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必修4Unit 2Working the land 要 点 梳 理 高效梳理知识备考重点单词1struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力2output n产量；输出3hunger n饥饿；欲望hungry adj.饥饿的；有欲望的4expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n扩大；增加5circulate vt. & vi.循环；流传circulation n循环流通6battle n战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt. & vi.搏斗；奋斗7therefore adv.因此；所以；因而8equip vt. & vi.配备；装备equipment n设备(不可数)9export vt. & vi.输出；出口import vt. & vi.输入；入口；进口10nationality n国籍nation n国家；民族national adj.国家的；国有的11occupation n工作；职业；占领occupy vt.占领12confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难confusing adj.令人迷惑的confused adj.感到迷惑的confusion n迷惑13regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n遗憾；懊悔regretful adj.后悔的14chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的chemistry n化学chemist n化学家；药剂师15bacteria n(bacterium的复数形式)细菌16reduce vt.减少；缩减；简化reduction n缩小；减少17summary n总结；摘要；概要summarize vt.总结18comment n评论；议论 vi. & vt.表达意见；作出评论重点短语1thanks to幸亏；由于2rid.of 摆脱；除去3be satisfied with 对感到满意4would rather 宁愿；宁可5build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发6lead to 导致；造成7focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于8keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)； 使不含(有害物)9make a difference 造成差异，很重要10keep in mind 牢记在心11cause damage to 对造成危害12in addition 再者，还有13turn to 转向重点句型1Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。2This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce onethird more of the crop in the same fields.这种特别的稻种使得同样的田地多收获1/3的产量。3Using his hybrid rices, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。4He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。高考范文(2009重庆卷)国外某网站将举办新一轮网上讲座活动，正面向全球中学生征集话题。假设你是新华中学的学生李华，经常访问该网站。现请你用英文给该网站发送一封电子邮件，向其推荐话题。内容包括：自我简介写信目的话题：我们应该感恩(thankful)推荐的理由预祝活动成功注意：1. 词数100左右。2. 邮件中不能出现本人真实信息。范文Dear Editor， I am Li Hua, a student from Xinhua Middle School, and in my spare time I often visit your website, from which I know that you are collecting topics for discussion. Being interested in it, Id like to recommend my topic, which is “We Should Be Thankful”. As you know, we middle school students, the new generation, who were born in the early 1990s, have been growing up with so much love from others. Some of us always take it for granted that our parents, grandparents and teachers should take care of us. Needless to say, we seldom think of others feelings. Therefore, I hope by discussing this topic, we can learn to thank those who always give us their selfless love.Wish your activity a success.Yours，Li Hua考 点 探 究 互动探究能力备考.词汇短语过关1struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎n斗争；挣扎struggle with/against 与搏斗/斗争struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取struggle through 奋力通过struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事with a struggle 费劲地即学即练1(1)They had to _ _ their lives _ weather and wild animals.为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。(2)They had to _ _ all kinds of difficulties.他们得和各样的困难作斗争。(3)She _ _ _ _ _ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。struggleforagainststrugglewith / againststruggledtoget awayfrom(4)_ _ _ _， the old woman gained control of her business.经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。 Afteralongstruggle2expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的expand into/to 使扩大，变大expand on/upon 阐述，详谈即学即练2(1)Metals _ when they are heated.金属受热会膨胀。(2)Weve _ _ _ by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _.我把问题重复了一遍，等着她进行充分阐述。expandexpandedthebusinessexpand3. therefore adv.(as a result of that)因此；所以即学即练3He was very tired and _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired. _ he fell sound asleep.He was very tired, _ he fell sound asleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。thereforeThereforeso提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句。4equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n. U装备；设备equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth. 装备有某物a piece of equipment 一件设备即学即练4(1)Our classroom _ _ _ a TV set and a tape recorder.我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。(2)A good education should _ _ _ _.良好的教育能使你受用终生。(3)Our school has been given _ _ _.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。 isequippedwithequipyouforlifesomenewequipment5regret v&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝to ones regret 令人遗憾的是feel regretful for.对感到后悔express regret for/at/over sth. 对表示遗憾regretn./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事regretthatclause 后悔，遗憾regret to say/tell/inform. 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知Its much to be regretted that. 令人遗憾的是即学即练5(1)He regretted _ _ careless.He regretted _ _ _ _ careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。(2)I regret _ _ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。(3)_ _ _ _， I must leave now.令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard _ _ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。havingbeenthathehadbeentoinformMuchtomyregretwithregret6focus n(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点v(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦be in focus 焦距对准；清晰be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上focus sth. on (upon) sth.fix.on.使集中于be focused on/upon sth.be fixed on 集中于即学即练6(1)The _ _ my camera isnt working properly.我照相机上的调焦装置有毛病。(2)Her beauty makes her _ _ _ _.她长得漂亮，很惹人注意。(3)We should _ _ _ _ our study.我们应该把注意力放在学习上。(4)She felt all the eyes _ _ _ her.她觉得所有人都在注视着她。focusonthefocusofattentionfocusourattentiononwerefocusedon7reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化reduce ones expenditure 减少某人的开支be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce to. 降至reduce by. 减少了即学即练7(1)He persuaded them to _ the price _ $1 000.他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。(2)Production costs have _ _ _ one third.生产成本下降了1/3。(3)The fire _ the forest _ a few trees.大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。reducetobeenreducedbyreducedto8comment vt.评论 n评论，意见，议论ask for comment 征求意见make comments on sth.评论某事No comment. 无可奉告。Without comment. 不必多说。comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对发表意见comment(v.)thatclause评论即学即练8(1)Have you any _ _ the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？(2)It created _ _ in the press.这引起报界广泛的评论。(3)He made some useful _ _ my work.他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。 (4)He _ that it was an excellent film.他评论这部电影很精彩。commentsonwidecommentcommentsoncommented9thanks to 由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末)because of 因为；由于owing to 由于，因之缘故as a result of 作为的结果，由于due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)on account of 由于；因为即学即练9(1)_ _ Jims warning, we avoided the accident.多亏吉姆的提醒，我们避免了一场事故。(2)I couldnt attend the meeting _ _ illness.我因病不能出席会议。(3)The delay was _ _ power failure.延滞是由于停电。Thankstoowingtodueto10rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使摆脱be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事be free of. 摆脱即学即练10(1)One day we will manage to _ _ _ _ this terrible disease.总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。(2)You must _ _ _ these oldfashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。(3)Well have to _ _ _ him.我们必须摆脱他。(4)How can we _ _ _ all the flies in the kitchen?我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉？ridtheworldofridyourselfofgetridofgetridof11be satisfied with 对感到满意be satisfied that. 满意be satisfied to do 乐意干satisfy vt.满意；使满意satisfied adj. 感到满意的satisfying adj. 令人满意的satisfactory adj. 令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意，满足即学即练11(1)I _ the result.我对那个结果很满意。(2)My parents try to _.我父母尽量满足我的需求。(3)There was _ on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(4)_，my boss agreed to my suggestion.很使我满意的是，老板同意了我的建议。was satisfied withsatisfy my needsa satisfied lookMuch to my satisfaction12lead to 通向，导致，致使leadn.to sth. 引导到lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事即学即练12(1)The bank has offered a reward for any information _ the arrest of the men.银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。(2)What _ acting as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？leading toled you to take up提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。(2)lead to 不用被动语态。(3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (result from) 是前果后因。13keep.free from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等)使不含(有害物)free from 没有，免于，无之忧free of 无的；免于的，离开了的free sb./sth. from. 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放for freefree of charge 免费地，无偿地be free to do sth. 自由地做某事be free with sb. 对某人放肆free as the air 自由自在set sb. free 释放某人即学即练13(1)_ the table _ dirt by putting a cover over it.用个东西把桌子罩住，免得灰尘落在上面。(2)The lake _ pollution.这湖没有污染。(3)The secretary _ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。(4)Try to _ all prejudices.尽量消除一切偏见。Keepfree fromis free ofwas free fromfree yourself from.重点句型详解1Dr Yuan Longping grows what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。what is called super hybrid rice用做grows的宾语从句，为一名词性从句，也可称为whatclause；而且what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the名词定语从句”。After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。We now live in what is called the Information Age.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。He graduated from what was called a key high school.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。即境活用1(1)(2008浙江卷)Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.Awhat BthatCwhich Done答案：A解析：句意：一些孩子想学习一门不同于家中父母所讲的语言来挑战自我。what引导名词性从句，在句中做from的宾语。(2)A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.Awhat BwhichCthat Dwhere答案：A解析：该句意为：一座现代化的城市在十年前是一片废墟的地方建立起来。2He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。(1)would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。Shall we dine out?Id rather stay at home.我们要不要出去吃饭？我宁愿留在家里。Id rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人。(2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。I would rather listen to others than talk myself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。(3)would rather have done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气。I would rather have taken his advice yesterday.我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。(4)would rather 后接 that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。I would rather (that) he didnt come.我宁愿他没来。Id rather you told me the truth.我更愿意你给我讲实话。即境活用2(1)Would you mind my using your computer for a little while?_.ANo, please dont BId rather you didntCIm afraid not DSure, its my pleasure答案：B解析：考查交际用语。Id rather you didnt. 常用来委婉拒绝别人的请求。(2)I would rather _ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.Anot have watched Bnot watchChadnt watched Dhavent watched答案：A解析：考查 would rather (not)have done 意为“宁愿(未)做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾。易 错 点 拨 自我完善误区备考1.expand/extend/spread/stretch(1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。(2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。(3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。(4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。应用1(1)The cat _ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。(2)The hot weather _ to October.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。(3)As children grow older they _ their interests and become more confident.随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。stretchedextendedexpand (4)The fire soon _ to the nearby buildings.火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。spread2. would rather的用法应用2(1)Did you say anything at the meeting?Yes, but _ it.AId rather not doBId rather not doingCId rather not have doneDId rather not did答案：C解析：would rather not have done，表示“宁愿没有做，而实际上做了”。(2)Would you rather _ there tomorrow?No. Id rather he _ there instead of me.Ato go; will go Bgo; wentCgo; will go Dgoing; shall go答案：B解析：Would you rather do sth.？“你愿意做吗？”因此第一个空要用动词原形；第二个空要用虚拟语气，即would rather sb. did sth.“宁愿别人做”。(3)Will you join us in playing cards?Thank you, but _ at the moment.AId like to not BIm afraid soCId rather not DId better not to答案：C解析：A项中的not要放在to前才对；B项中的so要改为I cant才对；D项中的to应去掉才对。(4)The final exam is coming. Would you mind my staying up late, going over my lessons?Id rather you _. With the light on, I cant fall asleep.Adont BdidntCwont Dhavent答案：B解析：“would rather从句”时，从句的谓语动词用过去时，选B。高 效 作 业 自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1They asked so many questions that I got c_.2Metals e_ when they are heated.3The people there are fighting to gain their f_ from foreign control.4We are not doing a c_ experiment but a physical one.5India e_ tea and cotton to many different countries.confusedexpandfreedomchemicalexports6Now, people in the south grow a lot of rice that has a high _ (产量)7This kind of food contains all the _ (营养) our body needs.8People in the area were ground down by _ (饥饿) and poverty.9They have sold up ten bottles of _ (矿泉) water in the afternoon.10We should make a _(总结) of the results of the exam briefly.outputnutritionhungermineralsummary .单项选择1(2010华师大附中)How long have these archaeologists stayed in this village?Not long, just _ this Monday.Aon BuntilCafter Dsince答案：D解析：考查介词。依据问句可知是现在完成时，而A、B、C三个选项都不能与现在完成时连用，只有since与过去时间点连用时用现在完成时，故D正确。2The policemans _ traffic directions made all the drivers quite _.Aconfused; confused Bconfusing; confusingCconfusing; confused Dconfused; confusing答案：C解析：confusing “令人迷惑的”，多修饰物；confused “感到迷惑的”，多修饰人。3Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice!Ato take BtakingCnot to take Dnot taking答案：D解析：考查regret 的用法。 regret to do 遗憾要做某事，regret doing 后悔做了某事。题意为“我经常后悔没有听取他的建议”。4If I ruled the world I would _ the world _ wars, killers and everything else that is bad.Aget rid of; by Bbe rid of; byCrid; of Dget rid; of答案：C解析：考查 rid.of.“使摆脱”。5(2010安徽皖南八校二联)One primary goal of UNESCO is to _ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.Amake up Bpolish upCbuild up Dtake up答案：C解析：考查动词短语辨析。build up建立；take up从事；polish up改善，润色；make up弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化妆。句意：建立现代化的知识社会，让所有的人都能参与信息与知识，是联合国教科文组织的主要目标之一。6Through determination, she had learned to read and write and _ to become part of the leadership of the village.Aappeared BstruggledChesitated Dfailed答案：B解析：struggle to do sth. 意为“努力做某事”。7(2010南昌二中)On the bank of the river, we found him _ on a beach, with his eyes _ on a kite in the sky.Aseated; fixing Bsitting; fixingCseated; being fixed Dsitting; fixed答案：D解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空用seated或sitting作宾补，第二空是with复合结构，由fix ones eyes on sth可知应用过去分词fixed。 8How does Alma like her new job?She _ with the hours.Acant satisfy Bisnt satisfiedCdoesnt satisfy Dhasnt satisfied答案：B解析：be satisfied with 对感到满意。satisfy vt. “使满意”，主语是物，宾语是人。9(2010山西太原五中)The falling of the new building _ its soft base.Aresulted in Bsuffered fromCled to Dlay in答案：D解析：考查短语辨析。语意：新楼的倒塌在于根基不牢。此处lie in表示“(原因)在于”。A项与C项的意思基本相同，表示“导致”，B项表示“遭受”，都不符合语意。10He had to take the medicine three times a day, so as to be_pain in the leg.Afar from Baway fromCapart from Dfree from答案：D解析：be free from “免除，摆脱”； far from“远离” ；be away from “离开”；apart from “除了”。句意为“他不得不每天吃三次药，为的是摆脱腿部的疼痛”。11Much of the farm is under water; _ the grain, most of that has been ruined.Aowing to Bthanks toCas for Das with答案：C解析：句意：农场大部分被水淹了；至于谷物，大部分已被毁了。A.由于；B.幸亏，由于；C.至于；D.与一样。12He was very busy, and _ he didnt go to the party that night.Ahowever BotherwiseCtherefore Danyhow答案：C解析：however然而；otherwise否则；therefore因此；anyhow不管怎样。13The population of Africa is _ so rapidly as to cause concern of the whole world.Aexpanding BstretchingCextending Dspreading答案：A解析：expand 不仅指尺寸增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。stretch指由曲变直、由短变长；extend指空间范围的扩大或长宽的向外延伸，也指时间的延长；spread 指向四面八方扩大或传播。14China has successfully sent up the Shenzhou spacecraft into the sky _ with devices of sophisticated science and technology.Aequipped BequippingCto be equipped Dhaving been equipped答案：A解析：be equipped with “装备有”，句中equipped 为过去分词做后置定语。15Did you scold the boy for his mistakes?Yes, but _ it.AId rather not doBId not better doCId rather not to have doneDId rather not have done答案：D解析：考查 would rather的用法。would rather (not) have done 表示遗憾，“宁愿(未)做某事”。 .完形填空 It was a normal Monday morning at an assembly, and the old headmaster was addressing the students on important things in life and about _1_ ourselves to what is important to us. This is how the story went： An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the _2_. He would get the train right to Central London, and then sit at the street corner and _3_. He would do this every single day of his life. He sat at the same street corner and begged for almost 20 years. His house was filthy (肮脏的), and a stench came out of the house and it smelled _4_ . The neighbors could not _5_ the smell anymore, so they summoned the police officers to _6_ the place. The officers _7_ down the door and cleaned the house. There were small bags of _8_ all over the house that he had _9_ over the years. The police counted the money, and they soon realized that the old man was a _10_. They waited outside his house in anticipation (预料) to _11_ the good news with him. When he arrived home that evening, he was met by one of the officers who told him that there was no _12_ for him to beg any more as he was a rich man now, a millionaire. He said _13_ at all; he went into his house and locked the door. The next morning he woke up as usual, went to the street and continued to beg._14_， this old man had no great plans, dreams or anything _15_ for his life. We learn nothing from this story other than staying _16_ the things we enjoy doing, commitment. We should remain true to our course, which may mean devoting yourselves to things that people around you would _17_ disapprove. Let nothing distract us from being happy; let nothing else determine our fate, but _18_ .What makes us happy is what _19_ in the end.not what we acquire (获得) This particular story is one such lesson that I will never forget. Every time I dont concentrate on course, I get _20_ of this story.1A. attracting B. agreeing C. believing D. devoting2A. street B. factory C. subway D. airport3A. beg B. wait C. attempt D. evaluate4A. pleasant B. horrib C. endless D. seriou
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