初中英语常见习惯用语经典讲解(表格版).doc

初中英语 常见习惯用语经典讲解序号正确错误分析1.You are so beautiful? Thank you.No, Im not.英语礼貌习惯2.- What can I do for you?- Id like to buy a sweater. - What can I do for you?- Yes， please help me .What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。3.- Which colour do you like?- I prefer blue. - Which colour do you like?- Sorry， I dont like.由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it.4.Would you like to come with us tonight? Do you like to come with us tonight?析 Do you like 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like 则是一次性的邀请、提议。5.Shall we go? 我们走吧!.其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， OAll right， With pleasure?Lets go? 让我们走吧!.How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何?Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?6.Sorry， Ive kept you waiting. Never mind. Sorry， Ive kept you waiting.Not at all.介意不介意这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。Do you mind if I open the door?Would you mind mailing the letter for me?其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all?而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 Im sorry?7.Whats that man?He is a teacher? Whats that man?He is Mike.由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。8.- How many bananas do you want? Half a kilo? Please? - How much are they?- Half a kilo， please? How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。9.Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? Im sorry， but is this the way to the park?Im sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me? 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。10.- Have a good time tonight!- The same to you. - Have a good time tonight!- You are the same. The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。11.- Whats wrong with you?- Ive got a headache. -Whats the problem?Ive got a headache.Whats wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 Whats the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。12.- Now， Im back? Can I play?- Im afraid not? Youd better do your homework first? - Now， Im back? Can I play?- Perhaps? Youd better do your homework first? Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps?而 Im afraid not? 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：13.- How soon will you be ready?- In two days. How soon will you be ready?- Two days.此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是还有多久才能作完，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。14.- Would you mind if I have some time off?- When exactly? - Monday and Tuesday of next week.- Would you mind if I have some time off?- I dont mind. - Monday and Tuesday of next week? 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I dont mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。15.Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be Hello !This is Tom speaking? Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be Who are you? 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问Whos that(speaking)?但不要讲Who are you?如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲This is speaking而不要讲Im也不要讲My name is 就语法而论，Who are you? Im ?My name is ?并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。16.- Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I hope not. - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I dont hope so. 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so? I hope so? I believe so? 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I dont think so? 但I dont believe so? 和 I dont hope so? 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not? 和 I hope not? 则为：我想可能不会发生吧!17.- Is everybody there? - No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave. - Is anybody there? - No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave?18.- Your handwriting is very good.- Thank you! - Your handwriting is very good!- No， my handwriting is very poor.中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you? 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going 或 Have you had your breakfast yet而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。19.When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： Excuse me? I have to go? When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： Excuse me? Ill go first?这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 Ill go first? 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。20.- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to， but Im too busy. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to， and Im too busy. Im too busy 与 Id like to在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。21.- Wheres Deter?- Deter may come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet. - Wheres Deter?- Deter will come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet? 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。?22.- Hi， havent seen you for ages! You look fine!- Thanks? You look well too? - Hi， havent seen you for ages! You look fine!?- Great? You look well too? 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。（三）例题解析 1? - Would you like to have some rice?- AYes， I like BYes， please Cof course DYes， I have答案 B.析 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 Yes， please? 如不想接受则用No， thanks2 - Nice to see you?- - AGood morning BHappy to meet you， too CNice to see you， too DPleased to meet you， too答案 C.析 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。3 - Would you please give me some water?- AYes， I would BCertainly CNo， thanks DYes， please答案 B.析 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please? 为是的，您请做某事吧。这一含意显然不对。4 - Thank you very much for helping me?- AYoure welcome BIt doesnt matter CNo need DDont say that答案 A.析 Youre welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 It doesnt matter 则为：没关系。5 - Hello， Lucy? How are you?- And you?AFine， thanks BYes， I am CGlad to meet you DGood afternoon答案 A.析 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为很好，谢谢!?6? - Help yourself to some meat?- .AIt sounds nice BYes， please CYes， Lets help each other DThank you答案 D.析 Help yourself to some meat 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。7 - Oh， I am not feeling well? Ive got a cold.- ?AFine， How are you? BNever mind? Take care ?CWell， I m sure to get weel soon DIm sorry to hear that?答案 D.析 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。8 - Meimei you speak English very well?- ANo， I dont think so BThank you very muchCNot good enough DThats all right答案 B.9 - Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?- , Mum. Ill get itAYes， I could BNo， thanks COK DYes， but I have no time答案 C.析 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。10 - Could you look after Polly for me while were away?- .ANo， thanks BWith pleasure CIm not afraid DIm sure you will答案 B.析 With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。?11? - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please?- ?AHold on， please BThats the headmaster， please CWho are you ? please DSorry? Im not the headmaster答案 A.析 hold on， please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。12? - Happy birthday!- .AThank you BThe same to you CGood luck DCongratulations答案 A.析 the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。13? - Im sorry I dont know the way， either? Youd better ask that policeman for help?- .AGood night BThats nothingCVery well DThank you all the same答案 D.析 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same? 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。14 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I cant do anything.- AIm sorry BDont worryCGood luck DBad luck答案 D.析 如果用A则要用 Im sorry to hear that而不能单用 Im sorry 因Im sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。15 - ?- I have got a cough.AWhats your trouble BWhat have you got CWhy did you come here DHave you got a cough答案 A.析 Whats your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 Whats wrong with you?16 - Would you like to go shopping with me?- .AYes， Id love to BThats rightCYes， please DQuite well答案 A.析 表示愿意作某事应讲：Id love to. Id like to.17? - Whats the weather like today!- .AIts nice for a walk BI like autumn best of allCIt will be fine tomorrow DIts rather cold today答案 D.析 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D18 - Is Jane in ，please!I want to speak to her.- Sorry， she is out? Youd better Avisit her in the office Bcall her later Csee her this afternoon Dspeak to her yourself答案 B.析 call her later 晚些时候再来电话。19? - ?- Very well， thank you， and you?AHow do you do? BGood morning? CHow are you these days? DHow do you like English?答案 C.析 本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do?20 - How is your mother?- .AShe is old BShe is no better than she was CShe is kind?hearted DShe is in her forties答案 B.析 How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是她不比以前强。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。21? - Thank you very much for your help.- AYoure welcome BPlease dontCTheres no trouble DNo， no答案 A.22 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema? Afterwards you thank him?He says AIt was nothing BIm glad you enjoyed it CDont say it DNo， neednt答案 B.析 这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。23 - Thank you for your good present.- AIts not good BNo， noCMy pleasure DNever mind答案 C.24 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say A.you are too good B.Its very kind of you C.you are very kind D.Ill thank you答案 B.25 - I am very sorry? I am late for dinner.- A.No， you arent B.Thats all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you dont答案 B.析 Thats all right没关系。26 - Im sorry if I hurt you.- AIm sorry BIts not true CIt doesnt matter DDont say sorry答案 C.27 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you? - AIm sorry BWhat a pity CIt doesnt matter to me DThats terrible答案 B.析 What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。28? - Help yourself to some fish?- AYou are very kind BYes， Im helping myself .CThank you DYes， dont worry about me答案 C.29? - Are you ready?-_ AIm very sorry BTry to be patient .C?Not yet， wait a minute DDo you have the time， please?答案 C.析 not yet 意为还没有完成。30? - Mum， I have passed the exam?- A?Thats all right B?CongratulationsC?You are luck D?Good luck to you答案 B.31 - I think I have to leave. I hope we can get together again?- AAll right BThats all rightCOK DI hope so， too答案 D.32 Must I wait till he comes back? ANo， you neednt BNo， you mustnt .CNo， you may not DNo， you cant答案 A.析 must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 neednt 表示没有必要做。33 - I pay you the house rent right away?- Yes， you have to do it.AShall BWay CMust DHave答案 C.34 - Dont you think this colour is too bright? - .AYes， I agree BYes， but I dont think so CYes， of course not DYes， whats wrong.答案 A.35 - It was cold yesterday.- ASo was it BSo it wasCI believe not so DI believe not答案 B.析 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如： I went to the cinema yesterday? So did I? 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。36? - What do you think of the song?- AI like music very much BI like it too CWith pleasure DIt sounds sweet答案 D.析 sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。?37 Do you like tea or coffee? AYes， I do BThank youCThats fine DEither will do答案 D.析 either will do? 为两者哪个都可以。38 I like your sweater very much? ANo， its ugly BSorryCThank you DYoure welcome答案 C.析 这是英美语言的习惯。39 He likes travelling by train, ASo do I BI dosCI like so DI like it， neither答案 A.40? - How do you like your school?- AI like it very much BIts very beautifulCI doesnt like it DVery well答案 B.析 How do you like 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。?41 What a nice day! ? AYoure right BNo， isnt it?CYes， isnt it? DReally?答案 C.析 Yes， isnt it? 是的，难道不是个好天气吗?42 - Hello， ?- This is Della speaking?AWho are you BAre you Tom ?CWho is that DPlease tell me who are you答案 C.析 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。43 -Whats he like?- AHe likes English BHe is old ?CHe is like a farmer DHe is tall and this答案 D.?析 要区分 Whats he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。44 How did you do your job? Not very well， AIm sure BI am afraidCThank you DIm sorry答案 B.析 I am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。?45? - your aunt?-She is a principal of a middle school?AWhat does BWhere doesCWhat is DWhom is答案 C.46 - ?- He is my boss?AWhats the man? BWho is the man? CHow is the man? DWhat does the man do?答案 B.47? - May I have your name? - ANo， no BYoure politeCCall me John DIts kind of you答案 C.48? - Shall I make coffee for you? - AYes， thank you B No， dont trouble CDont trouble this， thank you DNo， dont make it答案 A.49 - Could you show me the way to Mr? Buowns office?- ANot at all BIm sureCAll right DI can do it答案 C.50 - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon?- AIts very kind of you BYou are so thoughtful .CThats a good idea DYes， well go答案 C.