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.重点单词聚焦 1The organization came into_(存在，出现) 10 years ago. 答案： existence 2Few of the early manuscripts (手稿) have been_(保存) 答案： preserved 3Potatoes turn green when_(暴露) to light. 答案： exposed,4I_(许诺) to teach the children English. 答案： undertook 5The school sees its job as preparing students to make a_(贡献) to society. 答案： contribution 6This rare bird has become an_(濒危的) species. 答案： endangered,7Progress has been made towards a political_(妥协) between the two nations. 答案： compromise 8There is a general_(意识) that smoking is harmful. 答案： awareness 9You are infinitely_(珍贵的) to me，my child. 答案： precious 10On the table were the_(剩余物) of the evening meal. 答案： remains,.重点短语扫描 1 除之外 2 获准；经过程序；经历 3 使某人想起 4 受支配 5 因而受到尊敬,apart from,go through,remind sb.of sth.,at the mercy of,be honoured for,6 作为回报；反过来 7 对有贡献；有助于 8 以防；万一 9 就达成一致，取得一致意见 10 只要；长达，和一样长,in return,contribute to,in case,agree on,as long as,.课文原句突破 1Some areas are almost completely_in weeds，_serious damage.不少地方杂草丛生，破败不堪。 答案： covered；causing 2They are a precious part of our cultural heritageit is_ _ _that we do something.它们是我们文化遗产中极其宝贵的部分因此我们采取行动就显得尤其重要。 答案： of vital importance,3They_ _that the general public_ _to _ _the problem. 他们建议鼓励公众来帮助解决这一问题。 答案： have suggested；be encouraged；help with 4With more than 50 million Chinese_ _ _ _，the MidAutumn Festival reminds them of their Chinese origins and would help to unite Chinese people all over the world. 包括在海外工作和生活的五千多万中国人在内，中秋节使他们想到自己的中国血统并且有助于全世界的中国人团结一致。 答案： living and working overseas,contribute v促成；捐助；贡献 (教材原句P73)Pollution from nearby cement factories has also contributed to the problem. 附近水泥厂产生的污染对此也难逃其咎。,(1)contribute to促成；有助于；为作贡献 contribute.to/towards sth.向捐赠；向投稿 (2)contribution n贡献；捐献；捐助；稿件 make a contribution to/make contributions to对作出贡献,Though he is not very rich，he contributes ten pounds to a charity collection every month.尽管他自己也不是很富有，可他每月都捐献十英镑给一个慈善机构。 Does smoking contribute to lung cancer？吸烟会导致肺癌吗？ He has made great contributions to the space development program.他对太空发展计划有很大的贡献。,巧学助记,Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A reporter wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper. 许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校园。一位记者写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到报社。,1.(2011盐城模拟)Your hard work_your great progress in English. Acontributed to Bresulted from Cdepended on Dlied in 解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：你的刻苦学习促进了你英语水平的极大进步。contribute to促成，有助于，符合句意。result from源于；depend on依赖；lie in在于。 答案： A,recommend v建议；劝告；推荐；介绍 (教材原句P73)They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired.他们提议关闭这个遗址并进行维修。,Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation. 因此，我毫不犹豫地向你推荐我自己。 The teacher recommended us to buy an EnglishEnglish dictionary.老师建议我们买英英词典。 I recommended him as a manager.我推荐他当经理。 Its recommended that all children (should) be treated equally.有人建议对待所有的孩子都应该一视同仁。 He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie. 他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。,2.(2010福建卷)Teachers recommend parents_their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. Anot allow Bdo not allow Cmustnt allow Dcouldnt allow 解析： 句意为：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。recommed，suggest，insist，order，request，advise等表“建议、命令、要求”等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 答案： A,compromise n妥协；和解；折衷；v.妥协；让步；违背，放弃,After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise.双方经过长期的商谈终于达成了妥协。 Most important of all，it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.最重要的是，通过相互妥协相互协商来作决定总是明智的。 In my view，its wise of you to compromise with her. 以我看来，你和她妥协是明智之举。 In order to live in harmony，sometimes you need to make compromises.为了和谐地生活，有时你需要做出让步。 We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards. 我们不愿在安全标准问题上妥协。,3.Encourage your children to reach a(n)_between what he wants and what you want. Aachievement Bappointment Ccompromise Dadaptation 解析： reach a compromise达成了妥协。 答案： C,ignore vt.不理睬；忽视 (教材原句P83)Older people are easily forgotten or ignored in a country like the USA. 在美国这样的一个国家里，老年人很容易被忘记或忽略。 He cant ignore the boys rudeness any longer. 这个男孩粗暴无礼，他再也不能不闻不问了。,He ignored all the “No smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. 他无视所有“禁止吸烟”的标语，点了支香烟。 I said hello to her，but she ignored me! 我跟她打招呼，她却不理我！ The driver ignored the traffic light，so he was in trouble. 那个司机不理会红绿灯，因此他陷入困境。,4.So you didnt say “hello” to him last night? Well，I stopped and smiled when I saw him，but he_ me and walked on. Aignored Brefused Cdenied Dlost 解析： 句意为：当我看见他时我停下来对他微笑，但他不理睬我继续往前走。ignore 不理，符合句意。refuse 拒绝；deny 否认，否定；lose丢失，均不合题意。 答案： A,apart from除之外 (教材原句P74)Apart from providing warmth，what was fire used for？除了提供温暖之外，火是用来做什么的？ Apart from you，I had no one to talk to.(相当于but/except) 除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。 Apart from a few faults，he is a respectable teacher.(相当于except for)除几个缺点外，他是个值得尊敬的老师。 This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes. 除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。,in addition to相当于介词besides，表示“除以外还”。 In addition to giving a general introduction to computers，the course also provide practical experience. 课程除了介绍一般电脑知识之外，还提供实际操作的机会。,5.(2010杭州学军中学模拟)_its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas. AOther than BApart from CExcept for DRather than 解析： 句意为：除了低成本外，对作为建筑材料的铁的需求在于其自身的优点，耐火性以及在其他广泛领域中的应用潜能。apart from在此处相当于介词besides，符合语意。other than除了；except for除以外，rather than胜于，均不符合语意。 答案： B,6She knows nothing about her new neighbor_he moved into the building last Sunday. Aexcept that Bexcept Capart from Dbesides 解析： 此题考查except后跟宾语从句的用法，except后连词不可省略。 答案： A,remind.of.提醒某人某事 (教材原句P81)With more than 50 million Chinese living and working overseas，the MidAutumn Festival reminds them of their Chinese origins and would help to unite Chinese people all over the world.包括在海外工作和生活的五千多万中国人在内，中秋节使他们想到自己的中国血统并且有助于全世界的中国人团结一致。,The old picture hang on the wall reminded me of my companions of childhood.墙上挂的那张老照片使我想起了我童年的伙伴。 Remind me to phone Mary before I go out. 提醒我在出去之前给玛丽打电话。 Can someone remind me what I should do next? 谁能告诉我下一步该做什么好不好？,7.(2009福建卷)_not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. AReminding BReminded CTo remind DHaving reminded 解析： 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B项。 答案： B,8Every time I saw the hat，it_me of the tour I made years ago. Amentioned Breminded Cinformed Dmemorized 解析： 考查动词辨析。句意为：每当我看到那顶帽子，它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游。remind sb.of sth.意为“使某人想起；提醒某人某事”；inform sb.of sth.意为“告知某人某事”；其余两项均无此搭配。 答案： B,go through经历(困难、痛苦等)；仔细检查；顺利完成；(法律、议案等)被正式通过或接受；用光，消耗某物 结合下面例句，体会go through的不同意义。 The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.经历(痛苦) My application for a visa went through at last.(批准，接受) Dave went through his pockets looking for the keys.(仔细检查) The boys went through two whole loaves of bread.(吃光，用光),go ahead走到前面；继续前进；进展；干吧，说吧 go against违背 go by(指时间)过去，消逝 go in for喜欢，爱好 go over复习；仔细检查，核对 go without忍受某事物的缺乏；没有某事物也可应付,9.用适当的介、副词填空： We cant afford a holiday，so well just have to go_. I dont go_skating. Never let a good opportunity go_. Lets go_the whole thing again from the beginning. 答案： without in for by through,in return反过来；作为回报；作为交换 (教材原句P81)In return，UNESCO recognises the autonomy of provincial，federal and state cultural organisations，but offers support and guidance when requested. 反过来说，联合国教科文组织认可各省、联邦政府及州文化组织的自主权，但是在接到请求时会提供支持和引导。,(1)in return for.作为对的回报 on ones return某人一回来(就) return address回信地址 (2)return to normal恢复正常,Id like to buy you a meal in return for all your hospitality. 我想请你吃饭来报答你的盛情好客。 She gave us food and clothing and asked for nothing in return. 她给了我们食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。 On his return from Germany，he was promoted to Colonel. 他从德国一回来就被晋升为上校。 Interest rates were cut，and in turn，share prices rose. 利率下降了，因而股票价格涨了。,10.(2010岳阳模拟)A clean environment can help a city bid for the Olympics，which_will promote its economic development. Ain nature Bin turn Cin return Din fact 解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意为：清洁的环境可以帮助一个城市申办奥运会，反过来又会促进该城市的经济发展。in nature事实上，本质上；in fact事实上；in turn反过来，因而；in return作为回报。结合句意，B项最佳。 答案： B,(教材原句P73)Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds，causing serious damage. 不少地方杂草丛生，破败不堪。,(1)causing serious damage是现在分词作结果状语，表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之后，与句子的主干之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，往往带有必然性。它须放在句子之后，用逗号隔开。 (2)现在分词作结果状语，表示一种必然的结果。 不定式作结果状语，往往表示主语未曾预料到的结果，尤其是不愉快的结果。不定式前往往有only提示。,This kind of fish can eat a person in two minutes，leaving only the bones.这种鱼能在两分钟内吃掉一个人，只留下一堆骨头。 The train was held up by the snowstorm，thus causing the delay.这列火车由于暴风雪而被阻挡，因此晚点了。 He dropped the glass，breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子弄掉了，结果摔得粉碎。 He hurried to the station only to be told the train had already left.他匆忙赶往车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。,11.(2011江苏宿迁调研)The return of snow and freezing weather in the south blocked about 14,000 km of roads，_more than 12,000 passengers on Sunday alone. Ato delay Bdelaying Chaving delayed Ddelayed,解析： 句意为：南方的大雪及冰冷天气的再次出现使大约14 000千米的公路受阻，仅仅星期天一天就有12 000多名乘客因此而耽搁了行程。前面整个句子所描述的内容是delay的逻辑主语，二者之间是主动关系，只能用现在分词作状语，delay这个动作又是后发生的，所以排除了C项。 答案： B,.完成句子 1英语对我们来说至关重要。 English is_to us. 答案： of great importance 2这个国家经历了太多的曲折。 The country has_too many ups and downs. 答案： gone through,3剩下的那五个孩子是我的学生。 The_were my students. 答案： remaining five children 4这个问题很容易理解。 This question is_. 答案： easy to understand 5他的解释有助于我们对这个难题的理解。 His explanation_our understanding of the difficult problem. 答案： contributed to,.易错模块 1You will be successful in the interview_you have confidence. Abefore Bonce Cuntil Dthough,解析： 考查状语从句的连词用法。句意为：只要你有信心，你一定会在面试中成功的。once 引导带有条件性质的状语从句，表示“一旦；如果”，为正确选项。before引导时间状语从句，表示“在之前”；until引导时间状语从句，表示“直到(才)”；though引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，均不合题意。 答案： B,2_environmental damage is done，it takes many years for the ecosystem (生态系统) to recover. AEven if BIf only CWhile DOnce 解析： 考查连词辨析。句意为：一旦环境遭到破坏，要花费好多年才能恢复生态系统。once一旦；even if 即使；if only但愿就好了；while当的时候；尽管。 答案： D,3He is rather difficult to make friends with，but the friendship of his，_，is more true than any other. Aonce gained Bwhen to gain Cas gained Dwhile gaining 解析： 从句意看，这里用once 引导条件状语从句，用省略形式，相当于once (it is) gained。 答案： A,.语法专练 本单元语法地点、条件、让步状语从句 1How can you expect him to make any progress_you never give him a chance to have a try? Awhen Bunless Ceven though Duntil 解析： 考查连词。when在这里表示“既然，考虑到”，符合语意。句意为：既然你从来不给他机会去尝试，你怎么能期望他取得进步呢？ 答案： A,2_man，animals become indifferent to their young_their young can look after themselves. ALike；once BLike；if CUnlike；before DUnlike；as soon as 解析： 第一空如果选择like，则与常理不符，由此可以排除A、B两项，C项中的before不符合逻辑，因此D项正确。句意为：与人类不同的是，动物在自己的后代一旦能够独立生活时，便不再给予关心。 答案： D,3Ill bring some medicine just_some of us get sick while travelling. Aas if Bin case Ceven though Das long as 解析： as if表示“好像”；in case表示“以防”；even though表示“尽管”；as long as表示“只要”。根据语意可知，B项正确。句意为：我将带一些药物，以防旅游时我们中有人生病。 答案： B,4(2011龙岩检测)My mother likes everything in order，and she always reminds us to put things back_we get them from. Aso that Bin which Conce Dwhere 解析： 考查状语从句。where we get them from是地点状语从句。 答案： D,5(2011潍坊检测)_youve experienced it，you cant understand how I felt. AOnce BBecause CUnless DWhile 解析： 考查状语从句。句意为：如果你没体验过，你不会知道我的感受。unlessif not“如果不”，引导条件状语从句。 答案： C,练规范、练技能、练速度,难点(七) “言外有意”的细节推断题 该题型通常要求考生根据文章的某一细节进行推理，并得出一个合理的结论。 We can conclude from the text that_. AAmerican cities are changing for the worse Bpeople have different views on American cities Cmany people are now moving from American cities Dthe population is decreasing in older American cities,(2010安徽卷，C) American cities are similar to other cities around the world.In every country，cities reflect the values of the culture.American cities are changing，just as American society is changing. After World War ，the population of most large American cities decreased；however，the population in many Sun Belt cities increased.Los Angeles and Houston are cities where populatfon shifts (转移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society.In the late 1940s and early 1950s，city residents (居民) became wealthier.They had more children so they needed more space.They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.They bought houses in the suburbs (郊区),Now things are changing.The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults.Many，unlike their parents，want to live in the cities.They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest.Many young professionals are moving back into the city.They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there；or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.,This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits.Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.In the 1950s，many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs；now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.,Only a few years ago，people thought that the older American cities were dying.Some city residents now see a bright，new future.Others see only problems and conflicts.One thing is sure：many dying cities are alive again. 语篇解读 本文是篇记叙文。作者向我们叙述了二战后以及现在美国城市中人们的变迁，从侧面反射出贫富差别给人们带来的影响。,1What does the author think of cities all over the world? AThey are alive. BThey are hopeless. CThey are similar. DThey are different. 解析： 事实细节题。由第一段第一句可知美国的城市和世界其他城市是类似的。 答案： C,2Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War ？ ABecause older American cities were dying. BBecause they were richer and needed more space. CBecause cities contained the worst parts of society. DBecause they could hardly afford to live in the city. 解析： 推理判断题。由第二段最后三句可知城市居民变得富有，他们有较多的孩子，需要较大的空间，因此他们想搬到乡下。 答案： B,3According to the 4th paragragh，a great many poor people in American cities_. Aare faced with housing problems Bare forced to move to the suburbs Cwant to sell their buildings Dneed more money for daily expenses 解析： 推理判断题。由第四段第二句可知：无数的穷人必须离开他们的公寓，因为主人想卖掉他们的房子而不想出租了。故选A。而B和第四段倒数第二句矛盾；C的主语应该是房东(the owners)；D未提到。 答案： A,4We can conclude from the text that_. AAmerican cities are changing for the worse Bpeople have different views on American cities Cmany people are now moving from American cities Dthe population is decreasing in older American cities 解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知不同的人对城市有不同的观点，故选B。A和第一段最后一句矛盾，the worse错误；C的主语应该是many poor people；文中没有和D相关的信息。 答案： B,【长难句】 Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.无数的穷人必须离开他们的公寓，因为主人想卖掉他们的房子而不想出租了。 句中的because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent是原因状语从句。for sale待售；for rent出租。,化难为易 细节推断题的解题过程包括“细节理解”和“推理判断”两个环节，也就是根据文章的相关细节推断，得出一个和文意相符的答案。该题型要求考生不仅要正确理解相关细节的表层含义，还要通过对细节的理解，弄清楚该细节所包含的深层含义，即联系语境，确定“言外之意、话外之音”。比如根据文章最后一段可知不同的人对城市有不同的观点，可推断出B项正确。,细节推断题的基本解题思路：在解题过程中，考生要注意“细节”和“推断”之间的相互关系。抛弃“细节”的“推断”是无中生有的推断，而只抓住了细节，不去进行合乎实际的推理，也一定无法选出正确答案。,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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