八年级(下)新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇.doc

八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇Unit 1 Will people have robots?1. fewer people更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）2. less free time更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定） 3. in ten years10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）4.fall in love with爱上 例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once 当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他 5. live alone单独居住6. feel lonely感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独 7. keep/feed a pet pig养一头宠物猪8. fly to the moon飞上月球 9. hundreds of +复数 数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of） 10. the same as 和相同11.A be different from B A与B不同(There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)12. wake up醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”） 13. get bored变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等）14.go skating去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等） 15.lots of/a lot of许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）16. at the weekends在周末 17. study on computers 通过电脑学习 18. agree with sb.同意某人(的意见)19. I dont agree. = I disagree.我不同意 20. on a piece of paper在一张纸上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词）21. on vacation度假22. help sb with sth/help sb do sth帮助某人做某事23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼 24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor住在12楼 25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street住在上海路332号 26. as a reporter作为一名记者27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗 29. in the future 在将来/在未来30. no more=not anymore 不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）31. no longer=not any longer 不再（强调状态不再发生）32. besides（除之外还，包括）与except =but（除之外，不包括）33. be able to与can 能、会（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如： 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can）2. will have to/ had to stay at home. （不可以用must）本单元目标句型：1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.lfewer； less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more二者都可以修饰。3. Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, they will本单元语法讲解一般将来时一、表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：1.含tomorrow; next短语； 2.in+段时间； 3.how soon；4.by+将来时间； 5.by the time sb.do 6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day 二、比较be going to 与will:1.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。三、一般将来时常见的标志词1.含tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do 例Be quick, or you will be late=If you dont be quick,you will be late6.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时（另见Unit 5） Unit 2 What should I do?1. too loud太大声 2. out of style 过时的 3. in style 流行的4. call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给.打电话 5. enough money足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)6.busy enough够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) 7. a ticket to/for a ball game一张球赛的门票注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格8. talk about谈论 9. on the phone用电话 10. pay for付款11. spendon +sth.=spend.( in) doing sth. 在花钱12. It takes sb. sometime to do sth.人做某事花的时间 13. borrow from从.借( 借进来) 14. lendto把借给（借出去）15. You can keep the book for a week你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow或lend）16. buy sth for sb为买东西 17. tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth告诉某人做某事18. want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事19. find out发现；查清楚；弄明白 20. play ones (video) stereo放录象 21.fail the test=not pass the test考试不及格 22. fail in (doing) sth 在.上失败,变弱23. succeed in (doing) sth 在.方面成功 24. write sb a letter/write to sb.给某人写信25.surprise sb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）26. to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是.27. to ones joy 使某人高兴的是.28. look for a part-time job找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）29. get/find a part-time job找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）30. ask sb. for寻求/向某人要某物 31. have a bake sale卖烧烤32. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵33. have a fight with sb.=fight with 与某人打架34. drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去35. prepare for=get ready for为做准备36. after-school clubs课外俱乐部36.be/get used to doing习惯做某事used to do 过去经常/常常做某事be used for doing=be used to do sth.被用于做某事37. fill up 填补；装满38.return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人39. get on /along well with 与相处很好 40. all kinds of 各种各样41. as much as possible=as much as possible尽可能多42. take part in=join in参加（某种活动/集会）43. a bit =a little一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）44. a bit of =a little一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）45. be angry with生的气 46.by oneself+on ones own某人自己/独自地47. on the one hand一方面 48. on the other hand另一方面49. I find/feel/think it difficult to do.我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.50. see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.看到/听见/注视某人正在做51. notuntil 直到才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词） 52. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.本单元目标句型： Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter?1. What should I do? 我该怎么办 2. You could write him a letter你可以给他写封信.3. You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.4. They shouldnt argue.他们不应该争吵. 5. Why dont you talk to him about it?=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=What/How about talking to him about it.=Youd better talk to him about it.Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1. in front of 在的前面（外部）2.in the front of 在的前面（内部）3. in the library 在图书馆4.get out of/get into 出之外/进入5.sleep late 睡懒觉 6. sleep well 睡得好7. get to sleep 睡着8. walk down/along 沿走9. take off (飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）10. on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上 注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）11. in the tree 在树上12. take photos 照相13. at the train station 在火车站14. run away 跑开，逃跑15. as+adj原形 as 和一样 例如： She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him)16.buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 为某人买/画/制作17. walk home 走回家18. in history在历史上19. for example例如20.in the city of在市21.on the playground在操场上22.ten minutes ago 十分钟前23.take place 发生（强调必然性）24.happen to sth./sb.发生（强调偶然性） 例如：What has happened to you?=Whats the matter with you?=Whats wrong with you?25.of course=sure=certainly 当然 26. all over the world=around the world 遍及全世界27.outside/inside the station在车站外/内28.next to 相邻，紧贴29.close to 接近于；在附近30.be ill in hospital/bed生病住院/在床31.hear about/of 听说（间接听到）32.in silence沉默不语本单元目标句型: What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday? 1.I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句.2.How about. / What about.?3.While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth. 4.当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed?5.当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV.本单元语法讲解过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）句型 S + was/were +V-ing例A：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.（昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。）例B：We were having supper at that time.（那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。）解说如例1所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。例如：I was taking a bath yesterday. （错）（昨天我正在洗澡昨天24小时都正在洗澡吗？）所以本句应该如例1来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：I took a bath yesterday.（昨天我洗了澡。）如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“动作正在进行中的时间”，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：A：I called you up yesterday evening.B：Did you? At what time?A：At around ten oclock. （大约在十点钟。）B：Oh, I was taking a bath then.（哦，当时我正在洗澡。）过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：过去有二动作A和B（如图示），在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）。例如：When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.（今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother。”是主句，“when，”是副词从句。）常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），then （= at that time）（那时，当时），all + 时间，“When/While/As”等副词从句，etc.Unit 4 He said I was hard-working1.every Saturday 每周六2.first of all首先3.bothand两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）4.neither.nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）5.most of 绝大多数6.an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周7. agree on something 同意某人的计划；对.取得一致意见8. agree to do sth答应/同意做9. pass on传递10. be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求做. .11. be mad at 对疯狂/生气12. do better in=be better at 在.方面做得更好13. be in good health 身体健康14. report card成绩单15. sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语16. sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like 听起来像/感觉像/闻起来像/尝起来像/看起来像+sb./sth.17. get over克服；恢复；原谅18. open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露19. care for照料；照顾；意愿；计较20. have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会21. end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试本单元目标句型：间接引语句型转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I She said sheThey said1.许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说三种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.2.许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.3.许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.4.许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.5.许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.6.在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English, Im better at reading than listening. 7.情况怎样？ Hows it going?8.她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didnt want to be my best friend anymore.本单元语法讲解直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如： Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“These books are mine.” He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。 1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。 “I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。 He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。 She said to me, “You cant do anything now.” 她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。” She told me that I couldnt do anything then. 她对我说那时我无法做任何事。 2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种： (1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或if 引导。如：“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。 Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？ The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。 (2).特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。如：“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”他问我。 He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。 “What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影？” She asked her friend what she thought of the film她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3).选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if or引导。如： “Is it your bike or Toms? Mum asked. 妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？” Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 “Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. “你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。 Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。 3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如：Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。” Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。” The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。 “Dont touch anything.” He said. “不要碰任何东西。”他说。 He told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。 4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 (1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：直接引语 间接引语today that daynow then, at that momentyesterday the day beforethe day before yesterday two days beforetomorrow the next day / the following daythe day after tomorrow two days after, / in two daysnext week/ month etc the next week/month etclast week/ month etc the week / month etc. beforehere therethis thatthese thosecome gobring take (2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时； 现在进行时 过去进行时；一般将来时 过去将来时；现在完成时 过去完成时；Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1.at the party 在晚会上2. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事3. stay at home呆在家4.half the class/students 一半学生5. get injured 受伤6. have a great time玩得高兴7. take away运走，取走8.all the time=always一直，始终9. make a living谋生10.in order to do为了做某事11. have a party举行聚会12. go to college上大学13. be famous for因而著称14. make money 挣钱15. in fact事实上16.laugh at嘲笑17. too much太多(修饰不可数名词)18. too many太多(修饰可数名词复数)19. much too+形容词/副词 太20. get exercise 锻炼注意:（exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”“练习”是可数名词）21. travel around the world 周游世界22. work hard 努力工作23. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤24. let . in允许进入，嵌入25. get an education获得教育26. take away 拿开，拿走本单元目标句型： 1. If you do, youll 2. Im going to 3. You should4. Dont you want to ? 5. Dont you think .?如果许老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。 If Mr. Xu go to the party, well have a great time.如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，许老师将不会让你进入。If you wear jeans to the party, Mr. Xu wont let you in.本单元语法讲解if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是 “ 如果的话”，用法如下：1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下： If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can) +动词） a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play. b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民间谚语等，句型是： If + 句子（一般现在时），+ 主句（ 一般现在时）.例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water . If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft . If a plant dont get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?1. how long 多长时间了？2. a skating marathon 一场滑冰马拉松 3. ever since 自从4. more than = over 超过 5.raise money for charity 筹集善款 6. five and a half years 五年半 7. in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格8. raise money 筹钱 9. start class/skating/to skate 开始上课/滑冰= begin class/skating/to skate10. would like = d like 愿意、想要11. be interested in 对感兴趣 12. more than=over 超过13. fly kites 放风筝 14. a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤15. How much is a pair of skates / shoes /glasses / trousers /jeans? = How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?16. How much are the skates / shoes / glasses / trousers / jeans? = How much do the skates / shoes / glasses / trousers / jeans cost?17. run out of 跑完18. by the way 顺便问一下19. a pair of 一双20. the whole five hours 整整五个小时21. collect stamps 集邮22. run out of 用尽 23. by the way 顺便说一下24. on the way to. 在的路上25. three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半本单元目标句型：1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多长时间了？2. Ive been skating since nine oclock./since I was four years old.我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。3. Ive been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小时。4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我对中国的历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。5. Every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每位学生每溜冰一个小时就能为慈善事业筹到10元钱。every 和each 都表示“每一个”，但every是指整体，each是指每个个体。6. Next is Sam. 紧接着的是Sam。7.Because weve run out of room to store them. 因为我们已经没地方存放他们了。8.By the way, whats your hobby? 顺便问一下，你有什么爱好？9.I am interested in the job as a writer. 我对这份作家的工作感兴趣。10. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago.事实上，首批犹太人可能是在一千多年前来到开封的。11. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我对中国历史了解的越多，我就越喜欢在中国生活。12. Although I live quite far from Beijing, . 虽然我住得离北京很远。Grammar 1.现在完成进行时(1) 结构：have/has + been + V.ing.(2) 用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在且很有可能持续下去； Ive been doing the cleaning all this morning. 表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的某一动作刚刚结束； Youre late again! Ive been waiting here for an hour. 表示一个一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。 I have been calling you several times in two days.(3) 时间状语：all the time/this morning, since morning, all night, this week/month, recently 等(4) 对现在完成进行时的时间状语进行提问时使用how long。How long have you been skating?Ive been skating since I was seven years old.for 5 years old.2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时区别：现在完成进行时侧重于动作的持续、运行；而现在完成时强调动作的完成。如：I have written a letter to my father.（到现在信已写完）我给我的父亲写了一封信。I have been writing a letter to my father.（一直在写，现在还在写）我一直在给我的父亲写信。再看：I wrote a letter to my father. 我给我的父亲写过一封信。Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?Useful Expression1.turn down/up 调小/大（音量） 1.turn on/off 打开/关上（电源开关）2.not at all 一点也不 2.right away = in a minute 立刻、马上3.do/wash the dish 洗碗 3.get out of 出来4.put on 穿上（动作） 4.wear 穿着（状态）5.feed the dog 喂狗 5.keep the dog 养狗6. return to 把还给 6.help sb. do/with sth. 帮助某人做某事7. make posters 制作海报 7.a terrible haircut 一个糟糕的发型8.have a long telephone conversation 褒电话粥9. wait in line 排队 8.cut in line 插队10. follow sb. around 跟在某人周围11. get mad = get annoy = get angry 感到恼火12. all the time 一直 9.complain about 抱怨13. be polite 有礼貌 10.try (not) to do sth. 尽力（不去）做某事14. must be 一定是 11.keep down 保持音量15. seem like 看上去像 12.be allowed 被允许16. even if/though 尽管、即使 13.take care = be careful 小心17. in public places 在公众场合 14.in public 公开地，当众地18. put out 熄灭 15.drop litter 乱丢垃圾19. pick up 捡起、拾起Would you mind turning down the music? 20. move the bike 移动自行车 21. be late for school/class=arrive late for school 上学/上课迟到23. get mad/annoyed 变得生气 16.happen to sb 发生在身上24. half an hour 半小时 17.at first 首先25. at last=in the end=finally 最后 18.allow sb.(not) to do sth. 允许某人(不)做某事26. be allowed to do /not to do sth. 某人不被允许某人做/不做某事27. in public 当众地；公开地；公然地 19.in public places 在公共场所28. break the rule 不遵守规则 20.pick up 捡起29. . put out 熄灭 30. . keep the voice down 控制声音单元目标句型：1. Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打扫院子吗?2. Not at all. Ill do it right away. 一点也不. 我马上就扫.3. Would you mind not playing baseball here. 你介意不要在这打棒球吗?4. Sorry, well go and play in the park. 对不起，我们到公园去打.5. Could you (please) make dinner? 请做晚饭好吗?6.Thats no problem 没问题.7. Could you (please) not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you (please) not feed the dog?=Please dont feed the dog, will you?请不要喂狗好吗?使用-ing分词的几种情况 1.在进行时态中。He is watching TV in the room . They