初中动词的时态、语态专项复习与解析.doc

初中动词的时态、语态专项复习与解析考点知识精讲知识网络动词的时态、语态常见的八种时态一般现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式过去时：谓语用动词的过去式将来时：will/be going to +动词原形现在进行时：am/is/are +动词的现在分词完成时：have/has+动词的过去分词过去进行时：was/were+动词的现在分词完成时：had+动词的过去分词将来时：would或was/were going to+动词的原形动词的语态主动语态被动语态考点一 动词的时态1一般现在时基本用法：(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作；He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。(2)表示现在的情况或状态；He is a teacher. 他是个老师。(3)表示客观事实和普遍真理。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。构成形式：am/is/are或实义动词的原形(主语是第三人称单数时，动词要用第三人称单数形式)。与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：always，often，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day等。动词第三人称单数形式的构成：一般动词在词尾直接加s，如lives，works等。以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的，加es，如goes，does, washes, passes等。以辅音字母y结尾的，把y变为i，再加es，如flyflies，studystudies，worryworries；以元音字母y结尾的，直接加s，如enjoyenjoys，playplays。特殊情况：havehas，am/areisMidAutumn Day usually comes in September or October every year.中秋节通常都在每年的九月或十月。考查热点：如果主句为一般将来时，if，unless等引导的条件状语从句和when，until，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。What about going climbing if it doesnt rain tomorrow?如果明天不下雨，去爬山怎么样？2一般过去时(1)概念：表示过去发生的动作，存在的状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。(2)构成形式：肯定式：be(was，were)；行为动词(过去式)否定式：was/werenot；行为动词didnt动词原形疑问式：was/were主语其他；行为动词did主语动词原形(3)动词过去式的变化：动词过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况，不规则变化应特别记忆。规则变化有如下形式：一般在动词后直接加ed。如：climbed，worked，asked等。以e结尾的动词在后面直接加d。如：lived，described，agreed等。以辅音字母y结尾的，先把y变为i再加ed。如：crycried，copycopied，trytried等。以元音字母y结尾的，直接加ed。如enjoyenjoyed，playplayed等。以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，则先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如：stopstopped，planplanned，preferpreferred等。(4)与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：ago，yesterday，last week，the day before yesterday, long long ago, once upon a time等。(5)一般过去时的用法：表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。I bought the book last week.我上周买的这本书。表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常与always，usually，often, never，sometimes等连用(过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth.来表示)。since从句常用一般过去时。It is ten years since I came here.自从我来这已经有十年了。3一般将来时(1)概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备要做的事。(2)构成形式：“will/shall动词原形”或“am/is/are going to动词原形”。(3)与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：tomorrow，next week，in一段时间等。(4)当主语是第一人称I或we时，问句中一般用shall，表示征求对方的意见。When shall we finish homework? 我们应该什么时候完成作业？(5)be going tov.(动词原形)表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的，很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。Look at the clouds，there is going to be a storm.看那些云，将会有暴风雨。(6)下列几种情况只可用shall(will)表将来，而不可用be going to结构。表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。Will you please lend me your pen?请把你的钢笔借我用一下，好吗？表示意愿时。We will help him if he asks us. 如果他愿意，我们会帮助他。表单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。The sun will set at 7：30 this afternoon. 太阳会在下午7：30落下。(7)当主句为一般将来时态时，在if，as soon as，until, when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I will call you as soon as I get there.我一到那就给你打电话。(8)位移词的进行时表将来。(9)there be结构的一般将来时为there will be/there is going to be。(10)will/shall, be about to do 与 be going to 的区别。一般将来时的基本结构为“will/shall动词原形”，表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。be about to do 结构表示客观、马上就要发生的事，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。be going to 结构表示必然或很可能发生的事情；be to do结构表示按职责、义务和要求必须去做或即将发生的动作。4现在进行时(1)概念：表示现在或现阶段正在发生或持续的动作。(2)构成形式：am/is/are动词的ing 形式。(3)与现在进行时连用的时间状语及提示语有：now，these days, right now, at present, at this moment，look，listen等。(4)当时间状语为now，these days等时或当句子中含有look，listen，can you see，cant you see之类的暗示词时，要使用现在进行时。但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中：表示感觉的动词。如：see，hear等。表示喜欢或厌恶的动词。如：like，love等。表示希望的动词。如：want，would like等。表示状态的动词。如：be等。表示归属的动词。如：have等。表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词。如：know，think等。5现在完成时(1)概念：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。(2)构成形式：have/has动词的过去分词。(3)与现在完成时连用的时间状语有for a long time，recently，yet，lately，ever，never，already，since，by this time，before，just，in the past/last few years，since过去的时间点，since时间段ago，since从句(一般过去时)。(4)现在完成时与表示一段时间的for短语、since短语或从句等连用时，应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性的，而不能是非延续性动词，如：comebe here，gobe there，diebe dead，borrowkeep，buyhave，joinbe in，leavebe away，begin to studystudy等。(5)have been to，have gone to，have been in 的用法区别：have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地”，说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方，总之，现在已不在该地；have gone to则表示“已去了某地”，说话时不在说话地点，或在去某地的途中，或已到了某地，总之现在还未回来；have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”，后面跟副词时不用in。Where is Mrs Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪？She isnt here.She_has_gone to England. 她不在这。她去了英国。(6)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去某一动作与现在的关系，对现在造成的影响、结果等，不与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示与现在的关系，可与表示过去的时间状语连用。6过去进行时(1)概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。(2)构成形式：was/were动词的ing形式表示往返、位移的动词的过去进行时常可用来表示过去将来时。We wanted to tell her that the train was_leaving an hour later.我们想告诉她火车将在一小时后开。注意区别：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间“发生了的动作”或“存在了的状态”，而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时刻或某一段时间“正在进行的动作”。Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。(表明信写完了)Mary was_writing a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。(只表明“一直在写”，不清楚“是否写完”，也许信还没有写完)(3)常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有两类：一类是表过去的“某点”时间，如：at that time，this time，last week，“when he came in”类时间状语从句等；另一类是表过去的“某段”时间，如yesterday morning等。What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday morning?上周日上午九点钟你在干什么？While John was walking to school，he saw a cat in a tree.当约翰步行上学时，他看见一只猫在一棵树上。7过去完成时(1)过去完成时表示在过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。它表示动作所发生的时间是“过去的过去”，常用“助动词had过去分词”构成。By the time she got up，her brother had already gone into the bathroom.她起床的时候，她的弟弟就已经进了盥洗室。(2)过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”。因此现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。When I got to the cinema, the film had_been_on.当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。(3)常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the end of) 过去的时间，for时间段，since时间点，when引导的时间状语从句(从句中谓语动词用过去时)等。By the end of the match，they had_kicked two goals and we had kicked four.到比赛结束时，他们已踢进两个球，我们进了四个球。8过去将来时(1)概念：过去将来时立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来。(2)与过去将来时连用的时间状语：the next day (morning，year.)，the following month(week.)等。(3)基本结构：肯定形式：was/were going todo；should/woulddo否定形式：was/werenotgoing todo；should/wouldnotdo疑问形式：was或were放在主语前；should/would提到主语前。过去将来时经常用在间接引语、宾语从句中。Jim asked Lucy if she would buy the new book.吉姆问露西她是否要买那本新书。考点二 动词的语态1动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。2被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词，或“动词介词”构成的及物动词短语。现以及物动词ask为例，其各种时态形式的被动结构如下表所示。结构Ask的各种被动语态形式形式助动词be的适当形式+及物动词的过去分词时态一般现在时 am is asked are一般过去时 was were asked一般将来时 shall will be asked过去将来时should would be asked现在进行时am is being asked are过去进行时 was were being asked现在完成时have has been asked过去完成时had been asked含有情态动词的被动语态can, mustmay, need be asked3.被动语态的用法在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况中：(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛)(4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。Many houses were washed away in the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。4主动语态和被动语态的转换(1)主动语态变为被动语态。要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。把主动句中的主语变成被动句中的宾语，将主格变成宾格，并由by引导。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。主动语态：动作执行者谓语动词主动形式动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者谓语动词被动形式动作执行者We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)He was asked to sing an English song by us.(2)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态。谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)I was given a book.(间接宾语me改为主语)A book was given to me.(直接宾语a book改为主语)(3)短语动词变为被动语态。许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态)Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略)(4)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态。宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.(5)被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时应加上不定式符号to。He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)The girl is made to stay at home.(6)主动结构表被动意义open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，burn，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。This kind of shirt sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里很好卖。look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。Moon cakes taste delicious.月饼尝起来味道很好。在 be worth doing 中 doing表被动意义。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。want/need/requiredoing相当于want/need/requireto be done。to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。My bike needs repairing.My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。考点训练动词的时态和语态一、单项选择1Amy, I called you yesterday evening，but nobody answered the phone.Oh, I _ a walk with my mother at that time.Atake BtookCam taking Dwas taking【解析】本题考查动词的时态。过去进行时表示过去某一特定的时刻或一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作，根据时间状语at that time可知该句需用过去进行时。故选D。【答案】D2When _you _reading Jane Eyre?Its hard to say.Im busy recently.Adid；finish Bhave；finishedCwill；finish Ddo；finish【解析】本题考查动词的时态。由答语“很难说”知我不知道何时将会读完，故问句应用一般将来时，选C。【答案】C3Alan，its late.Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _for her.Awaited Bhave waitedCam waiting Dwas waiting【解析】本题考查动词的时态。由题意知我还没睡的原因是珍妮还没回来，我在等她，故用现在进行时。【答案】C4 Our math teacher _in our school for 20 years and he _here when he was 23 years old.Ahas taught；has come Btaught；comesCtaught；came Dhas taught；came【解析】本题考查动词的时态。由时间状语for 20 years和when he was 23 years old及整个句子的意思知，前一个空需用现在完成时，后一个空需用一般过去时，故选D。【答案】D5 There _a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon.Ais going to be Bwill haveCare going to be Dis going to have【解析】本题考查there be句型的一般将来时的用法。there be句型的一般将来时有两种形式：there will be和there is/are going to be，并且不能与have句式混用。因主语为单数，故选A。【答案】A6 The population of the world _still _now.Awill；grow Bhas；grownCis；growing Dis；grown【解析】本题考查动词的时态。由时间状语now知本句需用现在进行时，故选C。【答案】C7 Yesterday evening，I _along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher.Awalk BwalkedCwas walking Dam walking【解析】本题考查过去进行时。过去进行时表示过去某一特定的时刻或一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作。根据句意“昨天晚上，当我正沿街走的时候突然遇到了我的数学老师”知用过去进行时，其结构为：was/weredoing，故选C。【答案】C8 If it had been fine yesterday，we could have watched that air show.But it _all day.Ahas rained Bhad rainedCrained Drains【解析】本题考查动词的时态。由句意知是说昨天下了一整天的雨，要用一般过去时，故选C。【答案】C9Where were you at 7：00 last night?I_to my mom at home.Awrite Bwas writingCwrote【解析】本题考查时态。由上句的时间状语at 7：00 last night可判断本句为过去进行时。故选B。【答案】B10How was your trip to Hangzhou，Jim?Great! We _to Xixi National Wetland Park.Ago Bam goingCwill go Dwent【解析】本题考查时态。由问句“吉姆，你的杭州之旅怎么样？”可知答语也要用一般过去时。【答案】D11Ive got a ticket for the basketball game tonight.Cool! How_you _it?Ahad；got Bdid；getCwere；getting Dwill；get【解析】本题考查时态。由上句“我有一张今晚篮球赛的票”，可知本句为“你是怎样得到它的？”故用一般过去时。【答案】B12 Mary isnt here at the moment.She _later. Acomes Bcame Chas come Dis coming【解析】本题考查时态。由上句“玛丽此刻不在这儿”可知“她一会儿就来”，故用一般将来时；come等词常用现在进行时表示将来。【答案】D13 Im now in New York with my friend Jenny.We _by plane on Monday.Aarrive BarrivedCare arriving Dwill arrive【解析】本题考查时态。由上句“我现在和我的朋友詹妮在纽约”可知“我们是周一乘飞机到达的”，故用一般过去时。【答案】B14Please turn off the TV.The baby _.OK.Ill go out for a walk.Asleeps BsleptCis sleeping Dwas sleeping【解析】本题考查时态。由上句“请关上电视”可判断婴儿正在睡觉，故用现在进行时。【答案】C15 My sister wants a new dress.She _it to the party.Awears Bhas wornCwore Dis going to wear【解析】本题考查时态。由前句“我姐姐想要一条新裙子”可知“她打算穿着它去参加聚会”，故用一般将来时。【答案】D16I _my homework，I guess I cant join you.Adont finish Bdidnt finishChavent finished Dwont finish【解析】本题考查时态。由后句“我想我不能加入你们”可知作业还没有完成。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，用现在完成时。【答案】C17Have you ever been to Shanghai?Yes，I_there a few months ago.Ahave been Bwent Chave gone【解析】本题考查时态。“一段时间ago”用于一般过去时，故选B。【答案】B18 There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _.Asave BsavedCare saved Dwere saved【解析】本题考查动词的时态及语态。由there was可知本句为一般过去时；many people与谓语动词save存在被动关系，故用被动语态。故选D。【答案】D19People who drink wine _to drive after May Day.Adont allow Bisnt allowedCmustnt allow Dmustnt be allowed【解析】本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。由句意“五一之后喝了酒的人一定不允许开车。”知“喝了酒的人”与谓语动词“允许”构成了被动关系，并且语气很强烈，故选D。【答案】D20How soon _all the work _？In a week.Awill；finish Bis；going to finishCwill；be finished Dare；going to be finished【解析】本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。由句意“所有的工作多久会完成？”知“工作”和“完成”之间存在被动关系，用被动语态，排除A、B两项；因how soon是提问将来的一段时间，故该句为一般将来时，work是不可数名词，故排除D项。【答案】C21Did you go to Jims birthday party?No, I_.Ahavent invited Bdidnt inviteCam not invited Dwasnt invited【解析】本题考查时态和语态。由对话知，“我”没去参加吉姆的生日聚会是因为“我”没被邀请，“我”和“邀请”之间存在被动关系；又由助动词did知是一般过去时，故使用一般过去时的被动语态，选D。【答案】D22Look，what have you done?Sorry.I think if I _another chance，Ill do it better.Agive Bwill be givenCwill give Dam given【解析】本题考查被动语态。答语句意为“我认为如果再给我一次机会我会做得更好”。一方面条件状语从句要用一般现在时，另一方面主语“我”与谓语动词“给”之间存在被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，故选D。【答案】D23May I use your cup, Tom?Sorry，it _by my sister just now.Awas broken Bis brokenCbroke【解析】本题考查动词的时态和语态。主语是动作的承受者，要用被动语态，故排除C项；由just now可知，用一般过去时。一般过去时被动语态的构成为was/were及物动词的过去分词。故选A。【答案】A24Are you going to the party? No, because I _. Ahave asked Bhavent asked Chave been asked Dhavent been asked【解析】本题考查被动语态。不去参加晚会是因为“我没有被邀请”，用被动语态，并且是否定式。所以选择答案D。【答案】D25Hong Kong _ to be a good place for eating today. Aknows Bknew Cis known Dwas known【解析】本题考查被动语态。句意为“香港被认为是当今吃美食的好地方。”用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是is/am/are 动词的过去分词。故选择C。【答案】C26When _ you _ to learn to skate? Five years ago. Ado; start Bwill; start Chad; started Ddid; start【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意为“你什么时候开始学溜冰的？”“五年前。”从答语中可知谈论的是过去发生的事，所以本题应当用一般过去时，故答案为D。【答案】D27Where are you going for your holiday? Well, we _ yet. Ahavent decided Bhadnt decided Cdont decide Ddidnt decide【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意为“你们要去哪里度假？”“哦，我们还没决定呢。”从答语可知，谈论的是过去的事，但是对现在也造成了一定的影响，所以答语为现在完成时，故选A。【答案】A28The Summer Palace is wonderful.Have you ever visited any other interesting places? Yes.Also, we _ to the Great Wall. Ahave gone Bhave been Chad gone Dhad been【解析】本题考查时态与语态。根据问句中的“have”知，答语也应用现在完成时，排除C、D两项；have been to some place表示去过某地(已经回来)，而have gone to some place则表示去了某地(还未回来)，故排除A，选择B。【答案】B29Do you know if Cindy will drive to Italy this weekend? Cindy? Never! She _ driving. Ahas hated Bhated Cwill hate Dhates【解析】本题考查时态。根据语境知用一般现在时，主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词也应为单数第三人称。故选D。【答案】D30 The plane _ when we got to the airport. Ahad taken off Bwas taken off Cwill take off Dis taking off【解析】本题考查过去完成时。句意为“当我们赶到机场时，飞机已经起飞了。”故用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去。选A。【答案】A31Theres too much salt in the Chinese diet. So there is.The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt _ for each man every day. Ais needed Bneeds Cwill need Dhas needed【解析】考查被动语态。句子中有时间状语every day，所以此句为一般现在时。salt与need之间是被动关系，故此题答案为A。【答案】A32Have you read this book? Yes.I _ it two weeks ago. Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread【解析】根据时间状语two weeks ago 可以判断应用一般过去时，故答案应选D。【答案】D33Mum, can I go to the zoo with Linda? When your homework _， you can. Ais finished Bwas finished Cfinishes Dfinished【解析】作业被人做要用被动语态，答案C，D排除；又因是一般现在时，故答案选A。【答案】A34Do you like watching TV? Yes, I _.But only after I finish my homework. Aam Bdo Cdoes Ddid【解析】考查时态构成。上文为一般现在时疑问句，下文则用Yes, I do作简略回答。【答案】B35Lots of trees and flowers _ on both sides of Huanshan Road last year. Oh, thats beautiful. Aare planted Bwere planting Cwere planted Dhave planted【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。last year 是过去时态的标志，而一般过去时态的被动语态结构为was/were 动词的过去分词。主语trees and flowers 是复数，故用were 过去分词。【答案】C36 They _ her to the party, so she was very happy. Ainvite Binvited Cwill invite Dare inviting【解析】so引导因果关系的并列句，so后的句子是过去时，so前的句子的谓语动词也应用一般过去时。【答案】B37Mr.Green _ to the manager now.Youd better call him later. Atalk Btalked Cis talking Dwas talking【解析】句中有时间词now，故用现在进行时态。【答案】C38 It _ outside.Youd better take an umbrella with you. Arains Bis raining Crained Dhas rained【解析】句意为“外面在下雨，你最好随身带伞。”动作正在发生，所以用现在进行时态，故选B。【答案】B39How many cakes can I have, Mum? None, dear.They _ for your father. Aprepare Bprepared Chave prepared Dwere prepared【解析】主语they与谓语动词之间存在被动关系，故选D。【答案】D40Wheres your father，Tom?He _to Changsha. Agoes Bwent Chas gone【解析】本题考查时态。由上句句意“汤姆，你爸爸在哪里？”可知本句应为“他去了长沙”。表示“去了某地”用have/has gone to.。故选C。【答案】C41)Hello! Im very glad to see you.When _ you _here?Adid；arrive Bwill；arriveChave；arrived Dare；arriving【解析】本题考查时态。由Im very glad to see you.“很高兴见到你。”可知问对方是过去什么时候到达的，故用一般过去时。【答案】A42_you_the Beatles story?Yes.And their songs are popular.ADid；hear BDo；listen toCHave；heard of DHave；listened to【解析】本题考查时态及动词短语辨析。由问句句意“你听说过甲壳虫乐队的故事吗？”可知用现在完成时，故排除A、B两项；hear of“听说”，listen to“听”。故选C。【答案】C43)My grandmother_a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.Asees Bcan seeCwill see Dhas seen【解析】本题考查时态。在含有since引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句常用现在完成时。故选D。【答案】D44 The meeting _by the time I got there yesterday.Awas on Bhas been onChad begun Dhas begun【解析】本题考查时态。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作发生之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。由句意“昨天我到达那里的时候会议已经开始了”可知主句应用过去完成时，其结构为：had动词的过去分词。【答案】C45Excuse me，where is Mr Browns office?Sorry，I dont know.I_here for only a few days.Awork BworkedChave worked Dwill work【解析】本题考查动词时态。由时间状语for only a few days知用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has动词的过去分词。故选C。【答案】C46 He promised to pick me up at the school gate.However，he_yet.Adidnt arrive Bdoesnt arriveCisnt arriving Dhasnt arrived【解析】本题考查动词时态。yet意为“还”，是现在完成时的标志词，常用于现在完成时的疑问句或否定句中。句意为“他答应在校门口用车接我，可是现在还没有到。”【答案】D47Ive not finished my project yet.Hurry up! Our friends_for us.Await Bare waitingCwill wait Dhave waited【解析】本题考查动词时态。由“Hurry up！(快点！)”知“我们的朋友们正在等我们”，根据语境判断用现在进行时。【答案】B48 Betty will ring me up when she _in Beijing.Aarrive BarrivesCarrived Dwill arrive【解析】本题考查时态。在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。【答案】B49 John likes playing soccer very much and he _about one hour playing it every day.Aspent Bwill spendChas spent Dspends【解析】本题考查动词时态。由时间状语every day知用一般现在时，由主语he知用动词的第三人称单数形式，故选D。本句为表“花费”的常用结构：sb.spend(s)some money/timeon sth./(in) doing sth.。【答案】D50 By the end of last month，I _all the CDs of Justin Bieber.Acollect BcollectedChave collected Dhad collected【解析】本题考查过去完成时的用法。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。其结构为：had动词的过去分词。结合时间状语by the end of last month(到上个月末为止)知应用过去完成时。【答案】D51 Now my father_his bike to work every day instead of driving. Aride Brode Crides Dwill ride【解析】本题考查动词时态。由时间状语every day知用一般现在时，主语my father为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。【答案】C52 Paul and I _tennis yesterday.He did much better than I.Aplay Bwill playCplayed Dare playing【解析】本题考查时态。由时间状语yesterday知句子应用一般过去时。故选C。【答案】C53 Wheres Tom? His mother _him now.Ais looking for Bwill look forChas looked for Dlooks for【解析】本题考查时态。结合前句“汤姆在哪儿？”及后句时间状语now(现在)知句子应用现在进行时。现在进行时结构为be(am/is/are)动词现在分词。故选A。【答案】A54I have to be off right now.What a pity! I _ you could stay a little longer with us. Athink Bam thinking Cthought【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意为“我现在必须得离开了。”“多遗憾啊！我原来以为你和我们一起待的时间能长一点。”宾语从句中情态动词用了could，结合上句语境知主句用一般过去时。【答案】C55 Each time tourists travel to Beijing，they