高中形容词、副词.doc

比较级与最高级：1原级的构成和用法 1)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词，副词的原形 2)用法：表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用“ as 十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“ not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构；3). (1) 表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构This garden is as as that one(三倍大)This room is as as that one（两倍大）(2)half as+形容词原级+as表示“的一半”。如：This book is half as thick as that one4).注意几个词组1. as good as几乎已经，实际上等于，和几乎一样 He is as good as dead.他跟死了一样。 The second hand geography book is as good as new. 这本二手地理书几乎还是新的。2. as soon as一就 Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Beijing. 一到北京，请通知我们一声。As soon as she got home, she began cooking. 她一到家就开始做饭。3. as much / many as多达，达到之多，实际上等于，差不多 Some of the stones even weigh as much as fifteen tons. 有些石块甚至重达15吨。The number of people who lost homes reaches as many as 250,000. 失去家园的人数多达25万。That”s as much as to say he was a thief. 那无异于说他曾是个小偷。4. as far as就而言，尽As far as I know, he”ll be away for three months. 就我所知，他将离开三个月。We will help you as far as we can. 我们会尽力帮助你。5. as long as只要You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你去哪儿都可以，只要你在天黑前返回。You will be happy as long as I am living. 只要我活着，你就会幸福。6. as often as每当，每次As often as he came, he would stay with us for a time. 每次他来，总要和我们呆上一阵子。The boy always says hello to me as often as I meet him. 每次我遇见那个小男孩，他总是向我问好。7. as well as和，同，既又，不仅而且My parents as well as my elder brother enjoy music. 我父母亲和我哥哥都喜欢音乐。He is clever as well as hard working. 他不仅努力工作而且聪明。8. asas possible / one can尽可能，尽（某人）所能Please sweep the floor as clean as possible. 请把地打扫得尽可能干净。I”ll get back as soon as I can.9.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如: He becomes and (越来越胖)10.The+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。如：The he is，the he feels他越忙就越高兴。 2比较级和最高级的构成和用法 1)比较级和最高级的构成： 单音节形容词以及少数以- er，- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er”，“ est”例如： great greater greatest narrow narrower narrowest fast faster fastest clever cleverer cleverest 以 e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以- ble，- ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加“ r”，“ st”.例如： large larger largest able abler ablest simple simpler simplest 以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“ er”，“ est”.例如： hot hotter hottest 以辅音加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加 ly构成的副词要将 y改为 i，再加“ er”，“est”，例如： easy easier easiest early earlier earliest happy happier happiest 一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加 more或most例如： beautiful more beautiful most beautiful carefully more carefully most carefully 少数单音节形容词也加 more和 most构成比较级和最高级。例如： tired more tired most tired pleased more pleased most pleased 下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法 cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most cruel often oftener oftenest more often most often strict stricter strictest more strict most strict friendly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly 下列形容词，副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则 good，well better best bad, ill worse worst many，much more most little less least far farther farthest further furthest old elderolder eldest oldest2)比较级的用法双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”的结构表示例如： This pen is better than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示例如： This room is less beautiful than that one表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰例如： He works even harder than before 注意：英语的比较级前如无 even，still，或 yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如： She is better than she was yesterday她比昨天好些了 Please come earlier tomorrow 请明天早点来注意：by far通常用于强调最高级用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the”如 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语)，the 十比 较级(主语十谓语)”的结构例如： The harder he works，the happier he feels不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构例如： The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than(这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等例如： He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如： The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：A) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B例如； The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍)B) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc) as B例如： Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)C) A is three(four，etc) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc) than B例如：Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大) 用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数表示两倍可以用 twice或 double3)最高级的用法 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“ the十最高级”的结构表示这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语例如： Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three He works (the) hardest in his class. 最高级可被序数词以及 much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by farmuchnearlyalmostnot nearlyby no means/not quitenothing like the biggest How much did the second most expensive hat coat? 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略 He is the tallest(boy) in his class 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词例如 0f all the boys he came(the) earliest典型例题: 1） - Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。 3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案：D。 比较级最高级小结：形容词的比较级和最高级说 明例 词一般情况加er, estsmaller,smallest以e 结尾加r,stlarger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est以辅音字母+y 结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest以ow,er结尾的双音节词加er ,estnarrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词加more mostmore beautiful,most important副词的比较级和最高级1大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。2少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级比较级 最高级good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest,furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest比较级和最高级的常用句型 名称句型 例句相等as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as )The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+原形 as )She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越the +比较级+of the two两者中较 的一个He is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比较级+than 和一样不He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。用于否定最不过His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越)higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越）The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最）Of all things in the world, people are the precious.比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于more +可数名词前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the world.Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .当堂练习：一 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_ -_ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_ 二。用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive) 三。选择填空： 1 He feels _ today than yesterday. A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired 2. Which do you like _, coffee, tea or milk? A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst 3. Of the two toys, the child chose_. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them 4. The line is _ than that one. A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 5. The earth is _ the moon. A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times 6. The book is _ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 7. She looks _ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older 8. The garden is becoming _. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler 9. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _. A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better C. fastest and better D. faster and better 10._ hurry, _speed. A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little 11. This kind of coffee is different _. A. and it is also better B. and better than the other C. but also than others D. from the other, and better 四。翻译句子： 1 本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one. 2 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ _ your brother. 3 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday. 4 这个故事比那个故事有趣得多。This story is _ _ _ than that one. 5 他比我大两岁。He is _ _ _ than I. 6 这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _ _ _ than that one. 7 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _ _ _ every day. 8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English. 9.他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _ he gets. 10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。Your question is _ _ _ of two. 课后作业：1. John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer2. The students are_ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. A. such an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. a so interesting4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a single day. A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many5. The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as6. The story sounds_ . A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true7. Id been expecting _ letters the whole morning, but there werent _ for me. A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but_ . A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good11. -Can I help you? -Well, Im afraid the box is_ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. A. so B. much C. very D. too12.-Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office? -Im sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago. A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less14. Oh, John. _ you gave me! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise15. -How did you find your visit to museum? -I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting16. Canada is larger than _ country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. other D. another17. Those oranges taste_ . A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well18. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much19. _ food youve cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice20. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes_ . A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening22. -Are you feeling _?-Yes, I m fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better23. Which is_ country, Canada or Australia? A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger24. -Will you give this message to Mr. White, please? -Sorry, I cant. He _. A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer here work C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer25. How can you finish the drawing? A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid26. _ terrible weather weve been having these days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What27. It takes a long time to go there by train. Its_ by road. A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker28. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is29. She doesnt speak_ her friends, but her written work is excellent. A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as30. -Mum, I think Im_ to get back to school. -Not really, My dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough31. -If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. -OK, but do you have size_ in blue? This ones a bit tight for me. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger32. John plays footbal_ , if not better than, Davi. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as33. We all write_ ,even when theres net much to say. A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less34. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if35. If there were no examinations, we should have _at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time36. -Have you finished your report yet? -No, Ill finish in_ ten minutes. A. another B. other C. more D. less37. -Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. -Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a38. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,_ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever39. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _. A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice41. Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two42. -How was your recent visit to Qingdao? -It was great. We visited some friends, and spent _the days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last43. Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such44. Wait till you are more_ .Its better to be sure than sorry. A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most46._ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave47. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) _ trick. A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple49. It is generally believed that teaching is_ it is a science. A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as50.-Im very _with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. -Mm, it does have a _smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest语法复习十五：形容词和副词1C原题中的three sisters这一信息词语暗示考生要用最高级的形式。clever的最高级有两种：the most clever，the cleverest2Cmostly是副词，意思是：主要地，修饰整个句子。用most时应为most of the students；用almost通常说almost all+n.3Asuch与so修饰名词时可这样使用。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数so many/few十可数名词复数 so much/little+不可数名词4Afew修饰可数名词的复数；much修饰不可数名词。5DA、C项是语法错误。asas之间不能用比较级形式。B项也是语法错误，than前没有比较级，把than变成as就对了。实际上not asas=not more than6Dsound是听起来的意思。它是系动词，其后接形容词做表语。类似的系动词还有look seem taste smell fell7Asome常用在肯定句中，而any常用在否定、疑问和条件句中。8Cgrain是不可数名词。A项是语法错误，asas之间用原级，B项f