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高中英语阅读理解解题技巧 总的前提：必须要看懂文章。 再就是要首先确认题型是哪一类题型。此内容包括：3种题材5种题型 （1）5种题型的认识 （2）5种题型的解答方法 （3）5种题型在文中一哪些形式出题，在文中哪些要注意分析一，文章特点：高考英语考试中阅读理解语篇题材、体裁的多样化，文章3文体：有记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等多种体裁，题材 ： 社会生活、政治、经济、文化、人物、故事、历史、新闻、广告、科普等，贴近现代生活，有很强的时代感。二，题目分析：阅读理解多项选择题主要有以下5种题型:主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、观点态度题、判断推理题等。三，出题的目的：基于上述测试要点，学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能，才能获取和处理信息： 1略读； 2查读； 3预测下文； 4理解大意； 5分清文章中的事实和观点；6猜测词义 7推理判断； 8，了解重点细节； 9理解文章结构；10.理解图表信息； 11.理解指代关系； 12.理解逻辑关系； 13.理解作者意图； 14.评价阅读内容。四、（第一节）解题思路分析（一） 主旨大意题阅读理解的问题也以如下形式出现： 1. What is the best title for/of the passage? 2. What can be inferred from the passage? 3. What does the author mainly tell us about in the text？ 4. What is mainly discussed in the article/passage/text?概括主旨大意的方法有：A：寻找主题句，有些段落大意在主题句上。答案多在文章的首句或末句主题句有的在句首，有的在段中，有的在段尾。B：寻找关键词，有些段落大意就散落在关键词上。（略读或扫读） 将阅读重点放在首尾部分。（一则省时间，二则目标明确，正确率自然也相应提高了）。 掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。 1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。 (二)细节理解题 一、 解题技巧方法： 在解这类题时，可采用“找关键词”的办法： 1.抓住题干的关键词，带着关键词在文中寻找，（关键词可以是动词，名词为多，不定式或者形容词都可能。）可在关键词下面画一直线以示突出。在原文出现关键词的地方也需打相同的记号。可以突出重点分析，提高准确率也节省时。二、细节理解题题型主要有三种形式：问句式，不完整的陈述句和排除法。1问句式（which型问句） A其发问形式主要有以下几种： How did something happen? Which of the following people should (not) do it? Which of the following did somebody have to deal with. ? Where should somebody do something?2不完整的陈述句式 A常见形式有： Something can be best classified as . A certain kind of person is someone who . People are looking for better ways to . According to the author, “it”was caused by . 3排除式 A常见形式有： Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following is TRUE? Which of the following is NOT listed in . ? Which of the following is NOT included in the passage? B解题技巧：（广告类） 做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容，然后 查读读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的，我们可以在这些信息下面划线，以作为排除的内容。三、细节题常在文章哪些地方设题。在这些地方要注意列举处常考 细节题1、 特别是Which型和Except型；2、 转折处和对比处常考However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折：unlike, until, however, but等。3、 例子常考 推断题和细节题as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 4、 数字和年代常考文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。5、 最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first.6、 专有名词常考人名、地名等专有名词7、 细节处常考 细节题同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式。（三，） 判断推理题 此题型是阅读理解中较难的题型，多属于深层次理解题。在试卷中数量不断增多。它要求考生根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层次内涵。1. 推断型问题命题包括以下动词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume.2. 对策：1） 根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断；2） 通过阅读某段或几段内容3） 注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。因果句常考 推断题因果连词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc因果动词：cause, result in，originate from, etc因果名词：base, basis, result, consequence. etc解推断题应注意：1. 不要脱离原文只凭自己的想象胡乱推理或只凭常识推理；答案一定要在文章找到依据或理由，分析材料所提供的全部事实。2. 特别重视文章的主旨，所选答案的内容一定不能脱离主题大意。 3.不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点； 4.推理的根据来自于上下文 （四） 观点态度题常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观（subjective）还是客观（objecfive）;肯定（positive）还是否定（negative）;赞成（approval）还是反对（oppsition）等等。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。解题方法：确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。 （五）词义猜测题猜词技巧阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下：猜词的方法：1.定义法 根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词 2. 指代关系法根据指代关系上下文的进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。3.转折关系 根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。4.同位语 根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。 5.标点符号和提示词。分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。四猜答案能力 该部分主要考查联系上下文，综合分析文章的能力解答此类试题时，同学们首先可以快速地阅读试题所给选项，明确其内容，寻找其关键词句。再对关键词语进行详细分析，抓住信息点，仔细辨析备选选项，最后确定对应关系。一般不是正确答案项：绝对词否决法;答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly等。正确答案项：怀疑词判断法：选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数), more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。正确解的几个特征：1、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解2、 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解3、 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to含义绝对的不是解： must always never the most all any none entirely含义相反的是解4、 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解5、 带有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain6、 简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解7、 带虚词的解：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 8、 “变化”是解：change delay improve postpone increase9、 “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessity essential basis be based on高一英语巩固班阅读训练A What is language for？ Some people seem to think its for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of wordsthe longer the lists， the better Thats wrong Language is for the exchange（交流） of ideas and information Its meaningless knowing all about a language if you cant use it freely Many students I have met know hundreds of grammar rules， but they cant speak correctly or fluently（流利地） They are afraid of making mistakes One shouldnt be afraid of making mistakes when speaking a foreign language Native speakers make mistakes and break rules， too Bernard Saw once wrote， “Foreigners often speak English too correctly ” But the mistakes that native speakers make are different from those that Chinese students make Theyre English mistakes in the English language And if enough native speakers break a rule， it is no longer a rule What used to be wrong becomes right People not only make history， they make language But a people can only make its own language It cant make another peoples language So Chinese students of English should pay attention to grammar， but they shouldnt overdo（做过头） it They should put communication（交际） first 1 Language is used to A express oneself B practise grammar rules C talk with foreigners only D learn lists of words 2 Generally， when an American or an Englishman speaks English， he A never makes mistakes B often makes mistakes C cant avoid making mistakes D always makes mistakes 3 “Foreigners often speak English too correctly ” This sentence means that A foreigners speak correct English B foreigners speak incorrect English C foreigners speak English according to the grammar rules D foreigners never make mistakes when they speak English 4 If too many native speakers break a rule， A what they use will become right B they are against the law C they should say sorry to others D they will become heroes 5 When we speak a foreign language， we should A speak in Chinese way B speak by the rules C speak to native speakers D not be afraid of making mistakesC As one comes to some crossroads， he or she sees a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead At other crossroads， drivers have to go slow， but they do not actually have to stop （unless， of course， there is something coming along the main road）； and at still others， they do not have either to stop or to go slow， because they are themselves on the main road Mr Williams， who was always a very careful driver， was driving home from work one evening when he came to a crossroad It had a “Slow” sign He slowed down when he came to the main road， looked both ways to see that nothing was coming， and then drove across without stopping completely At once he heard a police whistle， so he pulled into the side of the road and stopped A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and a pen in his hand and said， “You didnt stop at that crossing ”“But the sign there doesnt say stop”，answered Mr Williams “It just says Slow， and I did go slow ”The policeman looked around him， and a look of surprise came over his face Then he put his notebook and pen away， scratched his head and said， “Well，Im in the wrong street！”6 Mr Williams was driving one evening Ato a party Bto his office Chome after work D to work from home7 When he was stopped by a policeman， he A was driving at a high speed B was driving on the main road C was going to stop his car D was driving slowly8 Though slowly，Mr Williams continued driving at the crossing because A he didnt see any“stop”sign there C he didnt have to stop B he paid no attention to the traffic regulations D he was eager to get home9 The policeman was at Williams words A angry B surprised C upset D puzzled10 Looking round Mr Williams， the policeman was surprised because A he met a mad man B he realized that he himself was mistaken C Mr Williams dared to speak to him like that D Mr Williams would not apologize to himE Scientists are trying to make the deserts into good land again They want to bring water to the deserts， so people can live and grow food They are learning a lot about the deserts But more and more of the earth is becoming desert all the time Scientists may not be able to change the desert in time Why is more and more land becoming desert？ Scientists think that people make deserts People are doing bad things to the earth Some places on the earth dont get much rain But they still dont become deserts This is because some green plants are growing there Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places Plants dont let the sun make the earth even drier Plants do not let the wind blow the dirt away When a bit of rain falls， the plants hold the water Without plants， the land can become desert more easily 11 Deserts A never have any plants or animals in them B can all be turned into good land before long C are becoming smaller and smaller D get very little rain12 Small green plants are very important to dry places because . A they dont let the sun make the earth even drier C they hold water B they dont let the wind blow the soil away D All of the above13 Land is becoming desert little by little because A plants cant grow there B there is not enough rain C people havent done what scientists wish them to do D scientists know little about the deserts14 Which is the main idea of the first paragraph？ A Scientists know how to change desert into good land BLand becomes desert faster than scientists can change it back into good land C If scientists can bring water to desert， people can live and grow food there D More and more places are becoming deserts all the time 15 After reading this passage， we learn that A plants can keep dry land from becoming desert B it is good to get rid of the grass in the deserts C all places without much rain will become deserts D it is better to grow crops on dry land than to cut them
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