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第 21 讲 词义猜测题高考对考生推测词义能力的考查是非常重视的。这就要求我们在阅读时要通过上下文交代的内容作出合乎逻辑的推理。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。 做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。 1. The word “” in linemost nearly/probably means _. 2. In line， the word “” refers to _. 3. In line， the word “” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4. The word “” as used in linein this passage means _. 5. The word “” as used in lineis closest in meaning to _. 6. In line， “” could properly be replaced by _. 7. By “”， the author means _. 1. 利用“同义关系”猜测词义 (1)被考查的词汇在文章中往往被同义词、同位词、定语从句等来解释或限定，根据这些词可以很容易猜测词义。【例题】William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingled” in the paragraph most probably means “_” A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy【解析】 Ba mingled yarn 应与good and ill together同义，指交叉的，好的与坏的并存。答案为B。(2)作者常会用be, mean, refer to, in other words, that is (to say)等指示性词或词组来进一步解释说明某一词或短语。即生词和这些指示词后面部分的含义一样。 【例句】Mary felt perturbed,_that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sisters action. 【分析】你可能对句子中的perturbed不熟悉，但后面that is所引导的句子是对它的解释，从而可以猜出，它和disturbed的词义相近。(3)有时候标点符号，如破折号、冒号或括号均可以表示同义关系或解释。【例句】There are two types of fat, external_fat(fat under skin)and internal_fat (fat inside the body wall) 【分析】通过括号内注释性文字，我们可知external fat 指的是“皮下脂肪”，而与之相对应的是“体内脂肪”。 【例句】Genetic learning is learning by a species animals of the same kind as a whole 【分析】句中的破折号就是对画线部分的最好的注释，因此species指 “物种”。 (4)有时作者也常用such as, like, for example, for instance等进一步解释说明前面某一词句或某一现象。通过所举的例子，便可理解生词的含义。2. 利用上下文的“对比、转折”关系来猜测词义 通过意思相反或对应的两个句子或两部分来判断其中某一部分的意思。这时只要知道其中一部分的含义，则另一部分也就一目了然了。两部分之间常用while, but, however, on the contrary, on the other hand等来表示转折，根据这样的标志词可以准确解释词义。【例题】Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19yearold college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked_on_teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in the passage probably mean “_” A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching【解析】 A根据“while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.”可知他原来的专业是药学，在South Dakota做科学教师时被吸引到教育行业。3根据上下文的因果关系理解词义 有什么样的原因就会产生什么样的结果。因果关系是文章中一种很普通的语言表达关系。在这种关系中如果知道了原因，结果也就不难知道了；反之，如果知道了结果，原因也就不难发现。 【例题】When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standardbased learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.The underlined word “daunting” in the passage most probably means “_”. A. discouraging B. interesting C. creative D. unbearable 【解析】 A根据文章中“creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standardbased learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.”可知这个任务是令人气馁的，没有钱买乐器，而且音乐课也不受重视。4通过上下文提供的信息来推测词义 【例题】Karen, grown up in a very traditional family in the western United States, maintained high moral(道德的) standards throughout her youth. In 1984, at the age of 23, she married Bill. They were_blessed_with two children, a boy and a girl.The underlined part in the passage most probably means “_” A. were lucky in having B. were asked to adopt C. regretted having D. gave birth to【解析】 A从最后一句可知他们生了两个孩子，这应是非常幸运的。 be blessed with 的意思是幸运地拥有，所以“were lucky in having”最贴切。【例题】Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means “_” A. acceptable B. valuable C. throwaway D. longlasting5. 运用“生活经验常识”猜测词义【解析】 C根据“They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead.”可判断出塑料袋将被禁止提供，取而代之的是纸袋和布袋，因为塑料袋是用完即被丢弃，纸袋和布袋可以重复使用，可以推断出disposable的意思是“可丢弃的”。 【答案及解析】46. B这道题考查学生查阅词义的能力。第二段“to keep asking someone for information”跟问句中“pump me about the case”，意思相符。 47. C从pump sth. out的第二种解释：to produce words or loudsame old propaganda.可知。或者运用“生活经验常识”，当我们观看喜欢的电视剧时，出现一次又一次的广告，我们的情绪是会很厌烦的。48. A在文中找到pump priming释义并结合例句“The government is awarding small, pumppriming grants to single mothers who are starting their own businesses”，所以选择A。 49. D找到punch板块，从the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people, 以及紧随其后的例子 I felt the performance /speech/presentation lacked punch. 看出，尤其是词眼“speech”刚好有对应。
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