医学英语(下)重点单词和句子翻译.docx

医学英语（下）重点单词和句子翻译unit1hemoglobin血红蛋白 polycythemia红血球增多症hypertrophy肥大，过度增大 atrophy萎缩mutate改变，使突变anomaly异常，不规则 congenitaldefect先天性缺陷lesion损害，机能障碍infectiousagent传染剂pathogenesis发病原diagnosis诊断prognosis预后autopsy尸体解剖heredity遗传hemophilia血友病syndrome综合征alcoholism 酗酒 anemia 贫血 pregnancy怀孕delivery 分娩，交付 leukemia白血病malnutrition营养不良 hyperactivethyroid活跃甲状腺hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进mongolism先天愚型urinalysis尿分析physician内科医生surgeon外科医生remission缓解relapse复发complication并发症pneumonia肺炎 sequela后遗症paralysis麻痹 polio 小儿麻痹 fallopiantubes输卵管alleviate减轻masterpiece 杰作 defective有缺陷的deficient不足的concurrent并发的respectively分别地utilize利用perceive察觉terminal末端，晚期的severity严重fracture破裂prostate前列腺transmit传输，遗传 trigger引发，触发protrude 突出，伸出 counteract抵消，中和prescribe开处方，规定exacerbate使加剧 aggravate恶化，加重resemble类似subside平息，沉淀onset开始，着手confinedto只限于compensate补偿，赔偿traumatize使。损伤accompany陪伴，伴随observe观察manifest证明，显示aftermath后果rheumaticfever风湿热sterility不育healthprofessional保健专业人士comprehensive综合的unit2acluster of一群，一组 initial最初的inject注入，注射 homosexual同性恋者impair损害，减少 emerge摆脱暴露monitor 监视，监控compromise妥协，和解alert 警惕的official正式的original原始的 outbreak发作，爆发coin 硬币isolate隔离novel异常的 press按压lymphoadenopathy 淋巴瘤lymphotropic嗜淋巴细胞declare宣布 striking显著，惊人contradict 反驳，否定turnout发生，证明incheck 受控制pinpoint精确地supplement补充 complement补助considerable值得考虑的 Implicate暗指 影响 涉及activate 刺激 激活decline下降，衰退routinely 常规地，通常地prevailing流行的，一般的devise遗赠 equip装备multipronged 多种要素的destruction破坏，毁灭advancement 前进，进步replication复制，反响administer管理，执行 administration管理，实施nucleosideanalog核苷类似物 nucleocapsid核蛋白体diminish 使减少，使缩小appearto似乎，好像indicate 表明，指出specific特殊的，明确的drawback 缺点，不利条件optimism乐观trial 实验confer授予，给以causative成为原因desease-causing成为致病原因beintended to 打算preliminary准备，预赛mediate间接，居中 prolong延长enhance 提高ruleout排除，取消becapable of 能够attach附加，附属inert迟缓的，无效的 hemophiliac血友病的myeloid 骨髓的compatibility兼容性homozygous 纯合子的heterozygous杂合子的bowel 肠 内部 同情commentator评论员reservoir 水池investigational调查anecdotal 轶事的mortality死亡数ongoing 前进modulate调节，调整latency 潜在因素eradication消灭，扑灭adherence坚持，忠诚 pandemic全国流行的，普遍的angiography血管学，血管造影术angioplasty血管成形术priorto在。之前，优先unit4hyperactivity极度活跃 overactivity过度活跃distractibility 注意力分散inattentiveness注意迟钝attention-deficit注意力不足disorder混乱失调heterogeneity异质性 referral参照 提及 intolerance不宽松 偏狭 exuberance丰富 茂盛growout of 产生于 outgrow出生，过大不适合elicit 抽出 引出quantitativeassessment定量评价prevalence流行 普及 psychiatric精神病学的prenatal 产前的 perinatal围产期additive 添加剂dopamine多巴胺noradrenergicsystem去甲肾上腺系统 aggression轻略 进攻serotonin 五羟色胺positron正电子 reveal/exhibit/manifest暴露 展现cortex 皮质psychostimulant精神兴奋药antidepressant 抗抑郁剂sufficient足够的evolve发展 进化 contingentreinforcement后效强化controversial 有争议的adolescence青春期follow-up 随访untreated未经处理的illustrate举例 treatment/therapy/治疗management管理settledown 定居 安定下来intact完整的 未受损的outpatient 门诊病人chaos混沌 混乱epidemiology 流行病学etiology病因学differentiate 区别 区分defiant挑衅的；目中无人的，挑战的optimize优化，持乐观态度 discipline学科 纪律resent 怨恨 愤恨recess休息 休假insult侮辱 损害 fficacy/effectiveness效力beapt to 倾向于concurrent并发的normative 规范 标准peer凝视 窥视subtype图标类型 unit5rehabilitation复原interdisciplinary各学科间的premalignant癌变前的predisposition倾向 易染病体质prophylaxis预防radiotherapy放射疗法radiopaque不透射线irradiation照射 发光chemoprevention化学预防metastasis转移 chiefcomplaint主诉cholangiopancreatogram胆管胰造影术benign良性的progression前进 连续regression复原 回归retrogression退化 后退retrospective回顾 怀旧ureter尿管modification修正 改变optimal最佳的subsequentintervention后期介入resect切除 eliminate消除promptly迅速地eligibility合格 适任stratify分层collaboration合作evaluate/estimate评估 估计revolvearound以.为中心daunting使人害怕的oncologist肿瘤学家oncology肿瘤学advanceddisease病沉重期perceptive感觉的 有感知力的necessitate需要 迫使internist内科医生bonemarrow骨髓partiallyobstructed intestine部分肠道堵塞obstruction阻碍/construction建设/destruction破坏/instruction指令elucidate说明 阐明radiopaque不透射线的radiolucent可透射线的compilation编辑deranged疯狂 精神错乱的alleviate减轻 缓和palliate减轻 辩解relieve解除 减轻asymptomatic无症状的eligibility适任，合格standardize使标准化prognosis预后parameter参数 参量delineate描绘 描写neoplasm瘤 赘生物categorize分类potential潜能 sufficiently充分地proficient精通 专家interval间隔 间距recurrence循环 再发生relapse复发 再发dosimetry剂量学ureter尿管/urethra尿道locoreginal限于局部complication并发症duplication复制 副本replication复制 回答 反响implication含义 暗示 牵连vigorous有力的 精力充沛的 1. The humanbody is a masterpiece of art. The more one understands the functioning of thebody, the greater appreciation one has for it. Even in disease, the body isquite remarkable in attempting to right what is wrong and compensate for it.人体是一个艺术的杰作。更多的了解身体的功能,将更大的发挥它的价值。即使在疾病时,身体也是非常引人注目，因为它尝试判断对修补错的。2. Congenital birth defects, mental or physical,may be due to a developmental error resulting from a maternal infection such asrubella or German measles during pregnancy, the use of certain drugs, or themothers excessive consumption of alcohol.精神或身体先天性出生缺陷,可能是由于母亲在怀孕期间感染风疹或德国麻疹等,使用某些药物或过度酗酒造成的发育错误。3. Stress adversely affects the entire body, itreduces the ability of the immune system to counteract disease. Stress causesseveral diseases of the gastrointestinal system such as peptic ulcers andulcerative colitis. It also aggravates respiratory ailments asthma, forexample and other allergic conditions. 压力对整个身体造成不利影响,它降低了免疫系统抵抗疾病的能力。压力会导致一些胃肠系统疾病如消化性溃疡、溃疡性结肠炎。它还加重呼吸道疾病例如哮喘、和其他过敏性疾病。4. Signs are objective evidence of disease observedon physical examination, such as abnormal pulse or respiratory rate, fever, andpallor, or abnormal paleness, whereas symptoms are indication of diseaseperceived by the patient, such as pain, dizziness, and itching. 迹象是体格检查疾病观察的客观证据,如异常的脉冲或呼吸速率、发烧、苍白,或不正常的苍白,而症状是疾病象征,如疼痛、头晕、和瘙痒。5. The aftermath of a particular disease is calledthe sequela, a sequel. The permanent damage to the heart after rheumatic feveris an example of a sequela, as is the paralysis of polio. The sterilityresulting from severe inflammation of the fallopian tubes is also a sequela.后一个特定的疾病称为后遗症,续集。对心脏的永久性损伤风湿热后遗症的一个例子后,脊髓灰质炎的瘫痪。不育造成严重的输卵管炎症也是一个后遗症。1. In the early days, the CDC did not have anofficial name for the disease, often referring to it by way of the diseasesthat were associated with it, for example, lymphadenopathy, the disease afterwhich the discoverers of HIV originally named the virus.在早期，CDC没有该病的一个正式的名称，通常指的是它的方式，与它相关的疾病，例如，淋巴结肿大，病后，HIV病毒发现者命名为。2. Since then, much research has been directedtowards pinpointing the changes in the human immune system due to infection,seeking ways of reversing these changes, or supplementing the compromisedimmune system to hold the infection in check.自那时以来，大量的研究已针对精确定位在人类免疫系统的变化，由于感染，寻求逆转这些变化的方法，或补充免疫系统抑制感染。3. The drug mixture typically contains a so-called nucleosideanalog, which blocks genetic replication, and inhibitors of two enzymes thatare critical enzyme in the making of new virus (protease and reversetranscriptase).药物混合物通常包含一个所谓的核苷类似物，阻碍基因复制，和两个酶在新病毒的关键酶抑制剂（蛋白酶和逆转录酶）。4. Treatment strategies, vaccine-based orotherwise, will need to address the different isolates of the AIDS virus thatare present in various regions of the globe. 治疗策略为基础的疫苗，否则，将需要针对不同的艾滋病病毒，目前在全球各地区的菌株。5. Researchto improve current treatments includes decreasing side effects of currentdrugs, further simplifying drug regimens to improve adherence, and determiningbetter sequences of regimens to manage drug resistance.研究改善目前的治疗包括减少当前药物的副作用,进一步简化提高药物依从性的药物治疗方案,确定更好的方案来管理序列耐药性。1. For severely affected preschoolers, thediagnosis may not be difficult, but in less obvious cases, parents may resistbelieving the child has any problems or may be convinced the child will growout of it. 严重影响学龄前儿童的诊断并不困难,但在不太明显的情况下,父母可能抵制相信孩子有任何问题或者可能被说服孩子会长大。2. ADHD must also be differentiated from severalconditions that can be present concurrently, such as learning disorder, conductdisorder, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorder and mood disorder. 多动症也必须有区别的几个条件,可以同时存在,如学习障碍、品行障碍、对立违抗障碍、焦虑障碍和情绪障碍。3. Psychopharmacological treatment withpsychostimulants is widely used and is effective in up to 90% of ADHD children.Other medications used in clinical practice include some antidepressants andclonidine. 精神药理学治疗喷射器袭击得到了广泛地应用,并有效的多动症儿童的90%。其他药物用于临床实践包括一些抗抑郁药和氯压定。4. It was previously thought that children outgrewtheir symptoms in adolescence, and it was possible to stop medications as thechild got older. Recently there has been increasing focus on adolescents andadults treated as children who continue to show some or all of the symptoms ofADHD on follow-up. 人们以前认为孩子在青春期,超越他们的症状,有可能停止药物当孩子长大。最近有越来越多的关注青少年和成年人视为孩子继续显示的部分或全部在后续多动症的症状。5. An 8-year-old girl, the only child of an intactmiddle-class family, was brought to the child psychiatry outpatient clinic atthe medical center because she was doing very poorly in the second grade, andthe school was considering having her repeat the year. 一个8岁的女孩,一个完整的中产阶级家庭的唯一的孩子,被带到儿童精神病学门诊诊所的医疗中心,因为她做的很差在二年级,和学校正在考虑让她重复。在后续多动症的症状。1. If cancer prevention fails, detecting cancer asearly as possible is important. For many primary sites of cancer, earlydetection is a reasonable goal and will result in less intense treatment andimproved treatment results. In every instance, a well-conceived management planis critical. 如果癌症预防失败,尽早检测癌症是很重要的。对许多癌症的主要网站,早期发现是一个合理的目标,将导致没那么强烈的治疗和改善治疗结果。在每一个实例,一个周密的管理计划是至关重要的。2. Although the plan for evaluation and treatmentusually requires the efforts of an interdisciplinary team to obtain optimalresults, leadership in this enterprise still necessitates a perceptive andknowledgeable coordinating physician who may be an oncologist, the primary-carephysician, an internist, or a general surgeon. 尽管计划进行评估和治疗通常需要一个跨学科的团队的努力来获得最优结果,领导本企业仍然需要感知和知识渊博的协调医生可能是一个肿瘤,初级保健医生,内科医生或外科医生。3. Although the primary focus of the initialphysical examination is on the presenting symptoms, patients who are beingevaluated for the presence of cancer require a complete physical examinationand the recording of a complete history so as to elucidate possible sites ofmetastatic spread of the cancer. 虽然最初的体格检查的主要焦点是呈现症状,患者正在接受癌症需要一个完整的体格检查和记录的一个完整的历史,说明可能的网站转移性癌症扩散4. To minimize patient discomfort and limit cost,physicians should avoid tests that have a low likelihood of providing usefulinformation and should avoid any tests that provide information similar to thatobtained from other tests already performed or planned. 减少病人不适和边际成本,医生应避免测试,提供有用信息的可能性较低,应避免任何测试,提供类似的信息从其他测试已经或计划执行。5. Not only might this offer an obstacle to futureadministration of effective pain medication, but surgical relief of thisproblem may be the one thing that can be done to relieve the symptom of mostsignificance to such patients. 这不仅可以提供未来管理的障碍有效的止痛药,而且手术缓解这个问题可能可以做的一件事最有意义的患者缓解症状。