湖北省高中英语时态与语态在完成句子题型中的运用与判断.docx

湖北省高中英语时态与语态在完成句子题型中的运用与判断学习此语法要达到的高考目标：会准确判断完成句子题型中的时态与语态，每年10道题中，占到5道题以上要考虑时态和语态问题，即50以上的比例要注意时态与语态，否则的话会功亏一篑。下面我们具体讲讲时态和语态时态一、 种类（concept）高考英语教学大纲中要求掌握的时态只有八种：一般现在时，现在进行时, 现在完成时，一般将来时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时二、 时态坐标图 (Before) Past Now (Future)三、 八种时态的概念及时态类型常用标志时态及其形式概念使用时间标志及备注例句一般现在时be/实义动词经常性或习惯性的动作（客观真理名言警句）ofen,usually,always,sometimesevery day等。e.g. I leave home for school at 7 every morning.现在进行时Be+V-ing说话时刻正在进行的动作或目前这个阶段(不一定是说话这个时候)Now（生气，称赞，惊讶，不满等带有感情色彩 e.g. She is always helping people.）e.g. Be quiet!The baby is sleeping.e.g. He is teaching in a middle school.现在完成时has+V-ed过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;也可表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去already,yet,just,ever, beforethis month/this week/year, these days,recently/lately,up to now,so far, in the past few+时间段，since+时间段，for+时间段注：非延续性动词不能与时间段连用；若要接时间段状语，则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。区分瞬间动词和延续性动词(1)I have just finishedmy work.(2)You have studied here since 2003.He has left.He has been away for an hour. 一般将来时will/shall+V原be going to 将来某个时侯将要发生的动作或存在的状态Next time/week,in a minute,tomorrowThe concert will start in a minute.We are not going to stay there long. 一般过去时(was或were/V-ed表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态yesterday,last week,an hour ago,just now,the other dayLast week we went for a picnic.过去进行时was/were+doing过去某一时间正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作At 9 last night,at that time等Sleeping well last night?-Far from that!My next neighbor_(放音乐)pretty loud.(play)过去将来时would+V原从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情（尤用于宾语从句）注意would和used to的区别前者强调动作，反复的动作，后者强调动作状态皆可，但不表示反复的动作I knew you wouldagree. It was six oclock.The sun would soon set.过去完成时had+V-ed过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作by,before,until,when,by the end ofI had learned 5000 words before I entered the university.四、 几种易混时态（1）一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时所表示的事情纯属于过去，与现在情况没有任何联系；现在完成时表示过去所发生的事情对现在所造成的影响或结果，连接过去和现在。句子分析如下：a)He served in the army from 1952 to 1954.（这是过去的一件事，与现在没有任何关系）He has served in the army for 5 years.(表明现在还在服役，是个军人)b)He wrote many plays when he was at college.(写剧本是他过去做的事) He has written many plays.(这意味着他是剧作家)c)I saw Hero last year. I have seen Hero before.(2)一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别：时间参照点的区别(3)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用，现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作。e.g. She had been ill for a week before she came back. She has been ill for a week.(4)过去进行时与一般过去时的区别前者表示反复的动作，后者表示只做一次的动作e.g.She was waving her hand.She waved her hand.五、 高考试题有时考查一些句型中的固定时态，应对策略识别句型,牢记规则一般现在时在时间(when,before,until,the moment,once,as soon as)、条件(if,unless)、方式及让步状语从句(no matter what/who/which/when/how或whatever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however)中代替将来时态固定句型固定时态：be about to do /be doing.when.This is the first time that.It is/has been+一段时间+since从句It+be+一段时间+before从句If引导的虚拟条件句的时态模式时态要牢记Wish引导的虚拟条件句的模式时态要牢记部分例题分析：It is 3 years since he joined the army.=He has served in the army for 3 years.It wont be long before he succeeds.Ill go with you as soon as I finish my work.时态需要把握的要点：1.2007年2012年高考英语几乎全部都是在复合句（宾语从句，表语从句，定语从句，同位语从句，条件句等等）中考查的时态和语态。2.时态判断在句中前后文要大体上一致，不能前面是一般现在时，后面突然又出现过去的时态。高考英语中，时态很容易确定，汉语提示信息都表现的很明显，如“将要，会，已经，数次，了”；另外一种，就是有英语句子中有明显的时间状语告知你用哪种时态，如”in ten years, during the past two weeks，twice a week,since等等。语态高中英语考纲中，完成句子题型中只需要简单地会判断语态是主动还是被动，能熟练的写出八种时态的语态就可以了。现在我们列出常用的几种时态的被动语态：一般式进行式完成式现在is/am/are doneis/am/are being done have/has been done过去was/were donewas/were being done had been done将来will/shall been done -shall/will have been done过去将来should/would be done -should/would have been done语态中的一些特殊情况1主动表被动种类主要用法例句连系动词主动形式表被动含义feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,等remain,stay,appearThe cloth feels soft.The music sounds inspiring. 不及物动词及不及物动词短语表示主语的某种属性特征的动词read well,dry easily,clean easily,wear thin,write smoothly,cut well,wash wellThe book sells well.The engine wont start.特殊情况2主动化被动的特殊动词后跟双宾语的动词give,send,show,lend,pay,tell,hand,bring,get,make,leave,pass,buy+sb sthsb be V-ed+sth或sth be V-ed+to（for）+sbHe was given a book.A book was given to him.短语动词中的介词或副词不能掉The baby was looking after.hear/watch/notice/feel/observe/see+sb do sthSb be V-ed+to doA bird was seen to fly into the window.Get+V-ed可表被动，比较口语化The person got treated once a week.经典例题分析如下：湖北省历年（20072012）高考英语完成句子集锦（2007年） 32.I havent the slightest idea_ (他正在说什么)。（talk）33.The fact _ (他失败了数次) makes him very upset.(he,fail)34.Last night,John was answering the letters that _ (寄给他的) during the past two weeks.(arrive)37._(他是否出过国) doesnt make much difference.(he, abroad)39.Not only _(要帮助) the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it.(give)（2008年）32.Seldom _(他们玩)video games ever since they entered college.(play)33.The city _(我成长的) is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)34._(我花了) one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.(cost)35.I feel so sick. I wish Mum_(没有逼我) to eat so much.(force)37.With the rapid development of science and technology, I cant imagine _(我的家乡会是什么样子) in ten years. (what)38.It is your efforts ,not your intelligence, _(决定) your success.(determine)40.At present, lots of food,water,tents, and medicine_(正在运往) all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake-stricken areas.(transport)(2009年) 73.During his last lecture, the scientist_(觉得) easier to explain the theory to those with some background knowledge. (find)75.If times _(变了), have our ways of thinking changed too?(change)77._(任何计划好了的事) is sure to change as one puts it into practice.(whatever)78.Such knowledge is still useful_(当应用) to similar situations in other countries.(when)80.Learning strategies, to _(老师们认为) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach)(2010年)74.The news _(房价将要下跌) has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)77.My mother was so proud of all_ (我所做的) that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)78.Last night9 TV news said that by then the death of the missing people _(未证实). (prove)80._(正如我们所强调的那样)many times, ”serve the people ” is our first policy. (stress)(2011年)71.Not until two days after the earthquake_(她发现)her mother alive.(find)72._(没有必要)call me when you arrive. Just come up to my house. Ill be at home all day.(there)75.If_(我没有喝)alcohol last night. I could have driven my car home.(drink)76. （令球迷欣喜的）was that the young player performed exteriorly well in the table tennis tournament.(delight)78. (他突然想到) that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(occur)79.Be careful! The machine starts (你一按)the button.(moment) (2012年) 73. I dont know _ in the novel that made him burst into tears. (what) 我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。74. Little _ what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance. (care) 她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。75. Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we _ the train. (miss)要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。76. However _, I could not read his handwriting. (try) 不论我怎样努力，还是没法看清他写的字。 77. In response to the audiences great demand, the play _ in the theatre twice a week. (put) 应观众的强烈要求，这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。80. Things arent always _. (appear) 事情往往不是它们看上去的那样。Homework:将高二所有试卷完成句子题型时态和语态错误习题拿出来再重新分析一遍，进行整理，看能不能准确的做出判断而且能很快的在脑海中呈现其时态和语态结构，这样才能攻克这一大难点。下一次补课，一定要把高二年级平时做的所有测试卷带过来，需要检验是否真正掌握了时态和语态。参考答案：（2007年）32.(of) what hes talking about 33.that he has failed (for) several times 34.had arrived for him 37.whether he has been abroad or not 39.will help be given to （2008年）32.have they played 33.in which/where I grew up 34.It cost me 35.hadnt forced me 36.have/get your car washed 37.what my hometown will be/look like 38.that determine 40.are being transported(2009年) 73.found it/found that it was 75.have changed 77.whatever one has planned/whatever has been planned 78.when ( it is )applied80.which (the) teachers attach/have attached(2010年) 74.that house prices will fall 77.that I had done 78.hadnt been proved 80.As we have stressed/As has been stressed(2011年) 71.did she find 72. There is/will be no need to75. I had not/hadnt drunk 76. What delighted the fans/What made the fans delighted78. It (suddenly) occurred to him 79. the moment you press (2012年) 73. what it was 74. does she care (about) 75. would not have missed76. hard/much I (had) tried 77. will/would be put on 80. what they appear (to be)课后练习题1. As reliable parents, they never _ give their son what he is promised.(fail)作为可信赖的父母，他们从不食言给儿子他们已经答应过的东西。2. I arrived late and missed the flight, I _ the traffic to be so heavy.(expect)我到达晚了，错过了航班。我没有想到交通如此的拥挤。3. He has been suspected of taking government funds for himself and _ by the police. (investigate)他已被怀疑挪用政府资金，正在接受警方调查。4. I really admire her because she _ those kids on her own. (bring)我的确佩服她，因为她全靠自己把那些孩子抚养大了。5. We have to admit that adopting this technique is painful, but patients _. (benefit)我们得承认采用这项技术会有点痛，但会对病人有益。6. 74. The number of people infected with HIV may reach 50 million by 2020 _ to prevent the spread of the disease. (measure) 除非采取有效措施来遏制传播，否则到2020年，感染HIV病毒的人数可能达到五千万。7. His left knee and I believe it wont be long for him to recover. (operate) 他的左膝正在做手术，我相信要不了多久就会恢复的。 时态和语态记忆线索及体系：时与语，字面概念要抓紧，坐标帮你记，时间结构相对应，高考现过完成是重点；语态结构要正确，主表被，双宾动词为特例，get+done口语化