初中英语动词变形.doc

动词的变形1. 动词讲解实义动词：及物动词（带宾语）；不及物动词（不带宾语）。及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词。Mr Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。 He asked the teacher a few questions他向老师问了几个问题。 不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词。Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be动词，例如： Heisateacher.他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest， continue,remain,stay,如： Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。 Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一个谜。 The weather stays fine. 天气还是很好。3）表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如： Helookstired.他看起来很累。 Heseems(tobe)verysad.他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如： Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。 Thisflowersmellsverysweet.这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run. Become和get多指人的情绪或身体状态的变化，但侧重于转变后的结果。当情况变坏时，往往用go表示，go和turn还可用于人或事物颜色的变化。 She went / turned blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。 The rotten meat went / turned green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。Come表示结果的圆满。如： Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。 Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.她没多长时间就富了。 联系动词固定搭配：go mad发疯 go bad变烂 go wrong出毛病了 go hungry饿了 go blind变瞎go redwhite变白红 fall ill病倒 fall asleep入睡 come true实现 come alive复活 come easy变容易 keep fit/silent/calm保持健康/沉默/冷静 2. 时态时态时间状语一般现在时always, hardly, often, usually, every day, once a week, on Sundays, sometimes, at等一般过去时at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, yesterday, last week, ago, the other day, in 1982，just now等一般将来时next, tomorrow, in+一段时间, before+时间点等现在完成时/现在完成进行时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently等过去完成时before, by+过去的时间等过去进行时at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment等过去将来时. said that . the next day/week/month/year语法项目构 成规则变化不规则变化例 句一般现在时动词用原形三人称单数-s / es一般-s es 辅音y-ieshave-hasHe goes to school every day.I often have lunch at home.一般过去时动词用过去时Bewas/ were一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾iedgo-went come-camedo-did leave-left等He wrote a letter yesterday.I studied hard last year.一般将来时be going toV原will / shall + V原Go come leave stayfly等用进行表将来Are you going to read ?He is coming tomorrow .现在进行时bedoing 一般去e 双写+ingtiedielie 变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .They are lying on the bed .现在完成时/现在完成进行have / has +PPhave/has been+doing分词规则的同过去式是一样的不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆I have been teaching for 8 years. He has slept for two days. .过去进行时was / were +doing多用于复合句中一般去e 双写+ingtiedielie 变ie为y加ingHe was reading at that time last Friday过去完成时had+动过去分词多用于复合句中规则的分词构成与过去时一样的需要逐个记忆详见不规则动词表We had learnt 2000 wordsby the end oflast year.过去将来时would + V 原形多用宾语从句中He said that he would come here the next day .3. 主动句与被动句的转化英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态。其形式为：Be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词如：The teacher gave him a dictionary.-He was given a dictionary (by his teacher). English is widely spoken in the world.(1) 被动语态的用法： 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。 如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。 如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。 如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态： 主动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语 (动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者) 被动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语 (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) (3) 注意点：“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典一本字典由老师送给了他) His father made him a kite.A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)“动词+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.The girls little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：He is pleased / worried / tired /.(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳) He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中)3. 句型祈使句：句首动词用原形It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. / It cost sb. some money to buy sth. What about/ How about doing sth.? 做。事情怎么样？What do you think of doing sth.? 你认为做。事情怎么样？Its + 形容词for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事很。（所接形容词用来修饰所做的这件事的性质）例：Its difficult for him to finish the task.Its +形容词of sb. to do sth. 某人很。做某事（所接形容词用来修饰人的品格）例：Its very kind of you to help me with my homework.What great fun it is to do sth. 做某事太开心啦。Do you mind （ones）doing sht.? 你介意（某人）做某事吗？4. 情态动词之后一般用动词原形Must/can/may/might/should/could/be able to/shall5. 不定式之后用动词原形agree to to 答应做某事ask sb. to do 要求某人做某事invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事want (sb.) to do 想要（某人）做某事plan to do 计划做某事have (no) time to do 有（没有）时间做某事encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做某事help sb (to) do 帮助某人做某事Its time (for sb.) to do 到时间做某事了have to do 不得不/必须做某事would like to do 想要做某事decide not to do 决定（不）做某事hope to do/wish to do 希望做某事wish sb. to do 希望某人做某事例外：look forward to doing 期望做某事如：I always look forward to hearing from my parents. 我总是期待收到父母的来信。Prefer doing (A) to doing (B) 与B相比，我更喜欢A如：I prefer playing football to playing basketball. 与打篮球相比，我更喜欢踢足球。6. 介词之后动词一般用-ing形式be good at doing 擅长做某事be good for 对做某事有好处例：Eating less and taking more practise is good for keeping healthy.be interested in doing 对做某事很有兴趣get ready for 准备好做某事have a good time in doing 做某事很高兴by/ through doing 通过做某事例：I finally succeeded by/through studying hard.with/without doing 有（没有）做某事例：Its not polite to leave without saying goodbye.have fun doing 做某事有乐趣enjoy/dislike/hate doing 喜欢/不喜欢/讨厌做某事finish doing 完成做某事practise doing 练习做某事go + 动名词(动词-ing)spend some time (in) doing 花时间做某事 keep doing 保持长时间做某事的动作keep on doing 反复做某事be busy doing 忙着做某事dream of doing 梦想做某事thank you for doing 谢谢你为我做某事see/hear/watch sb. doing 看到/听到/观看某人正在做某事 7. 名词短语中的动词用-ing形式A reading class/ a swimming pool/ a driving test make a living (谋生活)8. To do 和doing 都有的表达，彼此之间有区别like to do 喜欢做具体的事情like doing 强调兴趣，爱好begin/start to do （已经完成前一件事）开始做另一件事；begin/start doing 某件事做到一半，停了一会儿（或中间做了另一件事），再开始接着做这件事还有三种情况用不定式表达：主语不是人；接心理活动；动词本身是beginning：beginning to start例：It begins to rain.begin to think/know/believestop to do停下之前在做的事，开始做这件事stop doing 停下手头上正在做的事Continue/ go on to do 停止做某事，继续做另一件事Continue/ go on doing 做了一会儿某事，中间停了一下，继续做这件事 try to do 努力尝试做某事try doing 一种新的尝试forget/remember to do 忘记/记得去做某事(还没做)forget/remember doing 忘记了/记得做过某事9. 双写大全Beginning, running, planning, swimming, getting, shopping, chatting, sitting单选题: 1. What he said sounds_. A. nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderfully 2. These apples taste_. A. to be good B. to be well C. well D. good3. He turned _ ten years ago but later he became _. A. a teacher; a doctor B. teacher; doctor C. teacher; a doctor D. a teacher; doctor 4. The dog _lost yesterday. A. got B. became C. turned D. fall 5. The old man must have _ mad.A. gone B. turned C. fallen D. driven 6. I felt _ that I should leave. A. strong B. strongly C. to be strong D. very strong 7. Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 8. I am afraid the weather will _ hot for a few days. A. last B. be lasted C. stay D. be stayed 9. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues 10. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes 11. The cloth that _ smooth and soft _. A. feels; sells well B. feels; is well sold C. is felt; sells well D. is felt; sells good 12. _ delicious, the food was soon sold out. A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste 13. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have _ twenty-one already. A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed 14. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 情态动词和动词搭配1.-_I take the newspaper away? -No, you mustnt.You_read it only here. A.Must,can B.May,can C.Need,must D.Must,must2.Must I reture the book at once? No,you_.but you _teturn it after school.A.neednt,must B.mustnt,can C.mustnt,may D.cant,need3.25. Lets go to the zoo, _ ? OK. A. will youB. dont youC. shall weD. cant you4.Our teacher often tells us_in the sereet. A.no play B.not playing C.not to play D.not to playing5.My mother is out,so I_look after my little sister. A.may B.must C.have to D.can6.The students stopped_when the teacher came in. A.to talk B.talking C.talks D.talked7.Everybody is busy_ready for the exams. A.get B.to get C.getting D.get8.Please dont forget_the door when you leave. A.pocked B.lock C.to lock D.locking9.Please walk fast,_well be late. A.or B.and C.so D.then10.The old lady saw me_the pen on the floor. A.dropped B.drop C.dropping D.to drop11.I saw toe old woman_here when I was walking . A.sit,pass B.sitting,past C.sitting,pass D.sit,past12._the morning of september,our school begins.A.In B.On C.At D.To动词时态练习1.I will tell him as soon as he _ backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came2. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them.A. triesbuys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies3. The girl often _ cold when she _.A. cathcsdances B. catches dances C. catchsdancees D. catches dancee4. _ he _ himself there? No, I dont think so. A. Doenjoy B. Does enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Doesenjoy5. _ your teacher _ from them very often? Certainly.A. Dohear B. Doeshear C. Do receive D. receive6. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sundays?A. Doesdoes B. Dodoes C. Doesdo D. Do do7. _ Tom _to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _.A. Has xdoes B. Hasxdoes C. Doeshashas D. Does havedoes8. Which teacher _ lessons to you every day ?A. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives 9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, _? _ , he does.A. does heNo B. does heYes C. doesnt heNo D. doesnt heYes10.Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays, _ he ?A. goesdoesnt B. goesisnt C. doesnt godoes D. doesnt gois11.He usually _ TV on Sunday evening.A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching12. Well go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed13. Neither I nor he _ French. A. speak B. doesnt speak C. speaks D. doesnt speak14. Nobody _ how to run this machines.A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing15. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day.A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries16. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games.A. swimming playing B. swimmingplaiingC. swimming I playing D. swimmingplaing17. Look ! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ .A. playing dance B. playing dancingC. play dancing D. play dance18. He _ to do his lessons at eight every evening.A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins 19. _ he _ on well with his friends this term ?A. Doesgets B. Doesget C. Isgetting D. Isgeting20. Mr Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days.A. is writingis writing B. is writing writesC. writes is writing D. writes writes21. I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday.A. gogo B. am going go C. go am going D. am goingam going22. Look, they_ a good time, _ they ?A. havedo B. havedont C. are havingare D. are having arent23. You _ about the future now, _ you ?A. dont thinkdont B. arent thinking arentC. dont think do D. arent thinking are24. She always _ something whenever she _.A .studiedplayed B. studiedplaied C. studiedplaied D. studied played 25. He often _ late in the forest. It _ me very much.,A. stayedworried B. staied worried C. stayedworryed D. staied worried参考答案：15 BABDB 610 CDDBA 1115 BBCCD 1620 CBDCC 21-25 BDDDA