中考英语语法精讲-动词时态.doc

中考英语语法精讲-动词时态一般现在时1） 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。2）表示现在的状态。My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。一般过去时 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3）一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？一般将来时1）构成：助动词will+动词原形在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为ll，wii not常简缩为wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。2）一般将来时的用法1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。Ill come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。I think shell go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。3）be going to +动词原形，表示将来。1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 注意：be going to 和will之间的区别。两者都用于预测时，be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测；will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。两者在时间的发生上，be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。 He will be better. 他的病会好起来了。两者都表示意图时，be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思；will则指未经过预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。在条件壮语从句中，be going to表将来,will表意愿。If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 如果你将要去旅行，最好尽快做好准备。 Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去问高老师，她会告诉你答案。4）be +不定式表将来，表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。5）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。过去将来时1）构成：1、would/should+动词原形 2、 was/were going to+动词原形2）用法：1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。2、 表示过去的某种习惯，只要would。Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand. 每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。现在进行时1）构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词2）用法： 1、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,right now,at this moment等时间壮语连用。We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。 表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Li is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。2、 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。3、 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 4、表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。1）表移动的终止性动词（come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin等）用于现在进行时，表示即将要发生动作。Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 2）一些持续性动词用于进行时，表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？过去进行时1）构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 2）用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可表示过去将要发生的动作。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含时间壮语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源现在完成时1)构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词2)用法:1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确) 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）过去完成时1)构成：助动词had动词过去分词2)用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。I had lived in America for two years before I came here . 我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。3、表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。Step 3 中考题精选1. Echo _ for half a month. Shell be back in two months.A left B leaves C has left D has been away2. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie _ for ten minutes.A had begun B had been on C has started D has been on 3. -Mr. Lee _ to a student when I entered the classroom this morning.-He is very patient _ he is young.A talking; but B talks; though C was talking; though D talked; however4. -Alan, its late. Why not go to bed?-Jenny hasnt come back yet. I _ for her.A waited B have waited C am waiting D was waiting5. Our math teacher _ in our school for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 years old.A has taught; has come B taught; comes C taught; came D has taught; came6. -Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend.-But nobody knows if it _.A is fine; will rain B will be fine; rains C will be fine; will rain D is fine; rains7. Yesterday evening, I _ along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher.A walk B walked C was walking D am walking8. You are too late. The film _ since half an hour ago.A has begun B has been on C began9. Everyone _ the Spring Festival especially the kids, because they can get money in red packets.A enjoy B enjoys C is enjoying D are enjoying10. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day before yesterday.A teaches B taught C will teach D had taught11. I dont think I _ you in that dress before.A have seen B was seeing C saw D see12. Louis _ computer games when her brother phoned her.A plays B is playing C has played D was playing13. -Do you know her well?-Sure. We _ friends since ten years ago.A were B have made C have been D have become14. The Greens will visit Hainan as soon as they _ to China.A comes B come C came D will come15. -Have you ever _ Australia?-Yes, I have. Its really interesting _ with kangaroos.A been to; to play B gone to; played C been to; play D gone to; playing16. My sister _ a letter when I got home last night.A is writing B was writing C wrote D is reading17. Sam _ Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese now.A learns B learned C has learned D will learn18. -Shush, be quiet! The baby _ in the next room.-Ok. Sorry.A sleep B slept C sleeps D is sleeping19. Tim will call me as soon as he _ my package.A receive B will receive C received D receives20. -_ you _ your dictionary?-No. So I have to buy a new one today.A Did; find B Have; found C Are; finding D Had; found21. Hi, Mr. Smith. I didnt know you were in New York. How long _ here?A have you come B were you C have you been D will you come22. To their surprise, the T-shirts with Olympic Mascots on them _ sold out in one another.A are B were C have