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语法精讲Subject-Verb Agreement and Collective Nouns主谓一致和集合名词考查主谓一致的几大热点：1.主语+with/together with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/unlike/rather than/including等+名词或代词时，谓语动词的数应与前面的主语保持一致。The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.To find friendship offer friendship.以友谊换友谊。2.动词不定式、动名词及名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。但 what引导的主语从句有时用复数动词，这时其含义常可从表语中看出。When and where to build the hospital is not decided.What we want are books.3.由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also等连接并列主语时，常采用就近原则，即动词与最靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Not only you but also I am a teacher.Are either you or he a student?Here comes a teacher and several students.There are some books and a pen on the table.4.在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词应为介词of后面的复数名词，因此从句的谓语动词应为复数；而在“the only one/every one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是the only one/every one,定语从句中的谓语动词通常用单数形式。He is the only one of the students who lives in the school.He is one of the students who live in the school.5.sheep,means等单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据具体情况，谓语动词选用单数或复数。Every possible means has been used to prevent the pollution,but the sky is still not clear.All possible means have been tried to.6.family,team,group,class等集合名词作主语时，强调整体时用单数谓语动词，强调成员时用复数动词。When I got home,the whole family are watching TV.当我到家的时候，全家人都在看电视。7.people,police,cattle,clothes,folk等表示“总称”的名词作主语时，表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。The police are running after the thief.8.分数、百分数作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词一致。而the rest,some,any,most等应与其指代的内容相符。Some of the students are cleaning the windows,while the rest are sweeping the floor.9.all指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时，谓语动词用单数。All were silent.大家一言不发。All was silent.万籁俱寂。10.用and连接的两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子作主语时，一般用复数动词。但当表示单一概念时，要用单数动词；两个单数名词前有every,each,no,many a等词修饰时，要用单数动词。如:No teacher and no student is going.11.many a(许多)和more than one(不止一个)等作定语，修饰作主语的单数可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Many a student has been tired by his long speech.12.表示“总量”或“总和”的时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如强调具体的数量，则要用复数动词。如：Twenty years is a long time.20年是一段很长的时间。Twenty years have passed since his father died.自他父亲去世以来已经有20年了。13.抽象名词、学科名词、专有名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。The United States was founded in 1776.The Olympic Games are held every four years.14.“the+形容词”表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数；表示“一种抽象概念和品质”时谓语动词用单数。The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital.伤员们在这家医院得到了很好的照顾。The beautiful is not always the useful.好看的不一定总是有用的。考题再现【考例1】（2006辽宁高考，27）The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going解析：这个句子的主语是the father，所以其谓语动词要用单数形式。再根据时间状语every Sunday afternoon in winter可判断出要用一般现在时，表示经常性的动作。as well as his children在句子中作状语，不作主语。答案：C【考例2】(2006安徽高考，30 ) Most of what has been said about the Smiths_ also true of the Johnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.to be解析：what has been said about the Smiths是主语从句，表示单数，most的单复数由of后的成分决定，所以这个句子的主语是单数。being和to be都是动词be的非谓语形式，所以都不能作为答案。答案：B【考例3】_ either you or the headmaster to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting?A.IsB.AreC.DoesD.Do解析：either.or.连接并列主语，谓语动词就近，故应选择are,构成be to do结构，表示将来。答案：B【考例4】 He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.isB.areC.have beenD.has been解析：引导词作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词一致，由句子的意义可知，先行词为the only one。答案：D【考例5】 My family_ small,but my family_ all model workers.A.is;areB.are;isC.was;areD.were;is解析：句意为“我家庭很小，但家人都是模范工作者”。第一个family表示“家庭”，第二个family表示“家庭成员”。答案：A【考例6】(2006浙江高考，7)The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird_ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态，当分数、百分数作主语时，要根据其后面的名词来决定其谓语动词的单复数。此处onethird应是onethird of the notebook computers,因此谓语动词用复数，且句子的时态用了过去时，所以D项正确。答案：D【考例7】(2006江苏高考，34) A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：此题考查主谓一致的用法。由时间状语“tomorrow afternoon”判断，此处应用现在进行时表将来，故排除C、D两项。“a poet and artist”指一位诗人兼画家，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。答案：A【考例8】My maths _ all right.What _ me most is English.A.are;worriedB.seem;worryingC.is;worriesD.seems;worry解析：由句子结构可知，两个空都应为谓语动词。maths,what作主语，谓语动词都应用单数且两句话应时态一致。答案：C【考例9】The wounded _ after.A.is well lookedB.has been well lookedC.are good lookedD.have been well looked解析：the wounded“伤员”，表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数。答案：D
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