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2014语法词法专题精品教案四状语从句【要点点拨】近几年高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：【考点1】when，while与as的用法 均可表示“当的时候”，但有区别：when：既可接表示动作性或短暂性的动词，也可接表示状态的动词，不强调主从句谓语动作同时发生。有时还有“这时”的意思。while：常接持续性的动词，强调主从句谓语动作同时发生，常用进行时。有时还有对比意义，意为“然而”。as：强调同时发生或伴随进行。常用一般现在时或过去时，意为“一边一边”。有时还有“随着”含义。 I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. sinceB. whileC. whenD. as 【考点2】“一就”几种表达法once，as soon as，the moment / minute，immediately / directly / instantly引导的从句常用一般现在时或过去时。hardly / scarcely when和no sooner than 结构中，前句常用过去完成式（常用部分倒装形式），后句用过去式。On doing sth.，each / every / the first / the last + time 后也可直接接从句，一起作时间状语。 Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. whileB. the momentC. suddenlyD. once【考点3】because，as，since与for的用法比较 because：表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的问题。because与so不能同时并列使用。 since：表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。译为“既然”。 as：表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系。 for：常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，且不可位于句首。 _ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight. A. For B. SinceC. WhenD. while【考点4】no matter后可接who，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，how，whether引导的让步主语从句可用whoever，whomever，whenever，whichever，whatever，wherever，however替换，但在ever引导其它从句时不可用no matter引导。 _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. A. However the study is amusingB. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story isD. No matter how the story is amusing【考点5】until / till的用法 It was _ back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he goB. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didnt go Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in the grade. A. afterB. unlessC. untilD. when 【考点6】引导让步主语从句应注意等几个问题 1由although / though ， even if / though引导 注意although / though 引导从句时，主句不能用but，但可用yet或still。2由whether or (not) 引导3由though或as引导的倒装句中。4though用作副词，可位于句末，并用逗号分开。 Dad, Ive finished my assignment. Good, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. A. wheneverB. whetherC. whateverD. no matter【考点7】before用法 注意before在下列句型中的使用 It will be + 一段时间 + before + 从句 It wont be long before + 从句 before一词在不同的句型中就有不同的意思，如：“在之前”、“过了才”、“没就”、“不知不觉就”等。 It will be a long time _ Mr. Black _ back abroad. A. before; comes B. since; has come C. before; will come D. after; will come【考点8】where引导的定语从句与where引导的地点状语从句的区别 I have learned that a large new building will be set up _ the Twin Towers once stood. So have I. But the American people havent yet got over the shock of September 11. A. whereB. whenC. whichD. that 【考点9】so that 可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句 Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. A. becauseB. so thatC. even ifD. as【考点10】状语从句的省略用法1当when，while，if，unless引导状语从句时，如果主从句的主语一致，且谓语部分由be动词构成（或者从句中有it is）时，可省略主语和be动词（或省略it is）。2在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句中有had，should，were时，可省略if，用“had，should，were + 主语”形式。3 以as，than引导的比较状语从句可全部或部分省去。4as if 和as though 从句可用省略形式，后接不定式、分词、形容词和介词。 The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (A. when takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken答案：BBBCC CBAAB DB【各个击破】1_, I couldnt lift the box. A. As I might tryB. Try although I might C. As try I mightD. Try as I might2The next moment, _ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit over the head. A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. as 3Do you have any idea what Hank does all day? I know he speaks at least as much time watching TV as he _. A. does writingB. writesC. is writingD. does to write4If the way _ you do the job is wrong, you will surely fail _ good your idea may be. A. how; howeverB. /; howeverC. that; whateverD. in which; how5She must have gone out early, _ she had not shown up at breakfast. A. becauseB. sinceC. forD. therefore6I dont think youll be able to understand that _ you are my age. A. evenB. only whenC. as ifD. even when7Dont look down upon Bob. He has just own advantages. Oh, yes. _ others are weak, he is strong. A. WhenB. ThoughC. WhereD. If8 Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though _ out of the office. A. to goB. wentC. goneD. would go9Excuse me, is there a gas station around _ I can fill up my tank? Of course, there is one at the end of the road. A. thatB. in whichC. whereD. which10I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed some medical treatment. A. so thatB. in caseC. for fear ofD. though11Mr. Li, though in a bad health, is always well prepared _ students attend his lecture. A. in order thatB. so far asC. whoeverD. however many12The earth goes around the sun _ the moon goes around the earth. A. so thatB. just likeC. just asD. as how13Doing your homework is a way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _ it _ classroom tests. A. before; getsB. as; makesC. since; takesD. when; comes to14When he reads books, his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him. A. thereB. whereverC. the placeD. in which15It was not _ he took off his dark glasses _ I realized he was a famous football star.A. when; thatB. until; didC. when; thenD. until; that简 单 句【要点提示】1、感叹句：感叹句有两个基本句式句式： 1）What + N. phrase + subject + be / v. ! 这里的名词短语有以下三种可能：a、 a / an + adj. + 名词单数 b、adj. + 名词复数 c、adj. + 不可数名词e.g. What a lovely boy he is! What sweet flowers they are! What cold weather it is! 2) How + adj. + the + N.(单数、复数、不可数)+ subject + be / link-v.e.g. How lovely the boy is! How sweet the flowers are! How could the weather is! How smooth the silk feels! 另：上两种感叹句可以相互转换有时, 在上下文明确的情况下，可以省略How后面的形容词。e.g. How (fast / well)the students work! How well / beautifully)she sings!2、反意疑问句：1) 反意疑问句一般遵循：前面肯定，反意部分否定、前面否定反意部分肯定的原则。e.g. He likes playing football, doesnt he? You dont watch TV in the evening, do you? 注：a、当前否后肯时，要注意它的答局的意思。e.g. She doesnt speak English, does she? Yes, she does.(不，她讲英语的) No, she doesnt. (是的，不讲) 2）祈使句的反意部分用wont you?/ shant we? 或will you?/ shall we? 但常用will you?/ shall we?e.g Lend me a hand, will you? Let us pass through the room, will you? Dont make any noise, will you? Lets play tennis now, shall we? 3）含有否定意思的副词：hardly、no、not、never、seldom、little、scarcely 等，属于准否定词，用于句中时，该句即为否定句。 e.g. He hardly goes home on Sundays, does he? The little boy seldom tells lies, does he?但是像unfair、useless、impossible、dislike等词，虽然也有否定意思，但由于它们是在一个词前加前缀dis- / im- / un- 等或在词后加后缀 -less构成的，不属于准否定词。当这些词用于句中时，该句并不是否定句，即：反意部分仍然用否定式。e.g. You dislike the way he speaks, dont you? It is impossible to finish the work in three hours, isnt it? 4) must 表示推测时，反意部分用must后面的动词的相应助动词形式。e.g. He must know both English and French, doesnt he? She must have know the answer to the question, hasnt she? They must have visited the farm last week, didnt they? 注意：a、Let me引起的祈使句，反意部分用will you? / wont you? / may I。 b、当陈述部分的主语是：body或one 构成的不定代词时，反意部分的主语用he或they；是thing 时，用it。 c、I am . 的反意部分用arent I? 3、双宾语：有些英语动词可以接双宾语，句式为： subject + vt. + sb.(间接宾语)+ sth.（直接宾语） 英语中，能接双宾语的常用动词有：ask、promise、cause、play、leave、make、do、bring、buy、reach、order、teach、offer、serve、show、tell、wish. 。 e.g. Can I ask you a question, Sir? She made me a model ship for my birthday. 注：带双宾语的句子可以被改为 subject + vt. + sth(直接宾语)+ 介词 + sb. 的形式。 其中的介词，常用的有：to、 for、 of .。归纳如下：hand owe pay post promise read return send show teachsth. to sb.boil buy draw choose earn find gather order save sing sth. for sb.ask request demand sth.of / from sb. 另还有：play a joke / trick on sb ; play a game with / against sb. e.g. Excuse me, you demand too much from / of me. May I ask a question of you?4、句型：Subject + link-v. + n. / adj. 在该句型中的系动词有特定含义，有“人称、数、时态”等形式变化。常用的有： 显得：look , appear , seem 变得：become , come , fall , get , go , grow , run , turn 持续是：continue , keep , remain , stand , stay 听（闻、尝、摸）起来：sound, smell, taste, feel 证明是：prove e.g. His words proved right. The dish smells wonderful.5、有些动词不表示动作，而表示事物的特性，用主动形式表示被动含义，这类动词有： wash, write, sell, drive, feel, hang.等。 e.g. Some pictures are hanging on the wall. This kind of car drive smooth and fast. The pen writes well so sells well.【各个击破】1. _ nice weather it is! Lets go out for a walk, shall we? A. HowB. How aC. What aD. What2. Nothing wrong with it, _? No. Yours is a special-built model. Drive carefully, though. It takes time to run in a new car. A. is itB. has itC. are theyD. is there3. He had little idea that it was getting so late, _? A. didnt heB. wasnt itC. did heD. was it4. Polly must be unhappy without me, _ she? A. mustB. isC. mustntD. isnt5. Im late, _? A. am I B. am not I C. arent I D. arent you6. Lets go to the cinema, _? A. shall weB. will you C. will weD. dont we7. She didnt come to school yesterday, did she? _, though she was not feeling very well. A. No, she didntB. Yes, she didnt C. No, she did D. Yes, she did8. Alice, you feed (喂) the bird today, _ ? But I fed it yesterday. A. do youB. will you C. didnt youD. dont you9. The boy is unlike his mother, _ he? A. isB. isnt C. doesnt D. does10. Do be careful when you cross the street, _ you? A. dontB. arent C. will D. must习惯用法【要点点拨】1. Its the first time that.(从句中用现在完成时)It was for the first time that(强调句，对状语for the first time进行强调)Its (high) time that.(从句中用过去时或should do)2. Its the same with sb. / So it is with sb.表示某人也如此（用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词）3.be about to do / be doingwhen.正要做/正在做就在那时.4 A is twice / three times as +原级+as BA is twice / three times the n. of B. A is twice / three times +比较级+than B5. I ts a waste of time / money doing / to doIts no use / good doingIts possible / probable / (un) likely that.It makes great / no sense to do做某事很有/没意义6. Theres no use / good doing.Theres no sense / point (in) doingThere is no need for sth. / to do.There is (no) possibility that（同位语从句）7.The+比较级., the+比较级越., 越.注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时；8. It seems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb.在某人看来某人.= Sb. seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.It seems / looks as if.好象/似乎.9.It (so) happened that sb. .某人碰巧.= Sb. happened to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.10.It is said / thought / believed / hoped / supposed .that sb=Sb. is said to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hope sb. to do结构)12 .such.that.如此.以致于（引导结果状语从句） .such.as像.的这种(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)13. Do you mind if I do sth.? / Would you mind if I did sth.?14. The chance is that./ (The )Chances are that.很可能.15.Check / Make sure / See to it / See that.(从句中常用一般现在时) 确信/务必.16. depend on it that.取决于 see to it that.负责/设法做到.注意：除了except / but / in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；17 It is / was +介词短语/ 从句/ 名词/代词等+that How / When / Where / Why is / was it that.?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别）18 .How is it that.（这几个句型都表示“怎么会.?” “怎么发生的？”） How come+从句？ How does / did sth. come about? ( How did it come about that.?)如:How come you are late again?19. There seems / appears / happens to be / must be / cant be / is (are, was, were) said to be / is (are, was, were) thought to be.表示 “.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/ 据说有/认为有.” 介词（如of ）there being want / wish / expect there to be要/希望/期待有. adj. / adv. enough for there to be.足够.会有.注意：there being / there to be为there be的非谓语形式；It is said / thought that there is / are=There is / was / are / were said (thought) to be. 如：I have never dream of there being such a good chance for me.It wont be cold enough for there to be a frost tonight.20. 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？Who do you think hell have attend the meeting?21. But for+n. / pron., sb. / sth. would (not) have done.要不是., 某人早就(表示虚拟语气)=If it had not been for.,./ If there had not been ., .22. It won(t) be long be fore +从句（从句中用一般现在时）不久/很久就要. It was (not) long before+从句（从句中用一般过去时）不久/很久才.23. Those who.(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式). Anyone who= Whoever.(从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)24.主句（一般现在时或过去时）.when从句.(might / should do 或might / should have done) 表示”对比”,意思为 “本该(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气,如:Why are you here when you should be in school?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?He stopped trying when he might have succeeded .本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25. There is ./ Sb. have no doubt that(同位语从句,that不可省略)There is / Sb. have some doubt whether.(同位语从句不可用if) Sb. doubt if / whether. Sb. dont doubt that26 . immediately / directly / instantly / the moment +从句 on / upon + n. / doing No sooner had sb. done than .(过去时) Hardly had sb. done when.(过去时)注意：这几个结构都表示“一.就”；27. every time / each time / the last time / the first time / next time +从句（名词性短语引导一个时间状语句）anywhere / everywhere +从句（相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句）You can go anywhere you like.Next time you come, please bring your son along.28.If only / I wish +从句(用过去类时态) 表示虚拟语气, “要是.就好了” “但愿就好了!”29 .Considering + n. 或 pron. 或 that从句 / Seeing that.考虑到/鉴于.Given + n. / pron作状语,表示 “在有的情况下” “如果有” “假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should help him now.Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.Given their inexperience / that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.30.There was a time when.曾经有那么一度.31.other than与no, not, none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:It was none other than Mr. Smith.这正是Smith先生.32. Not until.did / do/ does / will sb. doIt was / is not until that sb33.Its (un) like sb. to do / to have done做某事很像某人/ 做某事可不像某人34.It remains to be seen Wh-words .是否.还有待于看.(不用that, if作连接词)35.It only remains for sb. to do剩下的只是要某人做某事.Weve got everything ready. It only remains for you to come to dinner.36.One moment., and now刚才一会儿还在做而现在却.37.Not all / both / everyone表示部分否定38. Such is / are.这(些)就是.(谓语动词单复数由后面名词决定)39. Id rather (not) do / have done我宁愿. Id rather +从句（从句中用过去时或过去完成时）40. Its important / necessary / strange / surprising.+that(用陈述语气或should do)41. I like / hate / appreciate it that / when等从句 (it表示后面从句的这种情况)I appreciate it if you will give me a hand.42. By the time +从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句（将来完成时/过去完成时）43., as is often the case with sb. / as is usual with sb.(as引导非限制性定语从句)44 in case / lest / for fear that.(从句中用陈述语气或should do)45.While置于句首可表示As long as 或 AlthoughWhile there is life there is hope.While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones.46. can not ( never) too +adj. (adv. ) / adj. (adv.) + enough “越越好”“非常” too + adj. ( anxious / eager / willing / ready / glad等)+to do.表示肯定意思I cant thank you enough.我非常感激你.He was too glad to see his father.=He was very glad to see his father.47. not / neve等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：-Do you agree with his suggestion? -I cant agree more.48. What if.要是.怎么办？What if he doesnt come tomorrow?49. more.than与其.不如.He is more nervous than frightened. 50. It is / has been +一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际表示的意思相反)It is two years since he drank.他不喝酒已两年了.【各个击破】1. Mr. Smith didnt understand _ made his son so upset this morning.A. what was it B. why it was this C. how that was D. what it was that2. -Did you have a good sleep last night?-Yes, never sleep _.A. badly B. better C. worse D. best3. We are only _ glad to do anything we can _ her.A. too; to help B. very; help C too; help D. very; helping4. -How come you are late for class again?-_.A. Because I missed the bus B. By bus and then on footC. Please excuse me D. Its quite wrong5. _more than 3,000 languages in the world.A. There are thought to be B. There is thought to beC. They are thought to be D. It is thought to be6. -George is a wise person.-But in my opinion, he is _ than wise.A. cleverer B. braver C. more brave D. less brave7. -So can I ask you a few fairly straightforward questions about yourself?-No problem. I like _ when people are open and direct.A. that B. this C. it D. them8. -_I move the picture over here?-I suppose itll look better.A. How if B. What about C. How about D. What if9. China has produced _ this year as it did in 2002.A. as twice much steel B. twice steel as muchC. twice as much steel D. as much steel twice10.-_was it _ you discovered the secret of his? -Totally by chance.A. How; when B. What; that C. What; when D. How; that11.-Who on earth could it be? -It was _ other than Clint Eastwood.A. none B. nothing C. not D. nobody12._his age, he did it quite well, so dont _ him any more.A Given; blame B. Considered; say C. To regard; scold D. Considering; speak13.No sooner _ themselves in their seats in the theatre _ the curtain went up.A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than14. -Did you meet with the famous space hero, Yang Liwei? -_I had come here earlier!A. If only B. If not C. But for D. For fear15.The students expected _ more reviewing classes before the final exams.A. it would be B. there being C. it to be D. there to be16.Students shouldnt be given so difficult a problem _ they can not work out.A. that B. which C. while D. as17. It was twelve oclock at midnight _ they arrived at a lonely village.A. that B. before C. since D. when18.-The exam wasnt difficult, was it? -No, but I dont think _could pass it.A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody19.-I always take care when doing papers on the computer. -You meant it! One can not be _careful working on it.A. too B. very C. so D. quite20.-Is Miss White working these days? -No. It is two months since she worked here. -Oh,_?A. where is she working now B. would you please show me the wayC. which is her office D. is she ill交际用语易错常考的日常交际用语1. 问候和应答 A: How are you doing? B: Fine, thank you. / Just so-so.A: Please remember me to your parents. B: Sure, I will.2. 介绍和应答A: This is Mr./ Mrs./ Miss/ Ms Brown. B: Hello!/ How do you do ?/ Nice to meet you!3. 告别 See you (later)! / G
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