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Unit 1 How do you study for a test?编 稿：赵吉存 审 稿：杭海 责 编：夏芳莲目标认知重点词汇：1. aloud 高声地、大声地 2. pronunciation发音、发音法3. differently 不同地、有区别地 4. pronounce发音5. quickly 快地、快速地 6. excited激动的、兴奋的7. slowly慢地、缓慢地 8. realize认识到、意识到9. mistake 错误、过失 10. afraid怕的、害怕的11. secret 秘密、诀窍 12. trouble 困难、苦恼、忧虑13. fast 快地、迅速地 14. deal处理15. unless 如果不、除非 16. regard看作、视为17. easily 容易地、简单地 18. influence 影响19. friendship 友谊、友情、友爱 20. frustrating 令人沮丧的、令人失望的重点词组及句型：1. not at all 根本不、全然不 2. end up 结束、告终3. make mistakes犯错误、出错误 4. first of all 开始、起初5. later on 以后、随后 6. be afraid to do害怕做某事7. laugh at 嘲笑、取笑 8. take notes 做笔记9. make up构成、组成 10. look up 查阅、查词典11. deal with 处理、处置 12. go by （时间）的过去、消失13. break off 终止、打断 14. try ones best to do 尽力做某事1.How do you study for a test? 你如何为考试而学习？ I study by listening to tapes. 我是通过听磁带来学习。2. Its too hard to understand. 听懂太难了。3. Some students had more specific suggestions. 一些学生有更独特的见解。4. Li Lianli, for example, said the best way to learn new words was by reading English magazines. 例如，李莲莉说学习英语新单词的最好的方法是阅读英语杂志。5. She said memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little. 她说记忆流行歌词也可以有一点帮助。6. Sometimes, however, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly. 然而， 有时候他发现看电影令人沮丧，因为那些人说得太快。7. First of all, it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked. 首先，对我来说，很难明白老师所讲的知识。8. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. 起初，她说得太快，我不是每个单词都能听懂。9. He also thinks that watching English movies isnt a bad way because he can watch the actor say the words. 他认为看英语电影是一种不错的方法，因为他能看到演员说英语。10. I dont have a partner to practice English with. 我没有一个可以一起练习英语的同伴。11. If you dont know how to spell new words, look them up in the dictionary.如果你不知道如何拼写新单词，就查字典。12. When we are angry, however, we are usually the ones affected.然而，当我们生气的时候，通常我们自己就是受影响的人。13. How do we deal with our problems? 我们如何处理我们的问题？14. As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in oureducation with the help of our teacher. 作为青年人，在老师的帮助下尽我们最大努力应对教育上的每一个挑战是我们的义务。日常用语：1.How do you study for a test? 你如何为考试而学习？ I study by listening to tapes. 我是通过听磁带来学习。2. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation？通过朗读来练习发音怎么样？3. You can always write the new words in your notebook and study them at home. 你可以总是把新单词写在你的笔记本上并在家里学习它们。4. You should find a pen pal. 你应该找一个笔友。5. Why dont you join an English language club to practice speaking English? 为什么不加入英语语言俱乐部来练习说英语？精讲巧练1. How do you study for a test? 你如何为考试而学习？ I study by listening to tapes. 我是通过听磁带来学习。（1）介词by的意思是“由、靠、用、通过”，by后面用名词、代词或者动名词形式作宾语。 例如：We study English by speaking with teacher. 我们通过与老师会话来学习英语。（2）by后面用名词的时候不用冠词，表示乘坐某种交通工具的意思。 例如：They go to work by bus. 他们乘坐公共汽车上班。随时练【考例】I usually go to school _ bus, but today I go there _ my fathers car.A. by; by B. by; onC. on; by D. by; in【答案与解析】答案是D。介词by和表示交通工具的名词连用中间不用冠词，如果名词前面用冠词或者物主代词的时候，用介词on ones bike，in ones car。2 Its too hard to understand. 听懂太难了。（1）句型betoo形容词（for somebody）to do something的意思是“对某人来说做某事太难了”，这个句型可以和not形容词enough to do/ so形容词that相互转换。例如：The math problem is too hard for me to understand.这个数学题对我来说太难了。随时练【考例】Your room is too dirty _.A. living B. to living C. to live D. to live in【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子是考查句型betoo形容词（for somebody）to do something的用法。后面用动词不定式，因为动词短语live in the room有介词in，所以不能丢掉介词in。3. Some students had more specific suggestions. 一些学生有更独特的见解。（1）本句子的单词specific是形容词，它的意思是“特别的、独特的、特有的,明确的 具体的”， 它还可以修饰名词。 例如：Our English teacher has a specific teaching style. 我们的英语老师有独特的教学风格。（2）suggestion是可数名词，它的意思是“建议、意见”，它的同义词advice是不可数名词， 一条建议是a piece of advice。 例如：Can you give us some suggestions of learning English？ 你能给我们一些学习英语的建议吗？随时练【考例】Mr. Wang often gives us some _ on our English study.A. advices B. suggestion C. advice D. way【答案与解析】答案是C。在some的后面可以用可数名词的复数形式，也可以用不可数名词，这里的advice是不可数名词，如果用suggestion/way应该是复数形式。4. Li LianLi, for example, said the best way to learn new words was by reading English magazines.例如：李莉莲说学习英语新单词的最好的方法是阅读英语杂志。（1）短语for example的意思是“例如”，它的同义短语是for instance。for example作插入语可以 放在句子的开头、中间或者句子末尾，一般用逗号隔开。 例如：For example, playing football in the street is very dangerous. 例如，在街道上踢足球是非常危险的。（2）the best way to do something的意思是“做某事的最好方法、最佳方式”，动词不定式作定语 修饰名词way。 例如：Can you tell us the best way to learn English? 你能告诉我们学习英语的最佳方式吗？随时练【考例】They said the best way _ there is by ship.A. going B. go C. to go D. went【答案与解析】答案是C。本句子是考查动词不定式作定语修饰名词的用法，短语the best way to do something是固定搭配。5. She said memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little. 她说记忆流行歌词也可以有一点帮助。（1）said的后面是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句用过去某种时态。 例如：My father said he would go to Beijing next week. 我爸爸说下星期他将去北京。（2）动名词短语作主语，如果是一般现在时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 例如：Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。随时练【考例】He said at that time he _ TV.A. watched B. is watching C. was watching D. would watch【答案与解析】答案是C。本句子的主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用过去某种时态，从时间状语at that time可以判断是用过去进行时。6. Sometimes, however, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly. 然而， 有时候他发现看电影令人沮丧，因为那些人说得太快。（1）however是副词，它的意思是“然而”，可以放在句子开头、中间或者结尾，用逗号隔开。和 but是同义词，但是but是并列连词。 例如：Your brother is young, but he knows a lot about the language. 你弟弟很年轻，但他对语言知识了解很多。（2）frustrating是形容词，它的意思是“令人沮丧的”，另一个形容词是frustrated，它的意思是 “让人感到沮丧的”。类似的形容词：interesting/interested ，exciting/excited。随时练【考例】I found it _ that I cant understand them.A. frustrate B. frustrating C. frustrated D. to frustrate【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子是用形容词作宾语补足语。形容词frustrating是表示“某事令人沮丧”的意思。7. First of all, it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked. 首先，对我来说，很难明白老师所讲的知识。（1）first of all的意思是“首先、第一”，经常用在句子的开头，用逗号隔开。 例如：First of all, we must go there by plane. 首先，我们得乘飞机去那里。（2）句型It is/was +形容词for somebodyto do something的意思是“对某人来说做某事是怎么 样的”。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 例如：Its good for you to eat more vegetables. 对你来说多吃蔬菜是有好处的。随时练【考例】Its not polite for you _ loudly to the old men.A. speak B. to shout C. talk D. talked【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以用动词不定式。8. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. 起初，她说得太快，我不是每个单词都能听懂。动词不定式短语to begin with的意思是“开始、起初”，这是一个习惯用语，经常放在句子开头。例如：To begin with, we havent got enough money. 起初，我们的钱不够用。动词短语begin with的意思是“以开始”，和start with是同义词短语，它的反义词短语是end up（以结束）。例如：This class begins with an English song. 这节课以一首英语歌曲开始。随时练【考例】The meeting begins _ laughing and ends up _.A. to；cry B. with; crying C. of; to cry D. to; crying【答案与解析】答案是B。动词短语begin和介词with搭配，end和介词up搭配。介词的很忙用动名词形式作宾语。所以选择B。9. He also thinks that watching English movies isnt a bad way because he can watch the actor say the words. 他认为看英语电影是一种不错的方法，因为他能看到演员说英语。（1）动词短语watch somebody do something的意思是“看到某人做某事”，用省略to的动词不定式在句子中作宾语补足语。类似的动词短语还有：see/hear/notice somebody do something。（2）这些动词的后面还可以用动名词作宾语补足语，表示看到某人正在做某事的意思。例如：We hear your sister singing in the room. 我们听到你妹妹在房间在唱歌。随时练【考例】We watch your mother _ your room just now.A. to enter B. to go C. enter D. go【答案与解析】答案是C。本句子是在动词watch的后面用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，从句子的意思理解用go还需要加介词into。enter的意思是进入，不需要用介词。10. I dont have a partner to practice English with. 我没有一个可以一起练习英语的同伴。（1）动词不定式短语to practice English with作定语修饰名词partner。partner作介词with的宾 语，所以介词with不能省略。（2）动词不定式短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。 例如：We have many questions to ask. 我们有许多问题要问。随时练【考例】We dont have a room _ at the moment.A. live B. live in C. to live D. to live in【答案与解析】答案是D。动词不定式短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。动词不定式短语和名词有动宾关系，而且动词是不及物动词，所以介词in不能省略。11. If you dont know how to spell new words, look them up in the dictionary. 如果你不知道如何拼写新单词，就查字典。（1）how to spell new words是有特殊疑问词how动词不定式构成的动词不定式短语， 在某些动词的后面作宾语。 例如：I dont know what to do next. 我不知道下一步向什么。（2）动词短语look up的意思是“查词典”或者查阅信息。如果是名词作宾语可以放在动词短语的后面 或者中间；如果是代词作宾语，放在动词短语的中间。随时练【考例】If you dont know the meaning of the word, you can_ in the dictionary.A. look it over B. look it up C. find D. look up it【答案与解析】答案是B。从句子的意思了解是查词典的意思，动词短语look up是表示查词典的意思，如果是代词作宾语要放在动词短语的中间。12. When we are angry, however, we are usually the ones affected. 然而，当我们生气的时候，通常我们自己就是受影响的人。（1）这是主从复合句，when引导的时间状语从句，we usually the ones affected是主句。（2）affected是过去分词，作定语修饰the ones，相当于定语从句who are affected。随时练【考例】Have you ever read the novel _ by Lu Xun? No, never.A. was written B. writes C. written D. writing【答案与解析】答案是C。本句子是考查过去分词的用法，用过去分词作定语修饰名词novel相当于定语从句which was written。13. How do we deal with our problems? 我们如何处理我们的问题？（1）动词短语deal with的意思是“处理”。 例如：You should deal with many problems during the match. 在比赛中你要处理许多问题。（2）deal with还可以表示“对付、收拾”的意思。 例如：Your partner is easy to deal with. 你的伙伴好对付。随时练【考例】You should learn _ these problems.A. how to deal with B. what to deal with C. how to deal D. what to deal【答案与解析】答案是A。动词不定式短语how to deal with作宾语。动词deal是不及物动词，与后面的名词有动宾关系，所以介词with不能省略。14. As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teacher. 作为青年人，在老师的帮助下尽我们最大努力应对教育上的每一个挑战是我们的义务。（1）As young adults在本句子中作状语，as是介词，它的意思是“作为”。 例如：We learn English as a second language. 我们把英语作为第二语言来学习。（2）try ones best to do something的意思是“尽某人最大努力做某事”。 例如：You should try your best to do your work well. 你应该尽最大努力做好你的工作。（3）with the help of somebodywith ones help，它的意思是“在某人的帮助下”， with不能用under来代替。 例如：With the help of my mother, I can finish my work on time. 在我妈妈的帮助下，我按时完成工作。随时练【考例】We all passed the exam _ the help of our teacher.A. under B. on C. in D. with【答案与解析】答案是D。表示在某人的帮助下用介词短语with the help of，不能用under。写作进行时某学校决定让学生轮流打扫厕所，以此作为教育学生的一种方式。这件事在学生中引起强烈的反应，请把下面不同的意见整理成为书面材料报告给学校。同意不同意1. 多数学生是独生子女，不会做事。1. 很脏，学生容易生病。2. 学会做艰苦的工作。2. 不是学生应该做的事情。3. 学会理解和尊重清洁工的劳动。3. 打扫教室就够了。注意：1. 短文应该包括表格所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要逐字翻译。 2. 100个单词左右，开头给出，不计单词数。 3. 提示词：尊重 respect写作过程：(1) 审题 ：要求给出答案：写汇报材料，介绍不同的观点，说明和介绍用一般现在时。(2) 列出相关的短语和句子：1.Its good for students to clean the toilet. 2. Most are the only child in the family, seldom do housework. 3. Its necessary for them to learn how to do hard work and how to respect the cleaners. 4. Others disagree with it. 5. Doing that can make the students fall ill. 6. Its not the students duty. 7. Cleaning the classroom is enough. (3) 谋篇（即句型，连接词）：1. Because. 2. and 3. so 4. but 5. As a student(4) 写作：Some students say _ _范文：Some students say its good for students to clean the toilet. Why? Because most of the students are the only child in their family, and they seldom do the housework at home. They think the most important thing for them is to study hard. So its necessary for them to learn how to do hard work and how to respect the cleaners. But other students disagree with it. They say doing some cleaning like that usually makes the students fall ill because its dirty. The students have to clean the classroom, and its enough. As a student, the most important thing is to study hard and get great progress.一、特殊疑问词how的用法：1. 用来询问方式和手段的时候用how。 例如：How do you go to school? 你如何去上学的？ By bike. 骑自行车。2. 用来彼此之间打招呼、问候、询问身体状况的时候用how。 例如：How are you? 你好吗？Fine, thank you. 很好，谢谢你。3. 询问天气的时候用how。 例如：How is the weather today? 今天的天气怎么样？Its cloudy. 阴天。4. 询问年龄的时候用how old。 例如：How old is your sister? 你妹妹多大了？She is five. 她五岁了。5. 征求对方对某人或者某事的看法和建议用how about，相当于what about。 例如：How about going there on foot? 步行去那里如何？6. 可以构成固定短语：how many（much）问多少，how far问距离，how long/heavy/tall/wide 询问物体的长、宽、高、重，how often 问频率，how soon 问多久。二、表示“通过、用、借助”的短语用法1. 介词短语bydoing something表示“通过某种方式来做某事”的意思，也是本单元重点短语。 这个结构在句子中作状语，通常表示通过或者借助某种方式、手段来做某事而达到某种目的。 例如：The old man makes a living by repairing shoes. 这个老年人通过修鞋来谋生。2. with名词表示运用某种工具或者自己的某种器官来做某事。 例如：We can see something with our eyes. 我们用眼睛来看东西。3. in名词表示“使用某种材料或者语言”。例如：Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗？4. 动词use也表示用的意思，但它在句子中作谓语。 例如：May I use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗？Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark编 稿：赵吉存 审 稿：杭海 责 编：夏芳莲目标认知重点词汇：1. dark 黑暗 2. terrify使害怕、使恐惧3. insect 昆虫 4. chew 咀嚼5. death死亡 6. afford 买得起7. cause造成、引起 8. chat 聊天9. patient有耐性的、忍耐的 10. decision决定、决心11. necessary 必须的、必要的 12. waste 浪费、滥用重点词组及句型：1. used to过去常常 2. be interested in 对感兴趣3. be afraid（terrified）of 害怕、恐怕 4. being alone 独自一人5. on the swim team 在游泳队 6. with the bedroom light on 开着卧室的灯7. give up放弃 8. go to sleep 入睡9. get into trouble with陷入麻烦中 10. make a decision下决心11. to ones surprise令人惊奇的是 12. take pride in引以为自豪13. pay attention to注意 14. no longer不再1. I used to be afraid of dark. 我过去常常害怕黑暗。2. Dont you remember me? 难道你不记得我了吗？3. You are Paula, arent you? 你是葆拉，对吗？4 But now I am more interested in sports. 但现在我对体育运动更感兴趣。5. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。6. These days, I hardly ever have time for concert. 这些日子，我几乎没有时间去音乐会了。7. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but now I just dont have the time anymore. 在我上中学以前，我常常花费很多时间和朋友们一起玩游戏，但现在再也没有这么多时间了。8. My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 在过去的几年里，我的生活发生很大变化。9. It will make you stressed out. 它会使你压力很大。10. His mother looked after him as much as she could.他的妈妈尽她所能来照顾他。11. Martins life became much more difficult. 马丁的生活变得越来越难。12. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 于梅似乎改变了许多。13. To do this, she had to work, and so was not often at home. 为了做这个，她不得不工作，因此不经常在家。14. My mother helped me to understand how much she had given me. 我的妈妈帮助我明白了她给予了我多少。15. She also told me even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, and would always take pride in everything good I do.她还告诉我，虽然我的父亲不再和我们在一起了，但他还在注视着我，并且将为我做的每一件好事而感到自豪。日常用语：1. Paula, is that you? 葆拉，是你吗？Yes, it is.是的，我是。2. Dont you remember me? 你不记得我了吗？3. You used to be short and quiet. 你过去很矮并且很安静。 Yes, but now I am tall and outgoing. 是的，但是现在我长高了，也开朗了。4. I used to eat candy all the time. Did you? 我过去一直吃糖，你呢？ Yes, I did. And I used to chew gum a lot. 是的，我过去吃口香糖很多。精讲巧练1. I used to be afraid of dark. 我过去常常害怕黑暗。（1.）used to表示过去的一种行为和习惯，它的后面用动词原形，否定句和疑问句用助动词did，也可以用used的本身。例如：My sister used to be short. 我妹妹过去很矮。（2.）used to do something是表示“过去常常做某事”的意思；be/get used to doing something是表示“习惯于做某事”的意思。例如：I used to go to school on foot. 我过去常常步行去上学。You will be used to living there. 你会习惯住在那里的。随时练【考例】I _ be short. But now I am taller.A. didnt used B. used to C. use to D. am used to【答案与解析】答案是B。从句子的意思理解是“过去我很矮但是现在高多了”，所以用used to表示“过去曾经、常常”的意思。2 Dont you remember me? 难道你不记得我了吗？（1.）在是否定形式的一般疑问句，表示一种反问、惊奇的语气。例如：Cant you see I am very busy now? 难道你没有看见我很忙吗？（2.）要注意该句型的肯定和否定回答，在翻译的时候和汉语不同。例如：Havent you ever been to Beijing? 难道你没有去过北京吗？Yes, I have. 不，我去过。No, I havent. 是的，我没有去过。随时练【考例】Havent you seen the film? _. I saw it last week.A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent. C. Yes, I havent D. No, I have【答案与解析】答案是A。从对话后面的句子“我上星期看的”，可以判断是肯定回答“我看过了”，用Yes表示“不”的意思，是对话前面的句子否定。3. You are Paula, arent you? 你是葆拉，对吗？（1.）这是一个反意疑问句，表示提出情况和看法，询问对方同意不同意。反意疑问句的特点是：前面肯定后面否定，前面否定后面肯定；前后两个句子的时态要保持一致。例如：Your father doesnt like reading, does he? 你爸爸不喜欢阅读，是不是？（2.）一些特殊的反意疑问句：有few，hardly，never，no，nothing等词是表示否定，后面的疑问用肯定形式。例如：Few students can answer this question, can they? 几乎没有学生能够回答这个问题，对不对？陈述句有不定代词作主语，后面疑问部分主语用it。例如：Nothing is wrong with my bike, is it? 我的自行车没有毛病，对不对？随时练【考例】Dont be late for school next time, _?A. shall we B. do you C. will you D. dont you【答案与解析】答案是C。祈使句的反意疑问句用will you或者wont you。如果是否定形式的祈使句用will you来反问。4 But now I am more interested in sports. 但现在我对体育运动更感兴趣。（1.）句子中的but now引导的句子是和前面used to引导的句子形成对比，表示过去所发生的动作现在不在发生。例如：My father used to smoke a lot, but now he has given it up.我的爸爸过去抽烟多，但现在他戒烟了。（2.）interested是多音节的形容词，它的比较级是用more形容词。例如：It is more difficult than you thought. 它比你想象的要困难多。随时练【考例】I think your shirt is _ than your sisters.A. long B. more big C. beautiuler D. more beautiful【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子是考查形容词的比较级用法。选项A是形容词原形，B的比较级是bigger。beautiful是多音节的形容词，它的比较级是用more形容词，所以选择D。5. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。本句子的介词with引导的介词短语表示伴随状态。表示一个动作伴随另一个动作同时发生或者进行。例如：Dont do your homework with the radio on. 不要开着收音机做你的家庭作业。随时练【考例】Our teacher came into the classroom _ a book in his hand.A. with B. in C. up D. on【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查介词短语表示伴随的用法。本句子的意思是“我们的老师手里拿着一本书进入教室”，用介词with表示拿着书和进入教室同时发生。6. These days, I hardly ever have time for concert. 这些日子，我几乎没有时间去音乐会了。hardly是表示否定意义的单词，它经常用在动词的前面或者连系动词、助动词、情态动词的后面，hardly相对应almost not。例如：It was difficult, so you can hardly finish it by yourself. 它很难，你自己不可能独自完成。随时练【考例】They can hardly do their homework, _?A. do they B. dont they C. can they D. cant they【答案与解析】答案是C。本句子是考查反意疑问句的用法，前面的句子有hardly表示否定，所以后面的句子用肯定形式。前面句子有情态动词can，后面的附加疑问句用can they。7. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but now I just dont have the time anymore. 在我上中学以前，我常常花费很多时间和朋友们一起玩游戏，但现在再也没有这么多时间了。（1.）本句子是有but引导的并列句，but的前面又有before引导的时间状语从句。（2.）动词spend是“花费”的意思，spend名词onsomething或者spend名词（in）doingsomething表示“在某方面花费时间、金钱”的意思。例如：I spent two hundred Yuan on that new bike. 买那辆新自行车花费我200元。随时练【考例】We often spend two hours _ our homework every.A. do B doing C. did D. to do【答案与解析】答案是B。表示“在做某事方面花费时间或者金钱”用spend on名词或者spend doing，所以用动名词形式。8. My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 在过去的几年里，我的生活发生很大变化。（1.）a lot用在动词的后面修饰动词表示做事的程度。例如：I know a lot about Chinese history. 我对中国历史了解很多。a lot的后面可以用可数名词的复数，也可以用不可数名词表示许多的意思。（2.）in the last few years表示“在过去的几年里”，这个时间状语代表现在完成时。它的同义词是：in the past few years。其他表示现在完成时的时间状语有：already，yet，since，ever since，recently，so far等。随时练【考例】Great changes _ in China in the past few years.A. took place B. have taken place C. happen D. take place【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子的时间状语in the past few years的意思是“在过去的几年里”，它和现在完成时连用。9. It will make you stressed out. 它会使你压力很大。本句子的动词make作为使役动词表示“让、使”，它的宾语补足语一般由形容词来充当；如果是动词不定式充当宾语补足语，要用省略to的动词不定式。例如：Working too much makes me tired. 太多的工作使我疲劳。My father makes me do my homework every day. 我的爸爸迫使我每天做家庭作业。随时练【考例】What you said just now made me _ angry
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