北师大版高中英语知识概要与语法总结(必修1-8)

高中课本知识分布 必修一 1 共有三个单元 2 各单元知识点 第一单元 一般现在时 现在进行时 be going to 第二单元 一般过去时 过去进行时 现在完成时 第三单元 被动语态 情态动词 3 全书单词数量为 204 个 词组数量为 44 个 必修二 1 共有三个单元 2 各单元知识点 第四单元 一般将来时 will 和 be going to 的区别 真实条件句和虚拟条件句 让步状语从 句 第五单元 原因 结果 目的状语从句 第六单元 表示时间 地点 动作的介词 定语从句 冠词 3 全书单词数量为 229 个 词组数量为 23 个 必修三 1 共有三个单元 2 各单元知识点 第七单元 关系副词 介词 which 引导的定语从句 形容词的比较级 第八单元 限制性和非限制性定语从句 静态动词和动态动词 第九单元 现在完成进行时态 现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态 3 全书单词数量为 262 个 词组数量为 40 个 必修四 1 共有三个单元 2 各单元知识点 第十单元 不定代词和动词不定式 第十一单元 被动语态 动名词作主语 宾语 表语 定语 第十二单元 跟动名词或不定式作宾语的动词 现在分词作副词 作表语 定语 宾语补 足语 3 全书单词数量为 330 个 词组数量为 24 个 高一共计单词 1025 词组 131 必修五 1 共有三个单元 2 各单元知识点 第十三单元 过去分词在句中可作形容词或副词用 修饰名词 在句中作定语 宾语补足 语或表语 第十四单元 情态动词表示推测 第十五单元 虚拟语气 3 全书单词数量为 313 个 词组数量为 25 个 高二共计单词 1273 词组 130 个 高中共计单词 2298 词组 261 北师大版高中英语语法总结 必修一 选修八 必修一 一 present simple and present continuous 一般现在是和现在进行时 1 present simple 反复进行的 经常性的动作 惯例习惯 Eg He watches soap operas 及状态 I live in Budapest 一般现在时常和下列时间状语连用 always usually from time to time twice a week rarely seldom once a month never 2 现在进行时 说话时正在进行的动作 现在 此刻 一定时间段内经常进行的动作 和现在进行时连用的时间状语有 just now at the moment at present 二 future arrangements and intentions 将来的安排和打算 1 be going to 表示打算要做的事情 2 现在进行时表示已经确定或安排好事情 Eg I m getting married in June 3 一般现在是表示不可改变的官方活动或时间表 The summer term begins on the 15th of February 三 past simple and past continues 1 psat simple 一般过去时 表示过去完成的动作或过去的情境和习惯 Eg She climb the stairs and went to her room 用一般过去时要在规则动词词尾加 ed 或用不规则动词的过去式 一般过去式的疑问句和 否定句用 did 和 didn t 加动词原形 2 past continuous 过去进行时 过去某段时间正在进行的动作形成某些事件发生的情境动作 Eg It was raining during the whole match 当过去进行时和一般过去时出现在同一个句子中时 过去进行时描述故事发生的背景 儿一 般过去时则报道该事件 Eg We driving along a country lane when suddenly a car drove past us Form 过去进行时的结构是 主语 was were 动词 ing 形式 Eg The driver was sitting behind the wheel 四 present perfect and past simple 现在完成时和一般过去式 现在完成时表示发生在过去 的事情对现在依然有明显的影响 发生在过去的动作但是不知道动作发生的时间或对动作发生的确切时间不感兴趣 现在完成时经常和下列时间状语连用 Before ever never already and yet already 用于肯定句 yet 用于疑问句和否定句 Venus and Serena have played each other before 重要的事他们过去进行了比赛 但是何时比赛 并不重要 现在完成时 Venus and Serena have played each other in June 1999 我们知道此事发生的确切时间 一般 过去时 五 The passive 被动语态 在下列情况下使用被动语态 1 不知道耶不需要知道谁做的这件事 2 动作的执行者 显而易见 3 动作本身比动作执行者更重要或不想指出谁做的这件事 4 在书面语特别是在科技报告 报刊文章中被动语态比主动语态更正式 Form Tense 时态 form 形式 past 一般现在时 am is are past participle 过去分词 现在进行时 am is are being pp 现在完成时 have has been pp 一般过去时 was were pp 过去进行时 was were being pp 六 have to not have to can can t ought to ought not to uses 用法 have to 用来表示义务责任 You have to pass your test before you can drive Don t have to 表达不必 We don t have to wear uniforms at our school Can 用来表示允许或请求许可或者表示某事可能发生 You can buy CDs at the market Can t 表示禁止或不可能 You can t go out tonight Ought to 表示应该做某事 You ought to visit your grandparents this weekend Ought not to 表示不应该做某事 You ought not to walk alone at night Form 形式 can can t have to not have to 及 ought to ought not to 后用动词原形 现在完成时 一般现在时 一般过去时 很多语言都有现在完成时态 因此常将它和一般现在时混淆 在英语中 用现在完成时描述 发生在过去但对现在又影响的事件 如果涉及到过去某时间 则要用一般过去时 如果过去事件的确切时间或日期不重要 也可以用现在完成时 必修二 一 will 和 be going to 表示推测揣想 1 Will 动词原形表示依据直觉知识经验等做出的揣测 二 first conditional 真实条件句 A 表示依据其他将来事件将来有可能发生的事件 If the rain stops the match will begin 句型是 if clause main clause if present simple will won t infinitive without to 也可能用其他句型 特别是使用情态动词时 If you have time we can go for a walk this evening B 建议或命令某人做某事 提出建议或请求 If you feel sleepy go to bed 句型是 If clause main clause If present simple imperative 祈使句 三 second conditional 虚拟条件句 A 虚拟条件句 1 表示想象的将来不可能发生的事 If I become an MP I d fight for animals rights 2 现在不可能存在的状态 If I lived closer to school I wouldn t have to get up so early 句型是 If clause main clause If past simple would could might infinitive without to 虚拟语气用法详解 英语中的语气分为陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气三类 在表示虚假的 与事实相反的 或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气 表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时 也用虚拟语气 即当一 个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法 愿望 假想 猜测 怀疑或建议 而 不是根据客观实际 就用虚拟语气 一 条件句中的虚拟语气 1 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件 主句会产生的一种不可能获得 的结果 条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式 时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 将来 动词过去式 be 用 were should 动词原形 were to 动词原形 would should might could 动 词原形 现在 动词过去式 be 用 were would should might could 动 词原形 过去 had 动词过去分词 would should might could have 动词过去分词 2 条件中的虚拟语气的举例 1 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气 如 If he should go to Qing Hua University he would make full use of his time 如果他要上清华大学 的话 他就会充分利用他的时间了 If he were to come here he would tell us about it 如果他要来的话 他会通知我们一声 2 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气 如 If he were free he would help us 要是他有空的话 它会帮助我们的 If he studied at this school he would know you well 如果他在这所学校学习的话 它会对你很 熟悉 3 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气 如 If I had seen the film I would have told you about it 我如果看过这场电影 我会把电影内容告 诉你了 If I had got there earlier I would have met Mr Li 如果我早点到那儿 我就会会到了李先生 3 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时 须注意的几个问题 1 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时 谓语动词若是系动词 be 时 可用 was 代替 were 但 在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you as it were 中 只能用 were 如 Were I ten years younger I would study abroad 要是我还年轻十岁的话 我会去国外学习 If I were you I would try my best to grasp the chance 要是我是你的话 我要尽力抓住这次机 会 2 有时 虚拟条件句中 主 从句的动作若不是同时发生时 须区别对待 从句的动作与过去事实相反 而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符 如 If I had worked hard at school I would be an engineer too 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话 我现 在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us we would not come here now 如果他们通知过我们的话 我们现在就 不会来这里了 从句的动作与现在事实相反 而主句的动作与过去事实不符 如 If he were free today we would have sent him to Beijing 如果他今天有空的话 我们会已经派 他去北京了 If he knew her he would have greeted her 要是他认识她的话 他肯定会去问候她了 从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反 而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反 如 If it had not been raining too much the crops would be growing much better 如果天不下太多的 雨的话 庄家会长得更好 If he had been working hard he would be working in the office now 要是他工作一直努力的话 他现在已进了办公室了 3 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were should had 时 if 可省略 而将 were should had 等 词置于句首 如 Should he agree to go there we would send him there 要是他答应去的话 我们就派他去 Were she here she would agree with us 如果她在这儿的话 她会同意我们的 Had he learnt about computers we would have hired him to work here 如果她懂一些电脑知识的 话 我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了 4 有时 句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件 而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断 如 I would have come to see you but I was too busy 我本该来看你了 然而我太忙了 But for his help we would be working now 要不是他的帮助 我们还会在工作呢 Without your instruction I would not have made such great progress 要是没有你的指导 我不 会取得如此大的进步 5 有时 虚拟条件句中 主 从句可以省略其中的一个 来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情 省略从句 He would have finished it 他本该完成了 You could have passed this exam 你应该会通过这次考试了 省略主句 If I were at home now 要是我现在在家里该多好啊 If only I had got it 要是我得到它了该多好啊 二 其他状语从句的虚拟语气 1 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 1 在 for fear that in case lest 引导的目的状语从句中 若用虚拟语气时 从句谓语为 should 动词原形 并且 should 不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in 她又把门检查了一遍 以防盗 贼的进入 He started out earlier lest he should be late 他很早就出发了以防迟到 2 在 so that in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中 从句中的谓语为 can may could might will would should 动词原形 如 from He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏 掉一个单词 2 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气 1 在 even if even though 所引导的让步状语从句中 可用虚拟语气 主句 从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同 如 Even if he were here himself he should not know what to do 即是他亲自来也不知该怎么办 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here 及时华佗再世也就不了他 2 在 whatever whichever whenever whoever wherever however no matter wh word 等 引导的让步状语从句中 从句虚拟语气结构为 may 动词原形 指现在或将来 如 We will finish it on time no matter what whatever may happen 不管发生什么事 我们都要按 时完成 We will find him wherever no matter where he may be 无论他在哪里 我们都要找到他 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come 不管他来的多么晚 我都会等他 may 完成式 指过去 主句结构不限 如 You mustn t be proud whatever no matter what great progress you may have made 不管你取得 了多么大的进步 你也不能骄傲 We must respect him no matter what whatever mistakes he may have made 不管他翻过什么错 误 我们必须尊敬他 3 在 though although 等引导的让步状语从句中 从句虚拟语气结构为 should 动词原形 主句结构不限 如 Although Though he should often be late he is a good student 尽管他经常迟到 他还是个好 学生 Although Though he should be secretary he must obey the rules 尽管他是书记 他也必须遵守 规定 3 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气 as if as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气 虚拟语气的结构为 表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构 发生在主句动作之前 had 过去分词 与主句动作同时发生 过去时 be 用 were 发生在主句动作之后 would could might should 原形动词 例如 They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就 好像他们已相互认识很久了 He coughed twice as if someone should come 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了 4 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气 amazed angry annoyed astonished disappointed frightened happy pleased proud sorry surprised upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结构为 should 原形动词 指现在或将来 如 He was angry that you should call him by name 他很生气 你竟然对他直呼其名 I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单 的问题 should 完成式 指过去 如 I m very sorry that you should have failed the exam 我很遗憾 你这次考试竟然失败了 I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday 我很吃惊 父亲竟指导 我昨天所作的事情 三 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1 英语中 如 advise ask demand desire decide insist 坚决要求 order propose request suggest 建议 表示请求 要求 命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气 起虚拟语气的结构为 should 原形动词 如 The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here 老师劝我们要好好地利 用在这儿的每一分钟 The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul 党要求我们要全心全意 地为人民服务 但是 当 insist 的意思为 坚决认为 坚持说 suggest 的意思为 表明 暗含 暗示等时 宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气 如 Tom insisted that he hadn t stolen the watch 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表 His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了 2 believe expect suspect think imagine 等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结构为 should 原形动词 如 Can you believe that he should kill a tiger 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎 Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest 你能想象得到他在 跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名 3 英语中 wish 之后的宾语从句 表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望 常用虚拟 语气 其虚拟语气的结构为 表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构 发生在主句动作之前 1 had 过去分词 2 would could might should have 过去 分词 与主句动作同时发生 过去时 be 用 were 发生在主句动作之后 would could might should 原形动词 例如 I wish I learnt English well 我希望我已学好了英语 I wish I had been there with them last week 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿 He wishes we could go and play games with him 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏 4 英语中 would rather had rather would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符 的一种愿望 故使用虚拟语气 起虚拟语气的结构为 表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构 过去 had 过去分词 现在 过去时 be 用 were 将来 过去时 be 用 were 例如 I d rather you had seen the film yesterday 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影 I d rather you were here now 我倒想你现在在这儿 We d rather you went here tomorrow 我么倒想你明天去那儿 四 主语从句中的虚拟语气 在表达惊异 惋惜 遗憾 理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气 其虚拟语其的结 构为 should 动词原形 主句中的谓语动词形式不限 句型 1 It is admirable dreadful extraordinary odd remarkable sad advisable annoying disappointing surprising upsetting frightening better best curious desirable important strange peculiar proper necessary natural that 2 It is a pity a shame no wonder that 3 It is suggested requested desired proposed that 4 It worries me that 如 It is important that we should do well in our lessons first 我们先把功课学好很重要 It is strange that he should not come 很奇怪 他竟没有来 It is a pity that we should not meet last night 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面 It worries me that we should be blamed for that 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼 五 表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气 英语中 表示请求 要求 命令 建议等名词 advice desire decision idea instruction order plan proposal recommendation request requirement suggestion wish 充当句子的主语而后面接 表语从句或它们后面接同位语时 表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气 其虚 拟语气的结构为 should 动词原形 如 We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help 我们接受了他的建议 我们应该 请求老师的帮助 from He told us his idea that he should go to university 他告诉了我们他的想法 他想上大学 His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心 些 Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown 他们的计划就是在家乡建一 座新工厂 六 定语从句中的虚拟语气 英语中 表示 早该做某事了 时 定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结 构为 It is high about time that 主语 动词的过去式 should 动词原形 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school 我该去学校接我的女儿了 It is high time you should go to work 你早该上班了 七 简单句中的虚拟语气 1 说话时 为了表示客气 谦虚 委婉而有礼貌 言语常使用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结 构形式常为 would could might should 原形动词 如 Would you mind my shutting the door 我把门关起来你介意吗 You should always learn this lesson by heart 你要把这个教训牢记于心 I should agree with you 我应该同意你的观点 2 表示 祝愿 时 常用 may 主语 动词原形 其他 如 May you have a good journey 祝你一路顺风 May your youth last for ever 祝你青春永驻 3 表示强烈的 愿望 祝愿 时 常用动词原形 如 Long live the Communist Party of China 中国共产党万岁 God bless us 上帝保佑 4 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气 1 提出请求或邀请 如 Would you like to have a talk with us this evening 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗 Could I use your bike now 我可以用一下你的单车吗 2 陈述自己的观点或看法 如 I should glad to meet you 见到你我会很高兴 I would try my best to help you 我会尽力帮助你 3 提出劝告或建议 如 You d better ask your father first 你最好先问一问你的父亲 You should make a full investigation of it first 你应该先全面调查一番 4 提出问题 如 Do you think he could get here on time 你认为他能按时来吗 Do you expect he would tell us the truth 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗 5 表示对过去情况的责备时 常用虚拟语气 其虚拟语气的结构为 情态动词 have 过去分词 如 You should have got here earlier 你应该早就到这里了 You should have returned it to him 你应该把他还给他了 四 sudden decision time clause referring to the future adverbial clause 突然决定 表示将来的 时间状语 状语从句 让步状语从句 说话瞬间突然做出决定 用 will 动词原形表示 表示将来的时间状语从句 在 when as soon as after before 引导的时间状语从句中用一般现 在时表将来 Adverbial clause of concession 让步状语从句 Although 和 though 可以引导让步状语从句 Although she doesn t enjoy her job she works hard 五 Adverbial clause 2 cause result and purpose 状语从句二原因 结果 目的状语从句 1 as since because 等连词可以引导原因状语从句 As I haven t studied I won t pass this exam 2 so that 可以引导目的状语从句 He is studying hard so that he can become a doctor 3 so that 或 such an 名词 that 可引导结果状语从句 It is so cold that the lake has frozen over 4 在 many much few little 前用 so 而不用 such Famous film stars earn so much money nowadays that they can choose who to work for 用 so lovely a boy 可代替 such a lovely boy 六 prepositions of time place and movement 表示时间 地点和动作的介词 Time 时间 after lunch at midnight at night at the movement before Christmas during the break in 1999 in April in the morning on Sunday on 1st April Place 地点 at home the bank the seaside above the lake below the clouds behind the tree between the bank and the park in Bake street in the box in the picture on the table bus first floor under the bridge over the table Movement 动作 across the park along the river in to the building to from Warsaw 七 Relative Clause 定语从句 1 定语从句可用来修饰 限定正在谈论的人或物 Students who go to this school 没有定语从句就不知道所谈的和人或何物 在定语从句中门要用下列关系代词 Who 有时用 that 用来指人 that 用来指代动物 Which that 用来指代物地点等 The park that is in the center of the town has beautiful big trees Where 用来指代位置和地点 whose 用来表示所属关系 若关系代词 which that 或 who 在定语从句中作宾语 而不做主语时 可以省略 The girl who you meet is Peter s sister 八 language problem solving a an the 在下列情况下用 a an 1 所谈论的事那个人或物并不重要时 2 所谈论的是一类人或物时 3 第一次谈论某人或物时 2 单词首字母为辅音前用 a 而首字母为元音或以元音发音的名词前用 an 3 在下列情况下用 the 1 所谈论的人或物是读者或听者已知晓的且易于辨认的 2 当所谈论的人或物时世界上独一无二的 用或不用冠词的短语 英语有许多短语中冠词的使用很难解释清楚 所以需要牢记 No article 零冠词 at home at school go to work go to bed have breakfast lunch in hospital 和 the 连用的短语 at the station to the cinema play the piano in the morning evening 和 a 连用的短语 have a bath shower have a rest have a cake have a drink 在国家和城镇名称前不用 the 但在河流 海洋和山脉名称前要用 the 必修三 一 Relative Clause with where when and why where when why 引导的定语从句 关系副词 where when 引导的定语从句可提供时间和地点的信息 在 reason 后可用 why 引 导的定语从句 介词 which whom 引导的定语从句 关系代词可做介词的宾语 通常在 which 和 whom 前加介词即介词 which whom 结构 This is the book for which he is looking 可以根据定语从句所修饰的名词或代词来选介词 也可以依据从句的相关动词来选用 但在 日常英语中 通常是吧介词放在从句句末 省略关系代词 which 和 whom The train which that I m travelling on is for Shanghai 二 形容词和副词的比较 More and more 越来越 Less the least 不如 最不 The the 越 就越 The less I worried the better I worked 三 修饰形容词比较级 Much a lot slightly a little almost a bit far even still twice three times more than twice as much many as twice the n of 比 多 是 的两倍 三倍 四 状态或动作动词 英语中动词分为两类 动作动词和状态动词 动作动词描述动作 可用于一般时态和进行时 态 状态动词描述状态 一般不用于进行时态 状态动词 表达思维活动的动词 admit believe know mean prefer realize remember think understand want 表达情感的动词 adore care like dislike love hate hope 表达拥有和存在的动词 appear be belong contain have include need seem possess own 感官动词 feel hear look see smell sound taste 有些状态动词也可以表示动作 在此意义上 这些动词可用于现在时 How are you feeling 感官动词后用形容词修饰二不用副词 The roses look and smell beautiful 四 定语从句 defining and non defining 限制性和非限制性定语从句 概念 1 定语从句 在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般紧接在先行词 antecedent 后面 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的成份 先行词可以为一个词 短语 或整个主句 3 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 分为关系代词和关系副词 关系词的作用 1 引导定语从句 连接主句和从句 相当于一个连词 2 必在从句中作某个句子成份 可以做主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 常用的关系代词 that which who whom whose as but 文语 置于否定词之后 that who not 没有 不 在从句中作主语 宾语 常用的关系副词 在从句中只作状语 when why where The student who answered the question was John I know the reason why he was so angry The boy whom you are talking to is my brother I d like a room whose window looks out over the sea 定语从句三步 第一找出先行词 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能 做主语 宾语或状语 第三选择合适的关系词 几个关系代词的基本用法 that 可指人或物 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 指人时 相当于 who 或 whom 指物时 相当于 which 一般不用于非限制性定语从句 不可置于介词后作宾语 如 1 A letter that which is written in pencil is difficult to read 主语 2 Do you know the gentleman that who spoke just now 3 You can take anything that you like 宾语 4 What is the question that which they are talking about 5 Here is the man who whom that you want to see 6 She s no longer the girl that she used to be before 表语 7 Our hometown is no longer the one that it used to be Our hometown is not the same as it used to be Our hometown is different from what it used to be Our hometown is not what it used to be which 指物 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 定语 如 1 The book which that was on the desk was bought by my father 主语 2 The book which that I bought yesterday is very interesting 宾语 3 The factory in which his father works is far from here 4 He was proud which his brother never was 表语 5 Tom spent four years in college during which time he learned French 定语 6 He may be late in which case we ought to wait for him who whom whose who 主格 在从句中作主语 在口语或非正式用法中作宾语 只可指人 whom 宾格 在从句中作宾语 只可指人 whose 属格 在从句中作定语 可指人也可指物 I like the students who that work hard 主语 All who heard the story were amazed 代词如 he they any those all one 等后多用 who Chaplin for whom life had once been very hard was a success as an actor 宾语 He s a man from whom we should learn He s a man whom who that we should learn from 比较 He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise He is the student who you think is worth praising A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan 指人 I d like a room whose window faces south 指物 I d like a room of which the window faces south I d like a room the window of which faces south There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时 介词可放于从句之首 也可放于从句之末 但以放 于句首较为正式 介词前置 必须注意不影响动词词组的含义 关系代词 who 和 that 用 作介词宾语时 介词必须放在句末 This is the book for which you asked This is the book that which you asked for Do you know the person with whom I shook hands Do you know the person whom who that I shook hands with The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age In the dark street there wasn t a single person to whom she could turn for help Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week This is the girl whom they are looking after 介词 after 与 look 构成固定词组 不可前置 look at look for look after take care of 等 as 的用法 as 引导定语从句 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 如为限制性的 多用于 the same as the same as such as as many much as so as 等结构中 如 I have the same book as you have 我有一本和你的一样的书 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been 关系代词 as 和指示代词 same 连 用 在从句中用作表语 先行词是 same Why didn t you mention that in face of the police just now I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests Don t do such things as you are not sure about There is no such place as you dream of in all this world 比较 I live in the same house that he used to live in I m wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday 比较 Here is so big a stone as no one can lift 定语从句 Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it 结果状语从句 如为非限制性的 多单独引导一个定语从句 这种定语从句可置于句首 句中或句尾 译为 正如 这一点 动词常为 know see expect point out etc As we all know smoking is harmful to one s health as 作宾语 As is known to all smoking is harmful to one s health as 作主语 It s known to all that smoking is harmful to one s health Smoking is harmful to one s health as we all know as 作宾语 Smoking as we all know is harmful to one health He was a foreigner as I knew from his accent 宾语 先行词是前面整个句子 关系副词引导的定语从句 When 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 其先行词是表时间的名词 如 time day week tear month etc He came last night when I was out We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather would be better 注意 先行词为 时间名词 可用 when 引导定语从句 when 在定语从句中作状语 还可以 用 which 或 that 引导 whi