高一下学期英语词汇.doc

高一下学期英语词汇 1. ought to应当，应该 2. keep up with跟上，赶上3. plenty of许多，大量的（作定语）4. in plenty许多，丰富（作状语）5. make a choice做出选择 6. now and then偶尔，时而7. prepare a dish做一道菜 8. a balance diet均衡饮食9. be/go on diet在节食 no longer不再10. be based on/upon以为基础 take medicine吃药11. be harmful to对有害 12. offer advise about/on提的建议13. lose weight减肥 14. cut into pieces把切碎 15. gain weight=put on weight增肥 16. make up for补偿17. get along with和相处 18. put up with忍受19. go for sb对某人也一样 20. in large amount大批地21. be short of=be lacking of 缺乏，缺少22. do up ones hair做发型 23. refer to查阅，提到24. settle down定下心来，安家落户 25. settle up付清，结账26. settle for勉强同意，接受 27. settle in（使）习惯（环境等）28. settle on定居（短暂停留） of high/good quality高质量的29. sign an agreement with与达成协30. in relation to与有关的 31. but for要不是 32. thanks to由于，幸亏33. apart from除之外 34. hand down传下来 35. and so on等等 36. in ancient time在古代37. go against违背 38. guide to（介词）指导39. of (no) effect（无）效 40. take effect生效，奏效41. bring/carryinto/to effect实施42. come/go into effect开始实施 43. depend on/upon依靠44. That/It (all) depends.这很难说。 i. stand for代表45. in condition身体好 46. out of condition身体不好47. on condition that.如果，条件是48. in/under favorable conditions在有利形势下49. bring in引进，赚钱 a) year after year年复一年50. Point out指出 51. make use of利用52. tongue twister绕口令 a) be on good terms (with sb.)关系好53. drive off开走，击退 54. look onas把看作55. Ahead of更前，更早 56. give sb a hand给某人帮助57. Get through通过，到达 58. tear down拆毁59. Hold up举起 60. Intend to do sth打算做某事 61. Intend to have done本想做（而没能做） 62. Intendfor=be intended for供用63. Dress up打扮，装饰 64. in ones opinion依某人之见65. Play a trick on sb开某人玩笑 66. take in收容，理解，包含，欺骗67. Be determined to do sth下决心做68. Gift money压岁钱 69. fire works鞭炮70. Save money存钱 71. ask for a day off请一天假72. Happen to meet碰巧遇见 73. be jealous of sb嫉妒某人74. Believe in信仰 75. dress up as装扮成，打扮成76. Do crime犯罪 77. light up照亮 78. Do honor to sb=do sb honor礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意 79. On purpose=by accident故意地 80. care for喜欢，照顾81. Make fool of愚弄 82. in other words换句话说83. hope for对希望 84. seek after追求85. A similar to B A和B相似 86. take on呈现87. Or else或者 88. personal affair隐私89. Date back to =date from始于，追溯到90. Appreciate good food欣赏美味 91. suitto使适合于92. Be suit to/for适合于 93. In all direction朝四面八方 94. in direction=in direction of朝的方向95. under the direction of在的指导下96. Follow ones directions遵照某人的指示 97. Be angry with sb for sth因生某人的气 98. be likely to很有可能 99. make fun of取笑100. No laughing matter不是闹着玩的 101. existin 存在于102. Get into contact with sb与某人取得联系103. Make contact with sb与某人联络104. (be) in contact with 与有交往105. lose/break contact with与失去联系106. go ahead 前进 107. be crazy about对着迷108. go into details细说 109. in detail详细地110. focuson把集中于 111. occur to sb使某人突然想到112. fell down感到闷闷不乐 113. in a hurry匆忙地114. accept as认为是 i. bring on引发 115. make oneself done使被 116. make conversation交谈117. have/hold a conversation with与交谈118. be in conversation with与谈话中119. divideinto.把分成 120. ivide between/among把分给121. achieve success获得成功 122. an injured look一副受冤的表情123. call on 拜访（某人） a) call at拜访（某地）124. bring back拿回来，使恢复 125. day and night日日夜夜地 126. pay off还清 127. at most 至多128. a number of许多129. a great deal of许多 i. pick out挑出，辨别出130. test on在做实验 131. be continued 未完待续132. pay back偿还，报复 133. sth of good/poor quality质量好的134. would rather宁愿 135. after all毕竟136. be well worth 很值得 137. without luck运气不好138. in the hope of doing抱着的希望139. bring about引起，导致 140. bring up哺育141. belong to sb/sth属于 142. without limit无限地143. run/take a risk冒险 144. limitto 把限制在a) at risk处于危险中 145. at any risk不顾一切146. at the risk of冒着的危险 147. to ones sorrow使悲伤的是148. than usual 比平常 149. badly off贫穷的150. bear/take ones share of负担的部分151. keepat harms length保持的距离152. a total failure一个彻底的失败者 153. save the situation收拾局面154. trade in以交方式购入 155. trade with从事贸易156. be popular with受的欢迎 157. culture of mind and body身心修养158. (be)of (no) use有（无）用 159. putto use利用160. to ones knowledge 据某人所知 161. express oneself表达自己的意思162. tellfrom把和分开 163. means of transport交通方式164. together with=as well as也 165. against to the wall靠着墙166. without a sound悄无声息地 167. pull out把拉上来168. not later than不迟于 169. get close to接近170. just as 恰如 171. without turning a hair毫不畏惧172. in disorder混乱173. be familiar with 熟悉 174. rushed off ones feet忙于工作175. at work忙于工作 176. n the go奔波177. go through with 完成 178. at one go一口气179. miss ones turn 错过 180. be devoted to sb喜欢某人181. todegree 达到程度 182. succeed in doing sth成功的做了某事183. do about处理 应付 184. clear away清除打扫185. go out熄灭 186. push open推开187. be up to sb 由某人决定 188. tire out筋疲力尽189. not a bit = not at all一点也不 190. there is no doubt毫无疑问 191. be willing to do = like to do愿意 192. a number of 若干 ，一些 193. the rule of conduct行为准则194. charge a pipe给烟斗塞烟 195. be charged with充满196. tear at sth撕扯 197. fastento把拴在上198. explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth向某人解释某事199. fasten ones eyes to sb眼睛盯着某人200. in tears哭泣，掉泪 201. end in a tie以平局结束202. in your own words用你自己的话 203. come into use开始使用204. cant help doing忍不住 205. stopfrom doing阻止206. leave sth done 让做 207. by choice 出于选择208. for choice要选就选 209. ask after sb问候某人210. give away赠出，让出 211. set the scene为某事做准备212. full dress盛装 213. a pieces of jewellery一件珠宝214. look about/around 警戒 215. look on旁观 216. look through浏览 217. look up to尊敬218. act for代理 219. act on/upon对起作用220. know of听说过 221. by chance偶然地222. by mistake由于疏忽 223. be in use在使用中224. make a great discovery完成一项重大任务225. bringto use= put to use加以利用226. call sb names谩骂某人 227. in the name of以的名字228. in change主管 229. free of change免费230. at ones own change自费 231. out of control失去控制232. be particular about对挑剔 a) knock over撞翻233. lay down ones life献出生命 234. a man of name知名人士235. turn in归还，交上 236. carry on research进行研究237. take up research开始研究 238. act against违反239. speak against发表抨击 240. little by little逐渐地241. out of date这时的 242. up to date最新式的 243. to date 到目前为止 put a date to sth注明日期244. set/fix the date确定日期 245. keep a date赴约246. go off 出发，爆发（机器等停止） 247. go into详细调查248. go by 走过，流逝 249. go beyond超越250. go about 四处走走，开始 251. around the corner即将来临，在拐角处252. die down平息 253. come to terms with甘心忍受254. what else而且 255. be about to即将开始256. at the top of ones voice大声地257. self rescue自救 258. be mean with对吝啬259. take shelter躲避 260. work with sb对起作用261. smell of闻出的味道 262. break up弄碎263. hold up阻滞 264. a threatening letter恐吓信265. somehow or other设法，想办法 266. admire sb as钦佩某人是267. admire sb for sth 钦佩某人的 268. admire oneself in the mirror照镜子269. rise/come to fame 成名 270. opposite to 在对面271. to ones regret 使某人遗憾的是272. be surrounded with/by被围绕273. get/gain/take possession of占有，占领274. make up组成，构成，凑足 275. turn to转向，求助于276. go sailing 驾船航行 277. go camping宿营278. come into ones possession被某人占有279. in ones possession=in the possession of sb被某人据有280. (be) in possession of持有，拥有281. 零 散 记 忆282. only+介词短语(方式状语)+倒装句283. e.g.: Only in this way will we be ready for the284. the only/just/very/first + n.+ that(who)+定从285. 当n.为物时只用that,当n.为人时只用who。286. be of + 抽象名词，表“具有”287. begin to do 和begin doing a) 一般情况下意思相同，但 1）begin为现在进行时时；288. 2）当begin后为think,realise等类词时，只用to do。289. Make it (F.O) +adj+to do sth.290. To,on,in 在表方位时：a) on表接壤 2）in在范围之内 3）to不接壤291. 7、hope: 1)+that-clause 2)+to do 3)+for sth292. a/the way (that) +定语从句293. to do 和v-ing 做主语和宾语：294. to do一次性和具体性；v-ing表经常性延续性295. sothat “如此以致于”引导结果状从句。296. So部分放在句首时，句子要倒装297. 比较：sothat和suchthat的句型构成a) so+adj./adv.+that such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that b) such+adj.+U.C.N.+that 298. such+n.(pl.)+that299. with+宾+宾补（形容词、介词短语、副词、分词、不定式），在句中状语或定语300. 12、a great many+n.(pl.),当此名词前有限定词如the ,these,those等，则用a great many of301. 13、系表结构 stay+adj. 一直保持某种状态302. 14、only to do sth 这一结构常作结果状语，用以指随即发生的意料之外的事，有“反而，却”之意。303. 15、 advise(n. advice) “建议，忠告”304. 1）advise+n./pron. 2)advise sb. (not) to do sth305. 3)advise doing sth 4)advise sb.+clause(虚拟语气)306. 16、the reason 与for连用表语从句只用that引导307. 17、used to:1. used not to +动词原形=usednt to+动词原形 308. did not use to+动词原形=didnt use to+动词原形 1. used+主+to+动词原形2. did+主+use to+动词原形i. It seems to that309. 18、seem It seems as if/thoughi. There seems (to be)310. 19、Seem,that和appear311. 三词后均可加形容词、副词、分词等；312. appear,seem后可接to do ,而look后只加to be313. look后只可接as if引导的从句，不能接that 从句i. 20、accept314. n./pron 接受1. sb/sth+as+n./adj.把视为，接受2. that-clause 承认315. 21、worth与worthy1. n.值多少钱 of sth值得，配得上316. be worth+ be worthy + of being值得做a) doing 值得的 to be done值得做317. 22、 a.have sb doing 使某人做某事，表动作一直进行 i. b.have sb do 使某人做某事，表动作完成或可能发生ii. c.have sth to do 有某事要做，have意为“有，拥有”iii. d. have sth done 使某事被做，done表被动动作318. 23、表“许多大量”的几个词组：i. a great/good many b) a large/great/good number of +可数名词 i. a good few/quite fewii. many aiii. a great/good deal ofiv. a large/great amount of +不可数名词v. quite a littlevi. a lot of/lots ofvii. a large/great quantity of +可数名词或viii. large quantities of 不可数名词ix. plenty ofx. 24、keep doing sth.一直干，后跟状态性动词1. keep on doing sth.反复干，强调动作的重复xi. 25、It isfor sb to do sth1. It isthat-clausexii. 26、happenxiii. 主（人）+happens+to doxiv. It(形主) +（so）happen +that-clausexv. 27、allow(vt.)xvi. a. allow+ 名/形 b. allow+含有不定式的复合宾语xvii. c. allow+动名词 d. allow+sb.+介词短语/副词xviii. 28、连系动词的分类：1. 变化类：become,go,get,grow,fall,turn ect.2. 感官类：fell,smell,taste,look,sound ect.3. 显现类：appear,seem,look ect.4. 状态类：keep,stay,come,stand ect.xix. 29、though相当于however ,用于句末。xx. 30、动词+to构成的短语：xxi. look forward to盼望 turn to求助于，转向xxii. pay attention to注意 stick to坚持xxiii. get down to开始认干 object to反对xxiv. belong to属于 refer to涉及，谈到 xxv. point to指向 see to处理，料理xxvi. come to共计，苏醒 reply to答复xxvii. agree to同意 add to增加c) devoteto贡献给 compareto把比作319. 高一下学期语法重难点集汇320. 主谓一致a) 主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。一个句子中主谓一致，通常指三个基本原则：语法一致，即形式上一致；概念一致，即概念或意念上的一致；毗邻一致，即谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。b) 语法一致原则i. 在通常情况下，一个句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数形式，谓语也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也为复数形式。如：1. This exercise on English idioms is not easy.这个英语短语练习不容易。ii. 在“there be”结构中，“be”的单复数取决与后面主语的数.如：1. There has been little change in this city.这个城市没有多少变化。iii. 3、“one of”结构，位于用单数，“two of”结构位于用复数iv. One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。v. Two of the boys have lost their way home.有两个男孩回家迷路了。vi. 倒装句的主语在谓语之后，避免误用。1. Never before has she been to Paris!她以前从未去过巴黎。c) 概念一致i. 主语是抽象概念、短语或从句，谓语用单数形式。如：ii. To tell lies is wrong.说谎是不正确的。（不定式做主语）iii. Keeping the house is a tiring job.管理家务是一件很劳累的事。（动名词做主语）iv. How this happened is not clear to anyone.(从句做主语)v. 注意：321. 用what或which引导的主语从句或简单句中的数的概念取决于后面的表语，因为它们在逻辑上的意义是相同的。如：1. Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一个？a) Which are your seats?你们的座位是哪些？322. 单个的分词作主语，不定式作主语，以及主语从句，谓语都用单数，若用连接上述的相同两个成分，谓语才用复数。i. 两个或两个以上的主语用and和both连接时，谓语用复数形式。ii. and连接的并列主语指同一人或同一样东西，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语用单数；若有，则用复数。如：1. My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.我的密友兼顾问又改变他的想法了。2. My friend and the student Sue are in the classroom.我的朋友和那位叫苏的同学在教室里。b) 若and后面加not,谓语用单数。如：i. Lilei,and not I, has won the game.是 Lilei赢了比赛，而不是我。c) 用and 连接的单数主语，前面有each,every,many a,no等词修饰时，谓语用单数。d) 复数主语前加each,谓语仍用复数。e) no后面名词为单数，谓语用单数；后为复数，谓语用复数。f) 毗邻一致1. 由not onlybut also,neithernor,eitheror,or 连接的并列主语，在肯定句中谓语变化取决于后面的饿主语，在疑问句中取决于前面的主语。如；2. Either he or I am mistaken.他和我都没错。3. Either he or you are to go there.不是他就是你要到那儿去。g) （详见高一下册P155P156）323. 虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是事实。虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语动词的特殊形式来表现的，因此，掌握虚拟语气中的各种谓语动词的形式变化，是掌握虚拟语气的关键。b) 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法1. 虚拟语气用于简单句中，一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语动词要用原形。c) 虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法1. 在状语从句中的用法ii. 条件句中的用法 iii. 虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表现与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑，和直陈语气条件句中的谓语动词形式以及表达的含义完全不同。虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等，只表示不同的虚拟语气，和直陈语气的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等毫无关系。iv. 现将虚拟语气的各种具体形式和用法分述如下；a) 表示与现在事实相反的情况d) 形式324. 条件从句的动词形式325. 主句的动词形式326. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）327. I (we) should328. You (he,she , +动词原形或：329. they,it ) would 330. 所有人称+might(could)+动词原形331. 用法：a) If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )b) If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)c) If they didnt take physical exercises every day, they wouldnt be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)a) 表示与过去誓死相反的情况d) 形式；332. 条件从句的动词形式333. 主句的动词形式334. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过去分词335. I (we) should336. You (he,she , +have+过去分词或：337. they,it ) would 338. 所有人称+could(might)+have+过去分词339. 用法：a) I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterdays examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterdays exam, so I didnt check my paper again)b) You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didnt see the doctor in good time ,so he hasnt recovered from his illness ) a) 表示与将来事实相反的情况340. 形式：341. 条件从句的动词形式342. 主句的动词形式343. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）通常要与一个表将来的时间的状语连用344. If (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should345. +动词原形346. c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+动词原形347. I (we) should348. You would +动词原形或：349. he(she,it ) would 350. they would351. I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+动词原形352. 用法：a) If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)b) If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)c) If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)d) If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形，表示 下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”)353. 混合时间条件句的用法：i. 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的 时间不一致。这时动词的形式，应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。b) If she hadnt trained so hard, she wouldnt be run so fast.（从句叙述过去，主句叙述现在。） i. （fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.）ii. You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在，从句叙述过去) iii. （fact: You didnt practice (hasnt practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you cant speak English well enough.）iv. 在其他状语从句中的用法c) 主要用于由as if (as though) 引导的比较状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式（be 变were ）或had +过去分词。”i. 如：ii. She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病，在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳)iii. Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的 英语说得好)iv. （2）、在主语从句中的用法：v. 通常由形式主语it引出的主语从句来表达。主语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”；表示“必要”“重要”“奇怪”等意思。vi. It is necessary that you should clean the workshop after work.下班后你必须清扫车间。vii. It is important that we should ask advice of other people about our work.在工作中，征求别人的意见是很重要的。354. 在宾语从句中的用法（详见高一上学期英语语法重难点集汇） 1.