高中英语阅读理解答题要诀.doc

高中英语阅读理解答题要诀阅读理解是英语能力培养的重要项目，阅读理解考查的根本是检查学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解的正确率。第一讲 主旨题答题要诀主旨大意题主要考查学生的概括能力，即考查学生能否正确理解某一段落（或几个段落）、某一部分或整篇文章的大意。此时，学生必须具有抓住文章中心思想的能力。主旨大意题的四个选项有如下特征：其正确答案是根据文章的全面理解而归纳概括出来的，三个干扰选项主要从三个方面进行干扰。首先，某个干扰项可能是文章中的某个具体事实或细节，不是全篇的主旨大意。其次，某个干扰项可能是从文章某些(不完全的)事实或细节中片面推断出的错误结论。第三，某个干扰项可能不是依据文章有关实施的主观臆断。要诀一：找文章的主题句一般来讲，议论文的主题句在文章的开头。接下来是对文章主体展开的论证。典例透析NMET(I)2004C When someone has deeply hurt you ,it can be extremely difficult to let go off your anger. But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health. Indeed , research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.“People who forgive slow less anger and more hopefulness,”says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book-FORGIVE FOR GOOD.“So it can help save on the wear and tear on our system and allow people to feel more energetic.”So when someone has hurt you , calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love. Dont wait for an apology.The text is mainly written to explain_.A. how to keep yourself from being hurt B. how to stay mentally healthy C. how and when to remain calm D. why and how to pardon others分析 全文共两段，第一段的主旨在第二句forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health，第二段的主旨在第一句So when someone has hurt you ,calm yourself first。结合这两句主旨句，我们很容易得出答案D。要诀二：针对隐含的中心思想或文章大意，我们要对答案进行对比，分清主次有相当多的题目考查学生对隐含的中心思想或文章大意的理解。因此，遇到这种情况，学生要能够把握文章的主要意思和次要意思及隐含意思，然后把这些意思中和起来。在选择答案时，所选结论吆喝文章内容吻合，要注意所选结论是否概括得太笼统，是否全面，既不能言过其词，也不能以偏概全。典例透析Joshua Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided with an excellent legal background .He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How did Joshua Bingham become a lawyer?B. Bingham is a diligent student.C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D. A good lawyer needs good education.分析 此文没有主题句。读者只有将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有明确表达出来的主题思想（unstated main idea）. 由于文章主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham受过良好的教育，所以答案是C。阅读理解训练：一American Thomas Schelling and Israeli-American Robert Aumann will share the 2005 Nobel Prize in economics. Both men have greatly influenced the way conflict and business negotiations are carried out.The two men are being honored for their work in developing an economic idea. It is called game theory.Game theory began as the study of decision-making in competitive situations, like games. John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern linked the theory of games with economic activities more than sixty years ago.In the nineteen fifties, John Nash developed an idea known as the Nash equilibrium (平衡). The Nash equilibrium is the point where all sides in a competitive situation believe they have been given the best offer they will ever get. He proved this with mathematical methods.Mr. Nash won the Nobel Prize in economics with two other men in 1994.Mr. Schelling used the ideas of game theory to study real-life problems, such as the arms competition between the United States and the Soviet Union forty years ago. He was interested in what influenced negotiating groups. He showed how one side might decide to harm its interests for a short period of time to make gains over a longer period. Mr. Schelling also used game theory to show how people become divided by race. He found that divided societies can result even among persons mostly willing to live near people of another race.Mr. Aumann developed game theory mathematically so that it can be useful for different areas of study. He showed that peaceful cooperation can provide good results for all competitors in a game over a long period. This is true even among competitors with a temporary conflict of interest. Mr. Aumann also considered how reasonable decisions are made among groups. He showed that knowing what competitors know is important to decision-making.The work of both men has influenced areas of study other than economics. International negotiators, military planners, business leaders and biologists use methods developed by Mr. Schelling and Mr. Aumann.Mr. Schelling, an American, is a retired professor of the University of Maryland. Mr. Aumann is a citizen of both the United States and Israel. He is a retired professor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.1. Mr. Schelling and Mr. Aumann share the 2005 Nobel Prize in economics for .A. developing “game theory” B. developing the Nash equilibriumC. proving “game theory” D. beginning the study of “game theory”2. The underlined phrase “make gains” in the sixth paragraph probably refers to .A. suffer loss B. improve health C. make money D. make a profit3. According to Mr. Aumann, when we want to reach a reasonable decision among groups, we .A. dont have to be informed what our competitors thinkB. must have a good understanding of what our competitors knowC. need only think about how we can make the most of our own interestsD. neednt peacefully cooperate with our competitors to make a profit4. We can infer from the text that .A. Mr. Aumann used “game theory” to study the arms competition between the US and the Soviet Union.B. Mr. Schelling and Mr. Aumann only explained the game theory mathematicallyC. most of the people are willing to live near their own competitors according to Mr. SchellingD. the game theory developed by both men is very valuable to more than economics二Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero? Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for what would be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life richer?Heroes are catalysts(催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountain top. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.5. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they _.A. generally process certain inspiring characteristics B. probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people C. are often influenced by previous generations D. all unknowingly attract a large number of fans6.Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who _ . A. are good at demonstrating their charming characters B. can move the masses with their forceful speeches C. are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships D. can provide an answer to the problems of their people7.The author concludes that historical changes would _ . A. be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB. not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC. take place if there were heroes to lead the peopleD. produce leaders with attractive personalities 三One would have to be a fool to overlook the importance of using positive thinking for you rather than allowing negative thinking to work against you. In recent years, research in psychopharmacology (精神药理学) has proved what many people have known over the centuries: a positive attitude is good for you, good for your health, good for your wealth, good for everything. Researchers found that a positive attitude produces a specific chemical reaction which makes people feel better, while negative thinking results in a decline of hormone (荷尔蒙) and shuts down the immune (免疫的) system. This leads to illness and depression. Positive thoughts will make you feel better. Even if you must begin by literally forcing yourself to be positive (faking it, so to speak), it will become contagious (会传播的) and the positive thoughts will generate nice little chemicals and good feelings which will reinforce the positive thoughts.For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you dont feel like smiling or laughing, if you keep at it for a few minutes, you will soon feel like it. Feelings can generate thoughts, but thoughts can also generate feelings. Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings. Positive thinking is important in all aspects of our lives. There is probably no single factor more important in determining your success in achieving your career objectives than your own attitude.Its often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant (好战) negativism, the positive workers shine like gold. You cannot control external events, but you can learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy. This vital key to success is totally within your control. Use it.8. We can infer from the passage that .A. positive thinking can cure you of your diseasesB. positive thinking can easily be generated by anyoneC. a decline of hormone may cause you to be depressedD. a specific chemical reaction is the cause of negative thinking9. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Feeling and thoughts can generate each other.B. Its easier to control thoughts than to control feelings.C. Your success depends wholly on your attitude.D. Keeping smiling will surely make you successful.10. Just like a one-eyed man in the land of the blind, you should .A. take positive attitude in the office of militant negativismB. be king in your officeC. pay no attention to what is going on around youD. control your feeling to what is happening to you11. The best title to the passage is .A. Thinking Benefits People B. B. Why Should People ThinkC. Positive Thinking and Negative ThinkingD. Thinking: The Vital Way第二讲 细节题答题要诀阅读中，抓住文章中心是理解文章的关键，然而，中心不可能孤立地存在，作者会用各种不通的方法对其作进一步阐述。要想充分理解文章的中心，我们必须理解烘托或帮助发展主题的那些重要的事实或细节，这些是对主题的补充说明，或是加强和支持主题的主要理由、证据。有关细节的问题是以what, who, which, when, where, how, why 等词引导的特殊疑问句，就文中某一个词语、某一个句子、某一个段落或某一细节或事实进行提问。事实细节判断题的命题特点是：所提问题一般是可直接或间接从文章中找到答案。故解题原则是：忠实于原文，决不要主观臆断。细节与中心内容的关系是辩证的，只有抓住中心才能正确理解有关细节。同时文章事实细节不是孤立的，所以只有注意上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，才能做出准确判断。此外，弄懂文章的组织结构对迅速捕捉所需信息也很重要。要诀一：从问题中寻找关键词对事实比较明显的辨认题首先可从问题中找出关键词，然后到段落里迅速找到这一细节，再把细节所在的段落细读一遍以确保对细节的正确理解，从而选出正确答案。典例透析NMET 2001Shanghai: Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing industry.The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their books.The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choice-deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up during holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Years Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu ,marketing manager of Shanghai Angel Car Rental Co.1. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.70%of the cars can be rented out on holiday.B.70%of the customers are white-collar employees.C. More firms are open for service during holiday seasons.D. some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seasons.分析 这是一道确认短文提供事实的题目。短文第四自然段叙述了这些汽车出租公司每月能吸引顾客租用他们70的小汽车，节假日期间，租用数字还要猛增。只有D项与短文内容相符。 2Shanghais car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to _. A. better cars supplied by producers B. fast service offered by car rental firmsC. the increasing number of white-collar employeesD. peoples growing interest in traveling during holidays分析 本题考查学生是否理解并掌握短文所提供的信息。短文最后一段，说明了租用出租汽车的主要市场力量，是能够负担得起这种新的客运业务费用、且队伍不断壮大的白领雇员，明确指出了上海汽车出租业迅猛发展的主要原因，故C 是最佳选项。要诀二：区分主要事实和次要事实，把问题与文中的所有事实进行对比分析，然后确定答案典例透析The nature of what is news may change. What essentially makes news is what affects our lives and the big political events, the courage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same. I think there will be more coverage of scientific researches though. Its already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic engineering. In the future I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do -whether its love or depressions we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are. According to the passage the future of newspapers_.A. will be mainly connected with scientific researchesB. will report more important political activitiesC. will directly cover more on scienceD. will build a bridge between different people分析 从I think there will be more coverage of scientific researches, though.可知答案选C。四SOUTHPORT, ENGLANDA British teaching union famous for strange ideas has supported proposal to employ dogs as classroom assistants.At the annual conference of the Professional Association of teachers in Southport, northwest of England, one person suggested properly trained dogs be able to keep order in primary schools. They can round up lost children and protect those who experience unfortunate “accidents”. Wendy Dyble, a Sheetland Islands woman who teaches children up to age seven, made it clear to her fellow friends that she was not “barking mad”. They obviously believed her, supporting her idea by 16 votes to 13, with a total of 63 abstentions.he said big dogs could help round up children, keep them in line, lick up the milk they spill on the floor and provide the extra eyes that a teacher needs to keep order. “A big dog would also be helpful for breaking up fights and look for lost property, like gym shoes or dolls, ” Dyble said at the conference. “The dog will also be useful in sniffing out smells that children do not own up to,” she added. “It would be nice for the teacher not to have to go round sniffing each child to find the culprit.”The idea was greeted by the Dog Defense League but less so by bigger teaching unions. A spokesman for Education Secretary David Blunkett, who is blind, said his guide dog was always popular with pupils when he visited schools. The Professional Association of Teachers, with around 35,000 members, is the smallest teaching union in Britain. It has an honour for occasional strange ideas.Earlier this week, its annual conference here suggested stopping exams because they lead to stress and introducing selection at the age of 12 based on physical coordination and manual skill in the use of hand.12. According to the writers opinion, to employ dogs as classroom assistants .A. is a wonderful ideaB. can improve the relation between children and animalsCis beyond ordinary peoples mindsD. can make some teachers lose jobs13. What Dyble said at the conference .A. gained some support from the membersB. frightened everyone at the conferenceC. interested everyone at the conferenceD. caused some trouble to trained dogs14. A spokesman for Education Secretary .A. once used a dog as classroom assistantB. sang high praise for Dybles ideaB. would employ dogs as teachersD. benefited from dogs more than others15. The last paragraph of this passage .A. has nothing to do with the topic of this passageB. shows there are too many exams in British schoolC. provides further facts about the teaching unionD. shows the writers anger to the union 五Gene technology to benefit peopleAmong all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命) can be prolonged. Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary(遗传的) diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep, therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology. 16. What does these two killers in the second paragraph refer to? A. gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases.B. The two murderers who killed the cloned babyC. The two diseases of cancer and heart diseaseD. Hereditary diseases and cancer17. Whats the main idea of the third paragraph?A. How gene technology can be applied in the field of treating hereditary diseases.B. Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.C. Gene technology can help people to give birth of a baby.D. Gene technology can help the English imperial family out18.In what way gene technology can help to treat hereditary diseases?A. Using gene technology, people with hereditary diseases can have more living days.B. Using gene technology, scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it.C. Using gene technology, human babies can be cloned.D. Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology.19.What is the main purpose of writ