中考英语专题复习：被动语态.doc

2012届中考英语专题复习：被动语态【新课标考点分析】1.掌握被动语态的结构；2.掌握一般现在时态、一般过去时态以及一般现在时态含情态动词被动语态的用法。【新课标考点精讲】一、 被动语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。【口诀】动作谁做的不知道，说出谁做的不必要； 接受动作者要强调，用被动语态最为妙。如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)二、主动语态与被动语态结构表格时态名称主动语态被动语态标志性词语1一般现在时V/V单三am/is/are + Vp.p.always, often, usually, sometimes, every day, never, seldom2一般过去时Vp.Used to + VWould + Vwas/were + Vp.p.yesterday, the day before yesterday,ago,last week/month/year3一般将来时will/shall + Vam/is/are + going to + V1) will/shall + be + Vp.p.2) am/is/are + going to + be + Vp.p.tomorrow, the day after tomorrow,next week/month/year,in time4现在进行时am/is/are + V-ingam/is/are + being + Vp.p.now, at the moment, at present,these days, nowadays5过去进行时was/were + V-ingwas/were + being + Vp.p.while/when/as , at that time6现在完成时have/has + Vp.p.have/has + been + Vp.p.just, recently/lately, for, since,ever, never,up to/till now, so far，from then on7过去完成时had + Vp.p.had + been + Vp.p.before, by the end of , after8过去将来时would/should + Vwould / should + be + Vp.p.主要用于宾语从句9含有情态动词的句子must/can/may /should + Vmust/can/may/ should+ be+Vp.p.二.主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变，by+主语后面跟。1.All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all the people.2.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are madeby themin the factory.注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。 2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。【其他口诀】 口诀一：宾变主，把“是（be）”补； 动词跟，变过（去）分（词）； 时与数，“是”随主（语）； 时态随原句，莫变要记准 主语代词变宾格，成为by宾( 语)。 主语代词变宾格，成为by宾( 语)。口诀二：被动不离“be”与“p.p.”，主谓一致莫忘记， 句中时态要留意，“进行”易漏一个“being”.一主二宾三不变 谓语动词是关键三.特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)【口诀】如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb 2.主动语态中省略带to的动词在改被动后要加上to：如：He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.【口诀】含复合复宾变被动，只能宾变主。宾补变主补，置于be done后。复合宾语结构中“感官”，“使役”常使用。主动结构变被动，根据常规就不行，主动宾补是动原，变成被动则不然，原来宾补成主补，省去的to要再现。主动句中含情动，变成被动很容易，情动，be加上“过去分”，其他成分别丢弃，原来带to要保留。若要熟悉运用它，必须经常来练习。真题讲解【2011广西南宁市】1.Trees_every year to make our city greener.A.plant B.are planted C.were planted D.will be planted答案：B【解析】被动语态的用法。根据句意“每年种很多树来使我们的城市更绿”，可知用被动语态，时间状语为every year，因此用一般现在时。故选B。2. Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting_in Guiyang this September.A.will hold B.will be held C.will be hold答案：B【解析】这里考查的是将来时的被动语态的结构：will be+动词的过去分词。故选B。【2011天津】3.Today a lot of information can_ online.A.receive B.be received C.is received D.receiving答案：B【解析】被动语态。今天有很多信息能在网上收到，信息被收到要用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。【2011浙江宁波】4.There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people_.A. save B.saved C.are saved D.were saved答案：D【解析】动词语态。从前半句可以看出是一般过去时，根据后半句句意，有许多人被救出。一般过去时态的被动语态结构为waswere+动词的过去分词。主语many people是复数，故用were+过去分词。【2011山东聊城】5.As every one knows, rubbish_everywhere.A. need be thrown B. mustnt be thrownC. cant throw D. may throw答案：B【解析】动词语态。垃圾rubbish和throw为被动关系，应用被动语态。排除C和D。句意为“每人都知道的，到处都禁止扔垃圾”。Mustt表禁止。故选B。2011年全国各地中考英语单项选择题分类汇总动词被动语态 【2011北京】1. Many accidents_ by careless drivers last year.A. are caused B. were causedC. have caused D. will cause【2011上海】2. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed【2011天津】3. Today a lot of information can _ online.A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving【2011重庆】4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted【2011陕西】5. Driving after drinking wine in China.A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowedD. isnt allowed【2011安徽】6. Dont worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.A. will keep B. has kept C. will be keptD. has been kept【2011山东】7. Its true that Shakespeares play _ by so many people every year.A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen【2011广东】8. People who drink wine _ to drive after May Day.A. dont allow B. isnt allowed C. mustnt allow D. mustnt be allowed【2011江西省】9. What happened to Billy?He_because of his drink-driving.A. is caught B. was caught C. has caught D. had caught【2011河北省】10. The Spring Festival in January or February.A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. celebrated D. was celebrated【2011河南省】11.Soft drinks_ to children for free in some restaurants on Childrens Day.A. offer B. have offered C. are offeredD. will be offered【2011浙江丽水】12A friendly basketball match between teachers and students_ tomorrow afternoonAnybody is welcomeAwas held B. will be held Cis held D. must be held【2011辽宁沈阳】13. The computer is broken. ittoday?A. Will; repair B. Has; repairedC. Will; be repaired D. Has; been repaired【2011广西桂林】14. Many trees and flowers _ in our city every year.A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plants【2011黑龙江绥化市】15. Suihua is so beautiful. Its like a big garden.Yes. Many trees and flowers _in our city every year.A. are plantingB. are planted C. were planted【2011江苏徐州】16. When will the birthday party _, on Monday evening or Tuesday evening?A. hold B. be held C. held D. be holding【2011内蒙古包头】17. It will be two days before the decision_.A. has made B. will be made C. was made D. is made.【2011呼和浩特】18. -Did you go to Jims birthday party？-No, I .A. havent invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited D. wasnt invited【2011呼和浩特】19. At last the boy was made and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry【2011四川达州】20. Do you know Lucys grandma?Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has for about a month since shein the accident. A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killedC. been dead; killed D. died; killed【2011四川广元】21.English more and more widely (广泛) today. So we must learn it well.A. uses B. used C. is used【2011四川南充】22. How many people will_ to your birthday party?Twelve.A. invite b.be invited c.be inviting【2011四川宜宾】23.Computers _widely in our daily life.A . useB. used C. were used D. are used【2011广西柳州】24.Half of the work _ by now.A. has finishedB. has been finished C. have been finished【2011湖南岳阳】25.Every year lots of trees to make our country more beautiful. A. is planted B. are planted C. plant【2011湖南益阳】26. His car was by the police because he drove too fastA. stopping B. stopped C. stop【2011贵州毕节】27He likes reading very muchMost of his money on booksAis spent Bspend Cspends Dare spent【2011广西梧州】28. A new cinema _ in our city last year.A. built B. was built C. will build D. is built【2011广东深圳】29. - When should I hand in my paper?Your paper must _ as soon as the bell_ .A. hand in; rings B. hand in; will ringC. be handed in; will ring D. be handed in: rings【2011广西南宁】30. Trees _ every year to make our city greener.A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. will be planted【2011贵州贵阳】31. Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in Guiyang this September.A. will hold B. will be held C. will be hold【2011四川雅安】32. A lot of trees _ on the hill yesterday.A. are planted B. will be plantedC. have been planted D. were planted【2011山东枣庄】33. In the past the children were made _15 hours a day.A. to lockB. work C. to work D. lock【2011山东滨州】34. The Taiwan spotted deer, Fan Xing and Dian Dian, _ to the Chinese mainland on April 16, 2011.Ahave sent Bwere sending Cwere sent Dhad sent【2011山东济宁】35. China has offered much help to Japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami（海啸）.A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit【2011四川乐山】36. Who is that little boy in the photo, Oscar? Oh, its me! It _ when I was five years old.A. was taken B.took C. was taking【2011浙江台州】37. How often do I need to feed the bird? They food every day, or they will be hungry.A. must give B. mustnt give C. must be given D. mustnt be give【2011浙江宁波】38. There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _.A. save B. savedC. are saved D. were saved【2011山东聊城】39. As everyone knows, rubbish _ everywhere.A. need be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throwD. may throw【2011广西广安】40. How clean and tidy your bedroom is!Thank you. It every day.A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was cleaned【2011甘肃兰州】41. In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government.A. is taking good care B. are taken good care ofC. is taking good care of D. are taken good care【2011江苏南京】42.Its reported that Nanjing South Railway Station _at the end of this month.A. has been completed B. is completedC. was completedD. will be completed【2011山东威海】43.Who is the little girl in the picture?Its me. The picture _10 years ago.A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken【2011浙江舟山】44. Food safety is important. Rules _ to stop people from food pollution.A. must make B. must be made C. cant make D. cant be made【2011四川内江】45. Your classroom is really bright and clean.It_ after school every day.A. is cleaned B. cleaned C. was cleaned【2011湖南株洲】46. Mary didnt go to Johns birthday party because she _.A. wasnt invited B. didnt invite C. isnt invited【2011山东青岛】47.Your donation_and the money will be used to help the students from poor families.A. is greatly appreciating B. appreciatesC. has appreciatedD. is greatly appreciated【2011山东青岛】48. Each time tourists travel to Beijing, they_ the Forbidden City.A. will be shown up B. will be shown aroundC. will show around D. will show to【2011 山东烟台】49 It is true that knowledge_ rather than being taught.A. learns B. learned C. is learned D. was learned【2011贵州安顺】50. Look at the sign on the right.Oh, parking _ here.A. doesnt allow B. isnt allowed C. didnt allowed D. wasnt allowed【2011湖北黄石】51. Whos the little baby in the photo, Li Ying?Its me. This photo _ fourteen years ago.A. is taken B. tookC. takes D. was taken【2011湖南长沙】52. -May I use your cup, Tom?-Sorry, it _ by my sister just now.A .was broken B .is broken C .broke【2011四川德阳】53. Waste paper shouldnt _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our classroom clean.A. be thrownB.throw C. is thrown【2011湖南永州】54. Boys and girls, the books in the library should_ good care of.A. take B. are taking C. be taken【2011湖北十堰】55. -Look, what have they done?-Sorry. I think if I _ another chance, Ill do it better.A. give B. will be given C. will give D. am given【2011四川绵阳】56. - Drunken drive is dangerous, isnt it? - Yeah. That why drunken drivers to prison even without causing accidents.A. sent B. are sent C. send D. are sending【2011四川泸州】57. The radio says a wild animal zoo is going to _ in our city.A. be builtB. builtC. buildD. be building【2011四川成都】58. Because of the support from all over the country, beautiful new buildingshere andthere in the earthquake - hit areas in Sichuan.A. can see B. can be seen C. will be seen【2011江苏盐城】59. How soon all the work ? In a week. A. will finish B. isgoing to finish C. willbe finished D. aregoing to be finished【2011安徽芜湖】60. These days students in some schools _ not to use mobile phones.A. ask B. asked C. are asked D. were asked【2011广东肇庆】61. - Your classroom is very clean.- Yes, it _ every day.A. is cleaned B. cleans C. is cleaning【2011黑龙江龙东五市】62. The worker is made _ six and a half days a week. A. work B. working C. to work【2011.广西北海】63. When _ the car _ ?Sorry. I dont know.A. does; invent B. did; invent C. was; invent D. was; inventing【2011.海南三亚】64. Yuan Longping, a great person in China, _as “father of hybrid rice”A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards【2011.广东梅州】65. The boss made him work 14 hours a day. That means, he _ work 14 hours a day.A. was made B. made C. was making D. was made to【2011广东佛山】66. The Chinese Culture Day in New York City on April 20th , 2011.A. celebrated B. is celebrated C. was celebrated【2011海南张家界】67. The news _ to the public yet. Only a few people know.A. hasnt toldB. has been toldC. hasnt been told【2011辽宁本溪】68. The mountain _ with snow all year round, so its hard to climb it.A. covered B. was covered C. is covered D. covers【2011宁夏】69. Look! We cant cross the bridge. It _by some workers.A. repairs B. is repaired C. is being repairedD. is repairing【四川2011凉山】70I think teenagers should _ to get their ears pierced. I agree with you.A. are allowedB. not be allowed C. not allowed【2011广西贵港】71. Waste paper _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep the school clean.A. throws B. are thrown C. shouldnt be thrown D. should be thrown【2011湖南郴州】72. The song Baby Sister _by Zeng Yike.A. is writtenB.writes C. wrote【2011河源】73.The boss made him work 14 hours a day. That means he _ work 14 hours a day.A. was made B. made C. was makingD. was made to【2011江苏泰州】74.Have you finished your fashion design?Not yet. Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes.A. am givenB. give C. will give D. will be given【2011重庆江津】75.The sick girl to hospital by her mother yesterday.A. is taken B. takes C. took D. was taken