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难度：If you think of afterschool activities as a waste of time, you are wrong! Afterschool activities help us grow up in many (1)_.Above all, they offer us chances to practice (2)_ we learn in class.(3)_ various activities, we can also learn more about todays society (社会) and a lot of new things that we cant learn from our books.Whats more, they help to develop our abilities that we need (4)_ for our studies now and for our work and life in the future. We are busy with our studies in school, so after school we all need to (5)_ ourselves.Afterschool activities just make it possible (6)_ us to breathe (7)_ air and remove tiredness.Then, we can pay (8)_ to our studies and achieve good results. Some afterschool activities will make us useful (9)_ helpful to others.Some can keep us strong and healthy, some may even change our life.So, all the students, get out and take (10)_ active part in various afterschool activities!(六)难度：Our cities are crowded.Now cities are (1)_ of cars.Something will have to be done to change (2)_.What will the cars of tomorrow be (3)_？Little cars may some day (4)_ the place of todays big cars.If everyone drives little cars in the future there will be less (5)_ in the air.We can breathe clean and fresh air.There will also be more space (6)_ parking cars in cities, and (7)_ streets will be less crowded.The space for a usual car (8)_ we use today is enough for three little cars.The little cars will cost much less to own and be safer to (9)_.What is (10)_, these little cars can go about 65 kilometers per hour. (五)1ways2.what3.Through4.both5.relax 6for7.fresh8.attention9.and10.an (六)1full2.it3.like4.take5.pollution6.for7the8.that/which9.drive10.more难度： 用时：_Long long ago, a young man saw some children beating a turtle at seaside.He said to them, “Stop！” The children ran _1_ quickly.The turtle was very thankful and took him to a secret palace in the sea.When he _2_ the palace, he was very surprised.In order to _3_ him, the king of the turtles gave him a warm welcome.The young man was very _4_ with everything. After dinner, the king said, “Ill give you two boxes, _5_ you can open only one.You mustnt open both of them. Dont forget it！” “All right，” the young man promised (承诺).At this time, a large wave (浪) sent him _6_ of the sea to the seaside again. _7_ he went home, he opened the bigger one of the two boxes.The box was full of gold. “My God！” he cried. “Im _8_ now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box _9_ be expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer.So he opened _10_ box.As soon as he opened it, he became an old man at once.He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.( )1.A.across B.away C.into D.out( )2.A.left B.reached C.arrived D.gets to ( )3.A.thank B.beat C.help D.believe( )4.A.pleased B.careful C.angry D.strict( )5.A.so B.or C.as D.but( )6.A.out B.in C.behind D.under( )7.A.After B.Because C.While D.Since( )8.A poor B.rich C.sad D.angry( )9.A.cant B.couldnt C.must D.mustnt( )10.A.another B.the other C.the others D.others (四)难度： 用时：_Music can spread across everywhere and narrow the distance (缩短距离) between people of different countries. _1_ NBA star Kobe Bryant worked with music super star Jay Chou to create a song_2_ The Heaven and Earth Challenge. The song was written by Jay, whose favorite_3_ is basketball.It expresses the love for basketball and_4_encourages young people to be more confident (有信心) about themselves.Jay_5_that he learned a lot from Kobes sports spirit_6_creating the song.Kobe was very happy to _7_ with Jay.“I fell in love with Jays music since first_8_ his songs，” Kobe added. People can download the ring tone (下载铃声) of the song from the Internet.All_9_ from the downloads will go to Project Hope, a charity (慈善组织) that helps improve educational facilities (设备) in_10_ areas in China.( )1.A.American B.Canadian C.Japanese D.British( )2.A.shown B.named C.used D.sold( )3.A.time B.sport C.thing D.play( )4.A.also B.then C.still D.soon( )5.A.told B.spoke C.said D.talked( )6.A.why B.whether C.unless D.when( )7.A.live B.go C.stay D.work( )8.A.trying B.knowing C.hearing D.writing( )9.A.songs B.money C.papers D.wishes( )10.A.poor B.rich C.famous D.good(三)15BBAAD610AABCB(四)15ABBAC610DDCBA初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案 注意！宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)2.连接词(1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you? 特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：I didnt know （if/whether he had seen the film.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?二、宾语从句的转化1.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you will leave when D. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do20.He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money21. Did you hear _? A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say 22. Can you tell me _? A. which class you are in B. which class are you in C. you are in which class D. are you in which class 23. -Excuse me. Could you tell me _? - Certainly. A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station 24. Could you tell me where _ yesterday? A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went 25. Tom asked me _. A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was 26. Excuse me, could you tell me _? A. wheres the teachers office B. wheres the bus station C. whats she doing D. where the post office is 27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I dont know _. A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live 28. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. - But I dont know _. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where is he living D. he lives there 29. - Can you tell me _? - Yes, he lives in a small town. A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said 30. Have you decided _ for London? A. when will you leave B. when you will leave C. when are you going D. when you are going 31. Excuse me. Could you tell me _our tickets? A. where do we show B. where shall we show C. where did we show D. where we shall show 32. - What are you interested in about cooking food? - We are all interested in _. A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. How egg fries D. how does egg fry 33. Do you know _? A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it 34. Do you know _? A. whose book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose D. whos book this is 35. I dont know _ now. A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat 36. Does he know _? A. whats your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D. what your name is 37. Do you know _? A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on 38. Tell me where _? A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is 39. He hasnt decided _. A. if hell go on a trip to Wu xi B. when will he go on a trip to Wu xi C. if he goes on a trip to Wu xi D. when does he go on a trip to Wu xi 40. Can you see _? A. what hes reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），beyond ones control（无法控制），beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过、高于”。例His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于、 为着”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of ones reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+名词”结构，“在内、不超过”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission.被动语态习题1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have toD do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive toldC Im told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collec
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