初中英语动词不定式讲解试题和答案.doc

初中英语动词不定式讲解试题和答案一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语1To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.2. Its dangerous to drive very fast.二、作表语My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, decide, need, mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。I dont know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。六、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。Im worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。此时，如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到，最后一个走。十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。We have no time to go to town today. 今天我们没有时间去城里。十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。Im glad to meet you. 见到你，我很高兴。They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾。十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。Its for her to decide. 这得由她来决定。（表语）There are many books for you to read. 这有许多书供你阅读。（定语）The book ids too difficult for children to read. 这本书太难了，孩子们看不懂。（结果状语）不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：Its + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时，用介词for。Its dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。（游泳这件事情危险）当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, carelessIt was careless of you to do that. 你这么做真粗心。（你这个人粗心）十三、动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不能带to, 即常见的形式为: hear sb do sth等Many people like to watch others play games. 许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏.十四、let, make, have后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 也不能带to; help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, to可有可无She let us meet her at the station, but she didnt come. 她让我们去车站迎接她,卡她没有来.十五、十三和十四这两种情况下的动词不定式在改被动语态句子时,必须将省略的to还原,也就是说,动词后需跟带to的动词不定式.We heard him sing every day.He was heard to sing every day. 那时每天都听到他唱歌.十六、跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等形式为: ask sb to do sthWould you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜访他?I would prefer you not to come tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天不要来.He ask the driver to stop the motobike. 他要那位司机拦下那辆摩托车.十七、区别下列词组的不同含义:like to do sthlike doing sthstop to do sthstop doing sthremember to do sthremember doing sthforget to do sthforget doing sth十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间干某事.It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务.用汉字表述上面的句型为:It + take + 人 + 一段时间 + to do sth.一段时间形式往往为像这样的例子:fifteen minutes15分钟,an hour一个小时, two days两天, half a month半个月,a year and a half一年半.等等十九、不定式的特殊句型toototooto 太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。 - Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗? - Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。 Its never too late to mend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常 等于very。 Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。二十、不定式的特殊句型Why not Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? 干吗不?例如：Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?动词不定式复合结构中何时使用介词of而非for在英语学习中，我们有时候会遇到这样一种结构，即“it is +形容词+ for / of +名词或物主代词+ to do”，这里的介词有时用for，而有时是of。该如何区分呢，下面谈谈本人的一些粗浅看法。让我们先看看人教版高中英语3 Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note一文中的2个句子。 Well, thats very kind of you. Oh, its for us to thank you.其实，上述2句均为动词不定式的复合结构，只是前1句省略了后面的不定式，如果补齐的话，应该是：Well, thats very kind of you (to say so/ do so/ to have dinner here and so on)。我们知道，动词不定式（to do）结构可以作句子的主语，如To learn a foreign language is useful。这里的to learn a foreign language是动词不定式，在句子中作主语。我们看到，主语显得太长，而谓语很短，为了避免头重脚轻，一般会用it作形式主语，后面以不定式作实际主语。如上句可改写为： It is useful to learn a foreign language。有时候，为了指明不定式动作的逻辑主语，即动作的执行者，我们常常用介词for或of引导出逻辑主语，这样就出现了不定式的复合结构，其一般形式为：it is + 形容词 + for / of +名词或物主代词 + to do请看下面3个句子，了解为什么会出现动词不定式复合结构：To move this heavy box is difficult.It is difficult to move this heavy box.It is difficult for the boy /for me to move this heavy box.不定式复合结构中引导逻辑主语的介词，一般情况下使用介词for，但有时候则用of。根据网络上的解释，“of表示人的内在特征、性格等，与某个具体的人有关，如nice, foolish, honest等，而当强调某事怎样时，常用for,如important, necessary等”。在牛津实用英语语法（外研社1986年3月版）（pp363-364）中，第249节讲述了在何种情况下使用介词of。书中虽然没有给出描述性的定义，但列举了在哪些形容词后使用of。这类形容词有“wise, kind, good, nice, honest, generous, cowardly, selfish, silly, wicked等”，如：It is good of you to help me.你真好，这样帮助我。It is stupid of him to smoke so much.他真愚蠢，抽那么多烟。It was careless of me to lose my umbrella.我太粗心了，丢了雨伞。It was clever of him to find his way here.他真聪明，居然找到了来这里的路。It was brave of the policemen to tackle the armed men.这些警察真勇敢，抓住了那些手持武器的歹徒。动词不定式复合结构中何时使用介词of，我们可以考虑上述网络上的描述性定义，即“of表示人的内在特征、性格等，与某个具体的人有关”；结合考虑语法书上列举的那些形容词，即“在形容词wise, kind, good, nice, honest, generous, cowardly, selfish, silly, wicked等之后使用”来决定，也就是，在上述形容词之后，强调人的特征、性格，则使用介词of，而在强调某事如何如何时，则用for。需要指出的是，英语中不定式复合结构逻辑主语引导词多数情况下使用for，而我们看到最多的使用of的情况应该是这样的一个句子：it is very kind of you。 练习 根据括号内的动词,用适当的形式填空,空内可能不只填一个词,使句子完整意思正确1. They usually _ kites on Sundays. (fly)2. Look! The dogs _ after the cat. (run)3. Miss Gao _ English in our school since she came here. (teach)4. The class meeting _ last Wednesday afternoon. (hold)5. You should let him _ the work by himself. (finish)6. Meimei _ to wash the old womans clothes twice every week. (go)7. Mr Jiang _ us Chinese last term. (teach)8. My father _ back from Japan tomorrow. (come)9. Its seven oclock now. The Greens _ breakfast together. (have)10. Jim _ many Chinese songs since he came to China. (learn)11. Please remember _ the window when you leave the room. (close)12. After school some students began to do some _ in the classroom. (clean)13. English _ widely in the whole world today. (speak)答案1. fly, 2. are running, 3. has taught, 4. was held, 5. finish, 6. goes / went, 7. taught, 8. is going to come / is coming / will come / comes 9. are having,10. has learned, 11. to close, 12. cleaning, 13. is spoken