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四、动词1、动词的分类：类 别意 义例 句实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。可分为及物动词vt，其后接宾语和不及物动词vi，不接宾语。She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。Im reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。Twins usually look the same.双胞胎通常看起来一样。The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。He doesnt speak English. 他不说英语。Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗？We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。(be也可作助动词)情态动词本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。You can keep the books for two weeks.这些书你可以借两个星期。May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？We must go now. 我们现在得走了。2、规则动词变化表：规 则变 化原形动词结尾情况现在时单三人称现 在 分 词过去式和过去分词一般情况+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es+ing+ed辅音字母+y结尾yi,+es+ingyi,+ed重读闭音节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅音字母,+ing双写辅音字母,+ed不发音的e结尾+s去掉e,+ing+die结尾+siey,+ing+d不规则变化havehas；beis(无) (见不规则动词变化表)注意：在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。如：prefer-preferring preferred （更喜欢）; refer referring referred（参考；涉及）; occur occurring occurred（发生；出现）s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读s；在浊辅音后和元音后读z。如：maps；refersed的读音规则：在清辅音后读t；在浊辅音后和元音后读d；在t、d后读id。 如：hunted巩固练习:1）请为下列动词加上正确的第三人称单数，ing形式，过去式和过去分词。 go walk come speak play rush stop prefer fire carry type 2) 请填入正确的动词形式。1. Look! The children_ _(enjoy) themselves at the zoo.2. He _(watch) TV and _ _(read) an interesting book on Saturday evening.3. Ken _ _(water) the plants every day.4. I _(play) football on the playground next Monday.5. The workers _ _ (have) sports on the playground now.6. You_ _(invite) to the wedding. Why didnt you go?7. Cheese_ _(make) from milk. 8. The book_ _ (write) in Spanish and a few years ago it_ _ (translate) into English.动词的时态和语态时态分类谓语结构主要用法常用时间状语主动被动一般现在时经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态every, sometimes, often, on Sunday, usually, always一般过去时在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982一般将来时在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态next., tomorrow, in+时间, in two days, soon, this evening, tomorrow evening过去将来时在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用作从句中at 9 tomorrow morning 现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作now, at this moment过去进行时表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作at this time yesterday, at 4 p.m. yesterday 现在完成时表示说话之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，对现在造成的影响；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态for, since, so far = up to now (到目前为止), already, never, yet, in the past / last few years (在过去的几年里)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；表示从过去某时开始一直延续到另一个过去时间的动作或状态by the end of+过去的时间点, before等引导的时间状语从句一、完成下列表格练习：一、用动词的适当形式填空。1、When she is in trouble, she often (ask) her teacher for advice.2、He (go) abroad last month.3、The child (not watch) TV at home now.4、It (rain) for a whole month.5、I (go) with you if I have time.6、He (listen) to the radio when I came in.7、I didnt meet him. He (leave) when I got there.8、He is hungry. He (not eat) anything for three days.9、English (speak) in many countries.10、My hometown (liberate) in 1949.11、The play (put) on next Sunday.12、He told us that the sports meeting (put) off till next Sunday.13、A new teaching building (build) now in our school.14、She said that the bicycle (repair) by her father.15、A new school (build)in our village.16、She told me that the bicycle (repair) by her father.二、翻译下列句子A. 请用不同的时态翻译下列句子：1、上周日他一整天都在研究那只小鸟。_2、格林先生正在写另外一部小说。_3、经常有人听到她唱歌。_4、至今，我们已经学了1600个单词。_5、我们将在下星期完成这项工程。_6、我们从未想过他会这么快完成这幅画。_7、他说他之前已经学过一些英语。_8、玛丽在做衣服时割伤了手指。_B.请将上列句子转变成被动语态。1._2. _3._4. _5._6. _7._8. _tips: 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 步骤： 1.先找出谓语动词；2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. He has written two letters.Two letters have been written by him.3. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.三、短文填空（涉及8种时态） I 1_(have) a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. She 2_ (be) there for three years. In her letter, she said that she 3_(come) to England next year. She also said that she was still 4_(learn) the French language. If she comes, she 5_ (get) a surprise. We 6_(be) now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it 7_(begin) before my sister left. The house 8_(complete) five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she 9_(can) stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there 10_(be) a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it 11_(look) strange to some people. It must 12_ _ (be) the only modern house in the district.Keys：1.had 2.has been 3.would come 4.learning 5.will get 6.are 7.had begun 8.was completed 9. could 10.is 11.looks 12. be
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