人教版初一英总复习(超实用).doc

人教版初一上册英语总复习（超实用）一动词be（is,am,are）的用法1、 请记住以下口诀： 我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它； 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 2、Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not = wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not = werent） 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和am,is, are一样， 即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 Eg. Hi. My names Gina. I m Jenny. Nice to meet you! Nice to meet you, too. Are you Gina? Yes, I am Whats your/his/her name? My/his her name is Are you? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. Is he/she? Yes, she/he is. / No, she/he isnt. 2) 能了解以下语法：your, his, her等形容词性物主代词的简单用法；Whats=what is Im=I am names=name is等缩写形式。注意 ：句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即Iwe, youyou she,he,it they。Eg. She is a girl. They are girls.(2)am，is要变为are。Eg. Im a student. We are students.(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。Eg. He is a boy. They are boys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。Eg. It is an apple. They are apples.(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。Eg. This is a box. These are boxes.小试牛刀1：用am, is, are 填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there. 21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China.二this，that，it，these和those用法1. Eg. This/That is his sister. These/Those are his parents. Who is she? She is my sister. Is this/that your sister? Yes, she is./No, she isnt. Are these/those your parents? Yes, they are./No, they arent. 用法：(1)this，that ，these和 those是指示代词，it是人称代词。 (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this/ these, 距离说话人远的人或物that/those。 Eg. This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)/ That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处) These _ flowers. 这些是花。(近处)Those _ trees.那些是树(远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this/these, 后说that/those。Eg. This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。翻译：这些是钢笔。 _ _ _ 。 那些是铅笔。 _ _ _ 。(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is, 不说That is。 Eg. This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。 Eg. This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6) 打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。 Eg. Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？ Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的，我是，你是谁？注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说： I am, Are you？/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。 Eg. Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？ Whats that? 那是什么？ Yes, it is. 是的，它是。 Its a kite. 是只风筝。2.these和those用法these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。Eg. This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。 These pictures are good. 那些画很好 Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？注意1：在回答these或those的疑问句时，用they代these或those以避免重复。 Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些) 是你的苹果吗？ Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。小试牛刀2：一. 翻译下列词组1.那只狗2.那些学生 3. 这些苹 4.那位老师 5. 这些猫 . 6.那些狮子 7.那支钢笔 8.那些男孩儿 二，将下列各句改为肯定句1.Are these pears big? .2.Are these books in the bag? .3.Is this nice ice cream? .4.Are those big yellow bananas good? .5. Are those apples red? .6. Is that an English story book? .三There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）. ”其基本结构为“There be某物（某人）某地（某时）”其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。Eg. There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。Eg. On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。Eg. There is a tree behind the house.There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）.There are some pears in the box.(3)注意 ：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are.Eg. There is a book and some pens on the floor. There are some pens and a book on the floor.小试牛刀3 用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy._ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How_ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I ? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The two cups of milk _ for me. 17. Some tea _ in the glass. 18. Gao shans shirt _ over there. 19. My sisters name _ Nancy. 20. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 21._David and Helen from England? 22. There _ a girl in the room. 23. There _ some apples on the tree. 24. _ there any kites in the classroom? 25. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 26. There _ some bread on the plate. 27. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 28. You, he and I _ from China.四不定冠词a和an a和an都是不定冠词，表示一(个，支，本，块)的意思，但不强调数量概念，而是强调类别，用来限定名词。a用在辅音素开头的单数名词前，eg：a pencil(一支铅笔)，a book(一本书)；an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语，用a还是用an，则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。 I.不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.6 用于固定词组中 A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+adj之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. II. 定冠词的用法：1 表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提 到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4 用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级 最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海， 山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的 某个年代in the 1990s, 11 用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于身体部位名词，及表示时间词前He patted me on the shoulder.小试牛刀4：单项选择（ ）1. I read _story. It is _interesting story. A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an（ ）2. Britain is _ European country and China is _ Asian country. A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a（ ）3. _China is _ old country with _ long history. A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a（ ）4. _elephant is bigger than _ horse. A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the（ ）5. We always have _rice for _lunch. A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the（ ）6. It took me _ hour and _ half to finish _ work. A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /（ ）7. _ doctor told me to take _ medicine three times_day, stay in _bed, then I would be better soon. A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /（ ）8. There is _ picture on _ wall. I like _ picture very much. A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the（ ）9. January is _first month of the year. A. a B. / C. an D. the（ ）10. Shut _door, please. A. a B. An C. the D./（ ）11. Einstein won _ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. A. a B. an C. The D. /（ ）12. What _ fine day it is today! Lets go to the Summer Palace. A. a B. An C. the D. /（ ）13. I like music, but I dont like _ music of that TV play. A. a B. an C. the D. /（ ）14. _ girl over there is _ English teacher. A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a（ ）15. Its _ exciting way to shop on the Net. A. a B. an C. The D. /（ ）16. She was _ founder of _ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity. A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an（ ）17. Xian is _ old city with _ long history, isnt it? A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a（ ）18. Nancys sister is _ English teacher, isnt she? A. a B. an C. the D. /（ ）19. Chaffs is_ boy, but he can play the guitar very well. A. an eight-years old B. a eight-year-old C. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old（ ）20. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _ basketball. A. a B. An C. The D. /5 名词用法 1、名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词 不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词 物质名词 II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves.加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs.4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities.5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, 两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同 sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式 trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员） class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party6复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-s Americans, Europeans单复数同形 Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen小试牛刀5 一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、 orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、sheep 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 二、选择填空1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German D.Japanese, Germans4. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread5. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples6. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish7. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches8. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth9.The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers10. In Britain _ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box6 名词s所有格名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成以及用法：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名 词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 小试牛刀6：名词所有格练习.1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书)3. _(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. _(教师节) is on September 10th .8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on _(儿童节).10. He is in _(老师的办公室) now.11. Please open _(教室的门).12. _(赵敏的鞋) are white.13. _(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.14. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.15. _(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. _(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.17. Its _(妇女节) on March 8th.18. Are these _(男生们的书包) ?19. That is _(Tom和李雷的教室).20. _(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.七like一词的用法（2种）第一种是用作V，译为“喜欢”后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。 Eg. I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。 (1). like doing sth. 意为喜欢做某事(经常或习惯地) 。 Eg. Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。 (2). like+to do ，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。 Eg. I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。 (3).like sb. to do sth.意为喜欢某人做某事。Eg. Our English teacher likes us to ask questions. 我们的英语老师喜欢我们提问。第二种是用作Prep，无实义。 (1). be like/ look like+名词或代词作宾语，意为像；跟一样。 Eg. The baby is like his mother. (= The baby looks like his mother.) 这个小婴儿长得像他妈妈。 (2). look like (=look the same) Eg. Lily looks like Lucy. (=Lily and Lucy look the same.) 莉莉和露西看起来长得很像。 常用句型： 1. What is.like? .怎么样？ Eg. - What is the weather like today? - It is sunny. -2. How do you like.？意为你认为怎么样？ (What do you think of.？) Eg. -How do you like the film?你认为这部电影怎么样？ -Its very interesting.很有趣。3.What do you like about.？用来询问对方所喜欢的内容。 意为关于你喜欢什么？ Eg. -What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的什么？ -The food and the people.食物和人民。 4. What would you like? 你想要点什么？5. Would you like +名词 to do sth.?意为你想要吗？， 用来询问对方是否需要什么或征求意见与看法。 Eg. Would you like some water?你想要一些水吗？ Would you like to play football with us?你愿意和我们一起去踢足球吗？小试牛刀7： 单项选择 1. Do you like _ housework? A. do B. does C. doing D. did 2. _ playing basketball. A. am not like B. dont like C. isnt D. likes 3. _ do you like about Tianjin? A. Why B. What C. Which D. Where 4. Which color _? A. are you like B. she likes C. do you likes D. does she like补全句子 1. 你们想要去动物园吗？ _ you _ to go to the zoo? 2. 你觉得这本书怎么样？ _ do you _ this book? 3. 你喜欢这件毛衣的什么？我喜欢它的颜色。 _ _ you _ about this sweater? I like the color. 4. 你妈妈喜欢看电视吗？ Does your mother _ _ TV?8 一般疑问句陈述句特殊疑问句1. 定义：英语中能用yes 或者no 来回答的句子叫一般疑问句。2. 结构：V +S+V原型 + 其它？3.分类：1.）be + 主语 + 其它部分？ 2.）情态动词(can/may/must.) + S + V原形 + 其它？ 3.）助动词（do/does/did )+ S+ V原形 + 其它？4.回答：肯定回答：Yes, S+be/情态动词/助动词。也可以用OK./Certainly.等； 否定回答：No, S+be/情态动词/助动词+ not. not可缩写。也可用Sorry./Sorry，Eg . Is this your English book？ Yes，it is. No，it isnt. Are these your English books？ Yes，they are. No，they arent. Can you speak English? Yes，I can. No，I cant. Do your parents like English？ Yes，they do. No，they dont. Can you speak English? Certainly Of course. Sorry, I cant. Q1：一般疑问句怎样变为陈述句？1、含be动词或情态动词的句子 秘诀：一提二变三问号一调：即把句中的be或情态动词调到句首；二改：改换主语称谓，即将句中的主语Imy minesweourours等第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称youyour yours等；some改为any，and改为or。三问号：句末的句号改为问号。Eg. I am an English teacher. Are you an English teacher?We can speak English fluently. Can you speak English fluently?2、含行为动词（或称为实义动词）的句子。 秘诀：一加二变三问号 一加：即在句首加助动词Do或Does； 二变：1、把谓语动词改为原形； 2、改换主语称谓；some改为any，and改为or。 三问号：句末的句号改为问号。 Eg. We read English every morning. Do you read English every morning? Tom listens to English every evening. Does Tom listen to English every evening? 特别注意：对于第二点一定要注意动词的还原，3、 加强记忆口诀： “肯变一，并不难，can 或be提在前；谓语若为行为动，do 或does句首用，（是三单要还原）小试牛刀8：将下列句子变为否定句，一般问句，并作肯定和否定回答。1. It is a yellow bag. Eg. 否定句：It is not a yellow bay, 一般问句：is it a yellow bag? 肯定回答： Yes, it is. 否定回答： No, it isnt.2. This is my English book. 3. Those are our friends. 4. Tom and Jam have some photos. 5.I am a middle school student . 6.I can speak English . 7. We come from America . 8. He_(like)his brother . 9. Lilys mother is Peters aunt .10.Mike _(have)some new books .11