter, healthier and more beautiful. It is probably better, however, if we spend our time and money in buying good food and keeping a balanced diet. If we eat healthy food in the right amounts, we do not have to buy any supplements. The same goes for crash diets that some companies say will make us lose weight fast. Instead of eating expensive diet food or going on unhealthy diets, we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.(选自人民教育出版社全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修）-英语 第一册（下）Unit 13) What is the authors attitude towards the advice offered by various media? A. Uninterested B. Negative C. Objective D. Unmentioned 解析：这是一道观点态度题，题目问作者对于各类媒体提出的意见的看法。通过It is probably better, however, if we, we do not have to buy any supplements.和最后一句话Instead of eating expensive diet food and exercise more.我们可以得知，如果我们购买优质的食物、均衡饮食或者少吃脂肪、糖，多锻炼，就不必购买营养品。可见，作者对于媒体的促销式宣传是持否定态度的，故选B。The EnvironmentSection A Do you know that you are responsible for the environment? You might not know that all those colorful fireworks used to celebrate special occasions1 may cause serious environmental danger. So when you want to buy some fireworks or even attend a fireworks display, ask yourself that whether the entertainment is really worth polluting the environment. Fireworks pollute or damage our planet in various ways. Air Pollution: The smoke from fireworks mainly consists of2 poisonous dusts, heavy metals and other poisonous chemicals or gases. In addition, the global warming is increasingly taken our attention at present, which gets worse by fireworks. We need to worry about the greenhouse gases that fireworks produce, including carbon dioxide and ozone3. Rubbish: Besides the air pollution, there is rubbish caused by the fireworks. This trash on the ground is a nuisance, requiring extra time and money to clean. The government has already been struggling with rubbish from our daily life, but fireworks only add to the problem. Noise Pollution: Fireworks can be loud. In the middle of the night, fireworks often disturb people while they are sleeping. Noise produced by fireworks at 85 decibels4 or above can damage hearing. Some people also argue the noise from fireworks frightens babies and pets. Notes:1.occasion n. 场合2.consist of v. 由.组成 3.ozone n. 臭氧4.decibel n. 分贝 Read the passage and choose the best answer to the question.( ) 1.Whats the main idea of Paragraph One? A. Fireworks should be forbidden in all days. B. Everyone should be responsible for the environment. C. People are allowed to set off fireworks in special days. D Setting off fireworks may greatly pollute the environment. ( )2. The global warming in this passage is to tell us_. A. people should do something to prevent it B. fireworks make the environmental problem worse C. fireworks are the main cause of the global warming D. the environmental problem is getting worse and worse ( )3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Fireworks can pollute the environment in many ways. B. Carbon dioxide and ozone is produced by fireworks. C. Noise produced by fireworks can damage our hearing. D. Trash caused by fireworks is the main source of rubbish. ( )4. The underlined word nuisance probably refers to_. A. a kind of pollution B. something harmful C. a serious problem D. something dislikedSection B EU to begin phasing out standard light bulbs The European Union(EU欧盟) will start making the change from traditional bulbs to more energy efficient ones. Several nations including Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the Philippines have already announced they will phase out1 these traditional bulbs as well. In 2007, President George W. Bush signed a bill that called for the traditional bulbs to be phased out in the U.S. from 2012. The new European Union rules follow an agreement reached by the 27 EU governments last year to phase out the traditional lightbulb over three years. It is to help European countries lower greenhouse gas emissions2 and control climate change, the EU spokesman said on Monday. As part of the plan, old standard bulbs will no longer be produced or imported into the EU countries. However, consumers will still be able to buy the old bulbs until they are sold out. The spokesman also said the measure would save about $14 billion a year for the economy. At the same time, it could help families cut their daily cost, which can be easily noticed from their bills. In addition, the more efficient bulbs would bring energy savings of 25 percent to 75 percent, compared to the traditional ones. This measure is only part of a series of energy-saving measures, which were planned by the EU to reduce energy costs.Notes: 1. phase out v. 使逐步淘汰2. emission n. (光、热等的)散发( )1. The following nations announced that they would phase out old bulbs except_.A. America B. Japan C. Australia D. New Zealand( )2. Which one is NOT the reason why the EU decided to make the transition?A. To bring energy savings. B. To control climate change. C. To announce a new measure. D. To reduce the greenhouse emissions.( )3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Older bulbs are not allowed to sell any longer. B. The traditional bulbs cant bring energy savings. C. The measure is part of EUs energy-saving plan.D. The measure followed the bill signed by George W. Bush.读写任务: 阅读下面短文，根据题目的具体要求，简要回答问题。 Through some educational opportunities like the wildlife viewing, the Arizona Wildlife Program is making efforts to increase public awareness1 of wildlife and support for native species. The program is also developing a national network of natural areas to offer excellent wildlife viewing opportunities. Wildlife viewing is the activity of watching and enjoying wildlife species in their natural environment. Wildlife viewing opportunities are everywhere and include a variety of animals, some as common as a butterfly, some passing through only on their seasonal migrations2, and others so rare that watchers stay hours just to have a look at it. It is also called watchable wildlife. Watching wildlife is a lifelong learning experience and people at any age can participate. It provides the best wildlife viewing opportunities in the nation, with more than 900 animal species and 50 million public acres of natural land to explore. The Wildlife Program can provide a fun activity for the family to enjoy together and a connection to nature. Observers3can get a better understanding of how wildlife acts in their natural environment, including how they search for food, where they live and their activities with other wildlife, etc. In addition, seeing wildlife can leave viewers with a positive, unforgettable and personal experience that they will remember for years. 1.What is the purpose of the Wildlife Program?（回答词数不超过12个）2.What does Arizonas wildlife viewing opportunities include?（回答词数不超过15个）3.What can observers benefit from wildlife viewing?（回答词数不超过15个）Notes:1.awareness n. 知道, 晓得 2.migration n. 移民3.observer n. 观测者FestivalsSection A When we say the word Spain, images of Latin passion1, flamenco (弗拉门科民歌) and proud bullfighters come to mind. Actually, its cultural richness is best represented by the annual2 week-long festival during the last week of April - Abril Feria(守护神节), or the April Fair. The site of the April Fair is a square with streets named after famous bullfighters and cultural figures. This is fit for the festival that started in the 19th century in response to the rise of foreign culture in Spain. Indeed, the routine of the April Fair sometimes must be fixed. People sleep for only a few hours a day, take turns to work and then dance and eat for the rest of the day. They stop only for a mid-day horse-ride or to watch an evening bullfight. Even then, industrial production in Seville (塞维利亚) , Spains third largest city, is seriously interrupted by the celebrations. But perhaps this is a small price to pay for having an annual reunion with friends and relatives as well as the chance to celebrate Spauns traditional culture. One of the most popular spectacles is the performance by professional flamenco dancers and musicians, especially when everyone joins in the fun. Ladies dance to the rhythmic3 claps of friends and relatives. Men seldom dance but are great singers of Spanish songs. Notes: 1. passion n. 激情 2. annual adj. 一年一次的 3. rhythmic adj.有节奏的Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.( )1. The underlined word routine in the second paragraph probably means_.A. path B. regular activities C. culture D. general agreement ( )2. According to the passage, the April Fair is celebrated to_.A. have a great time at the festival B. praise professional flamenco dancersC. embrace Spanish culture D. remember famous bullfighters and cultural figures ( )3. People usually do the following activities at April Fair, except _.A. they watch an evening bullfight. B. they sleep for only a few hoursC. all people sing and dance D. they still work in turn.( )4. In the authors opinion, what effects does the April Fair bring?A. It provides people with a chance to get together.B. It costs a lot and strengthens industrial relations.C. It destroys Sevilles industrial production.D. It advertises foreign cultures.( )5. What is the best title for the passage?A. Spanish Festivals B. Spain, Full of Cultural RichnessC. April Fair: Spain at Its Best D. Spanish Dancers at April FairSection B If you like music, you should go to the Rainforest World Music Festival (RWMF) in Kuching. It insists that music that is difficult and demanding is good for you, whether you like it or not! If you actually dont like a piece of music, dont listen to it. There is plenty to choose among RWMFs 17 performers and bands. Some of the music on offer is not easy to listen to. It often doesnt follow the standard sounds of rock, blues or jazz, and it often uses rhythms that many of us cant immediately identify. Some of the sounds are not necessarily melodic1. Some of the music is difficult for the average western biased2 listener to appreciate. It is a completely different experience to watch and listen at the same time. Listening alone, you will often gain something meaningful. Most of the performers are folk musicians, but they are almost fully aware of the leading popular music styles. There is no rejection3 of mainstream music; however, there is a willingness to experiment and combine their own traditional styles with others. After all, world music is folk music, which is all about what folk like to hear, not just what is good for them, so it has developed by responding to the audience. Notes：1.melodic adj. 主旋律的2.biased adj.有偏见的3.rejection n. 拒绝Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.( )1.The purpose of this passage is mainly to_.A.tell readers the music at the RWMF is difficult to understandB.introduce the RWMF and the kinds of music played thereC.explain that there is a variety of music in the worldD.define the term world music ( )2.From the passage, what is the characteristic of the music at the RWMF? A.The music is off mainstream. . B.All of the music has beautiful rhythms. C.The music there combines rock, blues and jazz. D.Some of the music is not easy to understand. ( )3.What is the authors attitude toward the music at RWMF? A. Objective B. Positive C. Critical D. Indifferent读写任务：请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。 In Bengal（孟加拉）, Diwali(印度排灯节)is celebrated as Kali Puja（卡利课诵）, the day that the goddess Kali is worshipped1. Kali is very ugly and terrifying to look at; she is black and furious2. But because she is so angry at the evil in this world, Kali is worshipped as the destroyer of all evil on Kali Puja. The story of Kali that is told to children in Bengal is as the following: Long long ago, the world was flooded with evils. The gods were helpless and they could do nothing to control the evils in the world. In extreme fear they turned to the goddess Devi for help. Devi agreed to end the evils, and took on the overall black form to do so. This form of Devi is known as Kali, which means black. In this form, Devi then went to kill and destroy all the evil in the world. Kali became so angry that she could not stop, even when all the evils had been destroyed. She began destroying the entire world. The gods asked her to stop, but she didnt listen to them. They turned to Shiv, her husband, for help, as he is the only one who could stop her. But Kali didnt listen to him either, so Shiv lay down in her path - and only when she put her foot on him, did she come to her senses.The 1 of DiwaliThe festival is celebrated to show 2 to Kali.The 3 of KaliKali is unpleasant to look at. She is 4 overall.The 5 of KaliLong long ago, the world was controlled by 6 .Devi carried out a promise to 7 all the demons and devils, but Kali began to destroy the world because she was so 8 .Kali stopped her madness when she stepped on 9 . She was 10 after she looked at the destruction she had caused.Notes: 1.worship v. 崇拜 2.furious adj. 狂怒的Topic: Culture ShockSectionABoth men and women in the USA usually smile and shake hands when greeting. Good friends and family members may embrace when they meet. In casual situations, a wave may be used instead of a handshake. Americans often greet strangers on the street by saying Helloor Good morning. When greeting someone for the first time, Americans commonly say Pleased to