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2012高考名校最新模拟试题解析：名词1. Though Mark wasnt well educated，his common guided him through a life.（2011唐山市摸底） AsenseBgroundCplace Dpractice解析：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然马克没有受到良好的教育，他的普通意识引领他成功。2. I have no _ what is in fashion this summerI bought this dress quite by accident（2011浙江温州八校返校联考） AmindBopinionCidea Dthought解析：C考查名词词义辨析。解题关键：掌握句型have no idea+同位语从句。3. What really _ is not failure itself, but the attitude we have towards it（2011浙江温州八校返校联考）AmattersBapplies Cstresses Dfunctions解析：A考查名词词义辨析。此处matter意为：重要的是；关键的是。4. He had a burning _ to win back the teachers confidence in him.（2011浙江温州十校联考）AdesireBfeeling Cemotion Dimpression解析：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：他有一个强烈的愿望赢得老师的信心。5. Over two thirds of the population were believed to have no _ to the health care in the west rural area in China.（2011浙江杭州西湖中学检测）A. aid B. basis C. belief D. access解析：D考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们认为在中国的西部农村地区超过2/3的人口得不到医疗保健。解题关键：掌握短语have no access to意为：得不到；无法进入。6. The Education Bureau gave a warning to each school without any _ when the virus of H1N1 hit our city. （2011浙江杭州西湖中学检测）A. delay B. effortC. schedule D. consideration解析：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：当H1N1侵袭我们的城市的时候，教育部毫不迟疑的警告各学校。7. As a result of heavy snow, the high-way has been closed up until further _.（2011云南昆明一中第一次月考）AnewsBnotice Cmessage Dknowledge解析：B考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于大雪，高速公路关闭直到有进一步的通知。8. There are _ to show that a new , different city is coming out of its dark past .（2011江西师大开学试题）A. signalsB. marksC. signs D. symbols解析：C考查名词词义辨析。此处sign意为：迹象。句意：有迹象表明一个新的、不同的城市产生于它的黑暗的过去。9. The popular cartoon Mulan is a (an) _ of a Chinese poem for children（2011宁夏银川一中第一次月考）Aimagination BplotCstory Dadaptation解析：D考查名词词义辨析。此处adaptation意为：改编本。句意：流行卡通片木兰是由儿童诗歌改编而成的。10. -What would you give me in _ for my recorder? （2011黑龙江哈师大附中第二次月考） -My MP3. Do you agree?A. rewardB. turn C. preparation D. exchange解析：D考查名词词义辨析。语境：-你愿意拿什么换我的录音机？-我的MP3。你同意吗？此处in exchange for意为：与。交换。11. -Are you looking for something in _?（2011黑龙江哈师大附中第二次月考） -No. Im just having a look.A. totalB. particular C. general D. common解析：B考查名词词义辨析。语境：-你在寻找一些特殊的东西吗？-不，我只是看看。此处something in particular意为：特殊的东西。12. All the indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.（2011贵州遵义四中第一次月考）A. evidence B. fact C. factors D. cause解析：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的迹象表明他已经深陷这次犯罪。Evidence迹象； fact 事实； factors因素； cause原因。根据句意选A。13. Obamas success in presidential election proves that the color of ones skin shouldnt be a _ to success.（2011桂林十八校第一次月考）A. barrierB. behaviorC. battle D. bunch解析：A考查名词词义辨析。句意：奥巴马总统竞选成功证明肤色不应该成为成功的障碍。此处barrier意为：障碍。1. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color.（2011重庆师大附中月考）A. a; 不填B. a; theC. 不填; theD. the; a解析：A考查冠词的用法。第一空表示“一个发现”；第二空understanding of color已有限定词mans，故不用冠词。2. In week or soI11 be among_ unemployed，Im afraid（2011唐山市摸底）A小填；aBa；不填Ca；the Dme：不填解析：C考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指“一周”；第二空特指“失业的人”。3. Pirates from Somalia who hijacked _European carrier in _ Indian Ocean threatened to kill its 25 crew members if any rescue operation was attempted.（2011浙江温州十校联考）Athe; 不填 Ba; the Cthe; a D the; the解析：B考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指一艘欧洲船只；第二空特指印度洋。4. Shall we take _ short break? I want to make _ call（2011浙江温州八校返校联考）Athe a Ba；theCthe；theDa；a解析：D考查冠词的用法。第一空考查固定短语take a break，故用不定冠词a；第二空泛指打一个电话。5. In China, _ pressure to pass _ exams tends to cause lack of students creativity.（2011浙江学军中学月考）A /; the B a; the C. the; /D. / ; the解析：C考查冠词的用法。第一空特指通过考试的压力；第二空泛指多次考试。6. The artist, whose early career was far from being success, is now widely recognized as master of painting.（2011广西玉林、南宁二中9月联考）A/ ; a B/ ; the Ca; a Da; the解析：C考查冠词的用法。第一空考查抽象名词具体化，此处a success意为：一个成功的职业；第二空泛指“一位绘画大师”。7. There is small temple on the island, which can only be reached by water.（2011云南昆明一中第一次月考）Aa; 不填 Ba; the Cthe; the Dthe; 不填解析：A考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指一座小庙；第二空考查短语by water不用冠词。8. Mr White, who comes from _ European country, has formed _ habit of attending _ church on Sundays.（2011浙江杭州西湖中学检测）A. an; ; the B. a; the; C. an; the; D. a; a; a解析：B考查冠词的用法。第一空表示来自一个欧洲国家；第二空特指去教堂礼拜的习惯；第三空考查短语attend church意为：去教堂礼拜。9. Its reported that over 1billion people watched the live opening ceremony of_ 2010 South Africa World Cup on TV.（2011四川绵阳中学月考） Yes, news came as_ shock to me. A. the; theB. x; a C. the; aD. a; the解析：C考查冠词的用法。第一空特指2010年南非世界杯；第二空考查抽象名词具体化，此处指“一个震惊的消息”。10. I will never forget my teachers advice: “As long as you can affect life of your child in an active way, youve been success.”（2011四川成都市摸底） A/ ; the Ba; / Ca; the Dthe; a解析：D考查冠词的用法。第一空特指你孩子的生活；第二空抽象名词具体化，a success意为：一个成功的人。11. Would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management?（2011江西南昌一中月考） If you make _ most of the equipment, there will be _ rise in production A不填；不填Bthe；aC不填；aDthe；不填解析：B考查冠词的用法。第一空考查短语中的冠词，解题关键：掌握短语make the most of意为：充分利用；第二空抽象名词具体化，a rise意为：一次提升。12. While income worry is _ rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that _ aged parents may face.。（2011四川成都外国语学校9月考）A. a; 不填B. the; 不填 C. a; theD. the; the解析：A考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指“一个普遍的问题”；第二空泛指老年父母，其前不用冠词。13. -Which of the two poems do you like better?（2011黑龙江哈师大附中第二次月考） -?_ shorter one, of course. I think its really _ most interesting one.A. A; theB. The; aC. The; theD. A; a解析：B考查冠词的用法。第一空特指两首诗中较短的那一首；第二空泛指一首非常有趣的诗，此处most意为：很，非常。相当于very。14. Education is a lifelong process, _ process that starts long before _ start of school, and one that should be _ necessary part of ones entire life.（2011黑龙江哈三中10月考）A. a; a ; a B. a; the; aC. the; a; the D. the; the; the 解析：B考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指一个过程；第二空特指学校的开始；第三空泛指一个必须的部分。15. Department of Homeland Security and CIA produced _ joint report on Monday warning that _ next 911 could in fact occur on _ different date.（2011河南郑州四中第一次调研）A.the; a; theB.a; the; aC./; the; theD.a; /; the解析：B考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指“一份联合报告”；第二空特指“下次911事件”；第三空泛指“一个不同的日期”。16. You can have second try if you fail this time.（2011福建福州三中月考） A/ Ban Cthe Da解析：D考查冠词的用法。句意：如果你这次失败你还有一次尝试的机会。17. If you grow up in large family, you are more likely to develop ability to get on well with others.（2011福建福州三中月考）A/; an; theBthe; an; theCa; the; /Da; the; the解析：C考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指一个大家庭；第二空特指与人相处的能力；第三空others泛指其他人，其前不用冠词。18. At the end of the cross-talk, _ audience present in the hall burst into _ laughter.（2011桂林十八校第一次月考）A. an ; the B. the ; aC. an ; /D. the; /解析：D 考查冠词的用法。第一空表示“特指在场的观众”；第二空考查短语burst into laughter不用冠词。19. What about shirt she bought for her father?（2011广西桂林中学第一次月考） Its wonderful as birthday present. A. a; a B. the; a C. the; 不填D. a; 不填解析：B 考查冠词的用法。第一空特指“她给她父亲买的那件衬衫”；第二空泛指“一件生日礼物”。20. The restaurant was on_ _fire and the people burnt in the fire were taken to_ _ hospital. （2011河南实验中学第一次月考） A. the; /B. /; /C. the; theD./; the解析：B考查冠词的用法。第一空考查固定短语be on fire，其前不用冠词；第二空hospital前不加冠词，表明去医院治疗。专题一 名词研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、及写作部分等。单项填空对名词的考察重点放在名词词义辨析，特别是同义词和近义词的辨析上。名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化，名词动用等方面也是考察的重点。一、对同义词、近义词的考查 1、 At the meeting they discussed three different_to the study of mathematics。 Aapproaches Bmeans Cmethods Dways 【答案】D。【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法；用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、 用具、车船等。method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。 【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正 理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。二、对相似词的考查 2、Always read the_on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 【答案】B。【解析】 从选项中名词的拼写来看，不但形式相似，都是以tions为后缀，而且instructions 和introductions读音也相似，我们平时如果不注意单词的辨形、辨音，很容易混淆，再加上四个单词的含义也相似，有的考生被弄得晕头转向。本题要求在辨形的基础上还要知道这几个词的含义：explanation，“解释”；instruction，“说明”；description，“描述”；introduction，“介绍”。本句的意思是“必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，按量服用”。答案是B。三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配 作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。 3、_achievement，last weeks ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing，grade AIn terms of BIn case of CAs a result of DIn face of 【答案】A。【解析】语境为：就成绩而言，上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高，尽管还不至于不及格。B项表“如果”，C项表“因为”，D项表“面对”，A项表“关于、至于”，符合题意。 4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of_。 Adate Bshape Corder Dbalanee 【答案】B。【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。out of shape意为“变形”；out of date意为“过时”：out of order意为“混乱”；out ofbalance 意为“失衡”。 【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注意收集和整理，并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。 四、考察单词基本义的引申和拓展 近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。 5、To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses Astrengths Bbenefits Ctechniques Dvalues 【答案】A。【解析】语境为：要使队员表现得更好，教练员首先得 清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。B项表“利益、好处”，不合题意。而A项除表体力外，还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项，符合语境。 【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典，尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。同时，加强英语材料的接触，拓展自己的知识面，提高自己的英语水平。【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案1、To the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases . A. relaxationB. disappointment C. reliefD. surprise (湖北省黄冈中学2010届高三年级9月月考 )2、The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural_. Atransplant Btransformation Ctransportation Dtranslation （河南省实验中学20092010高三第一次月考）3、The map was drawn to the standard _ of 1:100,000. So there was not much detail. A. route B. line C. rate D. scale （河南省实验中学20092010高三第一次月考）4、Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious without scientific basis.A process B pr actice C procedure D program（江苏南通九校20092010高三第一次月考）5、Mr Smith had an unusual :he was first an office clerk, then a sailor,and ended up as a school teacher.A profession B occupation C position D career（江苏南通九校20092010高三第一次月考）6、Because of its intimacy,radio is usually more than just a medium;it is . A firm B company C corporation Dbusiness （山东潍坊20092010高三第一次月考）7、The financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _. A. occasion B. condition C. evaluation D. situation（合肥市2009高三第一次质量检测）8.Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.In my _, his decision is not wise. A. word B. view C. sight D. way（福建省普通高中2009年毕业班单科质量检查）9.Jack Brown is very clever and he studies hard as well.No _ he comes out first in the exams. A. answer B. question C. wonder D. problem（宁波市2009年第一次教学质量检测）10. As is well known, the brain performs a very important _, which controls the nerve system of the body. A. motion B. action C. function D. fact（烟台市2009年高三年级模块检测）11. At the meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics.A. means B. methods C. ways D. approa hes12. The of Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and Peoples Olympics will allow Beijing to become the focal point for tourists fr.m across the globe.A. theme B. purpose C. task D. brand13. On yesterdays interview, he didn t make a(n) at all ; what s the matter with him?A. apology B. appearance C. difference D. change14.-If you like,l can do some shopping for you.-Its a very kind A. service B. point C. suggestion D. offer15. It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be.A. feeling B. opinion C. comment D. reaction16. What he told us about the situation simply doesnt make any A. sense B. idea C. meaning D. mistake17. Increasing supplies of fruits and vegetables to enable all people to have _ to them is a majorchallenge.A. attempt B. allowance C. access D. admission18. Jeff,a British hiker,has prepared a variety of clothes of different for his travel from South China to the Noah.A. measures B. weights C. sizes D. lengths19. We need to consider what we will be using for language training.A. abilities B. appliancesC. facilities D. qualities20. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of like coal, gas and oil.A. fuels B. articlesC. goods D. products2l. The kind of office equipment will certainly make a(n) to the way 1 do my job.A. sense B. difference C. effect D. meaning22. l was really unwilling to play chess with him, but 1 had to meet the from him.A. demand B. challenge C. need D. competition23. He isn t honest at all. Under no should you lend him any money.A. time B. case C. circumstances D. means24. Don t try to persuade ynur boss ; he won t have the of employing me - a fresh student.A. intention B. attention C. sense D. attracti on25. When he first went for treatment at the hospital he seemed to be a hopeless A. situation B. case C. condition D. state26. I bought a new type of cellphone, which was the of all my classmates.A. wish B. respect C. envy D. admire27. There s no from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.A. view B. scene C. sight D. look28. The Chinese are looking forward to the first to land on the Moon after Yang Liweis successful trip to space.A. measure B. attempt C. purpose D. desire29. She is in a poor of health, which worries her mother very much.A. position B. situation C. state D. condition30. Some famous singers live on the from their record sales.A. salary B. value C. bill D. income【答案与解析】1C【解析】句意为为了市民的极大的安慰，没有其他人被感染，除了12个确诊病例H1N1病毒。C符合题意，变革。【命题意图与考点定位】特定语境中的名词的辨析。2B【解析】句意为在政治、经济、文化等方面，二十世纪经历了一场全球范围的大变革。选项中三个选项前缀trans-（转移，变换），B符合题意，变革。【命题意图与考点定位】特定语境中的名词的辨析。3D【解析】scale在此题中意指“（实物与地 图、图解等代表物间的）比例，比例尺”.be drawn to be standard scale of 1/100,000(按照十万分之一标准比例尺绘制)。【命题意图与考点定位】特定语境中的名词辨析。4A解析 近义名词辨析，该句的主语是动名词结构achieving，谓语是is ，表语是not a mysterious 。空格处填入的是表语的核心名词，介词结构without science basis作后置定语修饰该名词。practice意为“练习，实践”，program意为“节目，程序，计划”，两者不符合句意，首先排除。procedure和process都可表示“过程”，但procedure强调过程中经历的程序、手续、步骤，如：Making a complaint is a simple procedure.（申诉的手续相当简单。）process则指（为达到某一目标的）过程、进程，如：Coming off the drug was a long and painful process for him.（戒毒对他是个漫长、痛苦的过程。）本句强调的是学习英语的过程，应选Aprocess。句意为： 在作为外语的英语方面达到很高水平并非是一种毫无科学根据的神秘过程。5D解析 名词辨析，profession指“（需要教育、大量训练和专门学习的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的）专业或职业”，如：the pro fessions of law, medicine, and engineering(法律、医学和工程职业)。occupation意为“职业，行业，位置”，指成为正常的生活来源的一项活动，如：He has no fixed occupation. (他没有固定职业。) position意为“（雇用）职位，工作，职务”，如：Hes got a good position.（他谋得一份好工作。）career可指“事业, 生涯”，也可指“某人工作经历或事业上取得成就的总的过程或进程”，如：an officer with a distinguished career（有着卓越成就的军官）。题句冒号后的内容是对前面的补充说明，即，介绍了史密斯先生一生从事过的工作，这些工作单独来看是职业，但总的来看，是他的生涯。因此，应选Dcareer。句意 史密斯先生有着不寻常的人生：他起初当过办公室职员，然后当海员，最终做了一名教师。6B解析 名词辨析，乍一看，选项的四个词都有“公司、企业”的意思，但是这个解释不合句意，这时考生需要考虑词汇的引申义。Bcompany除了表示“公司”，还有“同伴、陪伴”之意，如：I enjoy his company.（我喜欢和他在一起。）B代入后，符合句意，为正确选项。由于收音机给人以亲切感，所以它不只是一个媒体，还可以与人作伴。7 D【解析】经济危机使世界经济陷入困难的境地。A场合；B状况，条件；C评价。8 B【解析】in my view=in my opinion 我认为他的决定不明智。9 C【解析】It is no wonder that/ No wonder为固定句型，意为：难怪。本句句意为：难怪他在考试中老是第一。10 C【解析】句意：众所周知，大脑起着重要的作用，它控制着人体的神经系统。A项移动，运动；B项行动，function功能，作用。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m11 D 。【解析】四个选项的本义都是方法但是从后面的介词to可以确定，D为正确答案。12 A 。【解析】theme主题；purpose目的；task任务；brand商标，牌子。结合语境可知A为最佳答案。13 B 。【解析】句意为昨天的向试，他根本没露面。他出什么事了。make an apology道歉；make an appearance露面，在场；make a difference有变化，有影响；make a change有改变。由句意可知，答案选B。14 D。【解析】从上句看是说话者主动提出帮助，本句是对说话者的答谢，所以答案选D。15 D。【解析】考查名词辨析。feeling感觉，态度；opinion意见，看法；comment评论，解释；reaction对的反应，结台本题语境可知，D为最佳答案。16 A。【解析】make sense 等于be reasonable合情合理，17 C。【解析】have access to do sth固定搭配。1 8 B。【解析】different weights不同的重量，结合句子内容可知，此处指的是从南到北气候可能有差异，所穿服装也应该有所不同，所答案选B。19 C。【解析】考查名词同义辨析，句意：我们必须考虑我们将使用什么样的设备进行语言培训。appliance指(家用)电器；facility指某方面的设施，设备，如：public facilities公共设施。20A。【解析】由题干中的coal, gas and oil.可知，这些都是燃料，故正确答案为A。article物品；goods货物，商品；product产品均不符合句意。21 B。【解析】句意为这样的办公设备无疑将会对我的工作方式产生影响。make sense有意义，讲得通；makek a difference to sbsth对 产生影响；have an effect of sth对有影响。故答案选B。22 B。【解析】句意为我实在不愿意和他下棋，但我不得不迎接他的挑战。challenge挑战，符合句意。23 C。【解析】句意为他很不诚实，任何情况下都别借给他钱，under no cimumstances意思为在任何情况下都不，位于句首时句子要部分倒装。24 A 。【解析】句意为别费力说服你的老板了，他不想雇用我这个大一学生。Have the intention of doig sth打算做某事有做某事的意刚，是习惯 用法。25 B。【解析】考察近义词辨析。由treatment at the hospital 可知，case此处意为 病人。26 C 。【解析】句意为我买了一部新款式的手机，当然便成了同学们羡慕的对象。wish愿望；respect尊敬；envy羡慕(或嫉妒)的对象；admire感叹，称赞。故答案选C。27 A 。【解析】句意为除了一些工厂的烟囱外，从我卧室看不到任何风景。view自然美景，风景；scene景色，景象；sight情景，景象；look容貌，外表，由句意可知，答案选A。28B。【解析】考察名词词义辨析。，句意：在杨利伟成功邀游太空后，中围人民正盼望着登月的第一次尝试。measure措施；attempt试图，尝试；pu rpose目的；desire渴望，欲望。故答案选B。29 C 。【解析】state(精神、身体)状态，情况；position处境，地位；situation状况，形势；condition状态，状况。此处表示身体状况，故答案选C。30D。【解析】句意为一些著名歌手依靠卖唱片的收入谋生。表示收入的单词是income。故答案选D。
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