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2011中考英语专题：阅读理解满分突破中考阅读理解分析 1. 重要性“中考英语成败在于阅读”阅读一般是20-40分2题型：主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、事实细节题 3文章特点：一、人物故事人物故事类的短文通常包括故事情节、人物或事物之间的关系、作者的态度和意图、故事的起因或结局等几个主要方面。二、民族风情 例如介绍某个国家或地区的河流、山脉以及社会生活、政治经济、文化习俗等方面的情况。这要求考生了解其渗透的文化背景。因此，考生平时应拓宽知识面，对世界各国的民族文化有更多的了解。 三、科普知识 特点是科技词汇较多，句子长且结构复杂，理论性和逻辑性较强。阅读这类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、种属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。四、热点话题 内容时尚，紧紧围绕社会热点、校园生活等选材；重在领会作者的写作意图以及文章对读者、社会产生的诸多影响；应随时关注社会新闻和身边发生的事情。 五、图表例如，广告、海报、图书目录、电视节目表、菜单、统计表、旅游须知、火车和飞机的时刻表等等。考生可带着问题在文中寻找答案。在做图表类阅读题时，可以针对题目的要求在文章中进行有目的的识读。(2010陕西)Are you going to high school to go on with your study ? what will you do if you cant? Dont worry .Vocational (职业的) schools are open for you because our country is in need of people with special skills Compared with common high schools, vocational schools have more advantages .Firstly, in order to promote (促进) the development of vocational education ,our country spends a lot of money on it .So you need to pay only a smaller half of the school fee(学费)。Secondly，in here you have already started learning practical skills that you can use all your life. But some other students may still worry about how to spend the long three years at high schools. Why? Because they didnt choose the school that suits(适合)them. And finally, when they are still wondering where to go, you are already able to live on your own hands proudly. And perhaps it wont be long before you are on the road to success. People take different roads because they have different potentials (潜力).So different students should choose different schools. Go to high school if you think you can go farther on that road .Choose a key high school if you are lucky enough to have the chance .Enter a vocational school if you are interested in the lessons there and you are better at making things with your hands. In a word ,think carefully and see what kind of person you are. Remember , always choose things that suit you. 46. What does the second paragraph talk about?( ) A. The future of vocational schools. B. How to learn a skill. C. The advantage of vocational schools. D. How to succeed 47. The underlined word “practical ” here means ( ) A. fair B. useful C. poor D. safe48. Vocational school students can ( ) than students who choose a high school carelessly. A. spend more money B. be more worried C. get more D. have fewer chances to succeed 49. What can we learn from the passage? ( ) A. People should take the same road B. Key high school students must be good at making thingsC. Clever students are better at using their hands D. We should choose things that suit us.50.This passage is written to ( ) A. advise some students to choose vocational schools B. talk about the advantages of common high schools C. discuss how to divide students into different groups D. compare different schools 阅读理解的做题思路 第一步：通读全文，抓住中心(图表类的短文先读题目再读文章)在此过程中，注意把握四个阅读原则：原则一 ：11原则（通读时间与做题时间对等） 原则二： 首末段原则（不要怕重复和回读） 首段的作用：中心段 抛砖引玉 末段的作用：中心段 总结全文（尤其是记叙文，末段往往是点睛之笔) 原则三：首末句原则，即除首段和末段，其余各段的首末句一定要读懂，其他各句正常阅读原则四：把每段的中心句画出来 第二步：仔细审题，根据每段的中心句返回原文找出答案，并且把每道题的做题依据在文中标出来只有2种情况下，答案才可以选择： 第三步：根据做题的依据来检查选项：阅读技巧之长难句：长难句解析方法：使用连接词and，or before，after，when ，how ，but，for，of，with，however，so等将句子分开，再层层扩展例:1.I put down the yearbook and turned around to get some signatures from some of my friends when I notice that my yearbook was gone 2.if you do lots of sports like walking or climbing on your tip, you should do some exercise for weeks or months before you leave 四大题型解题方法 一、词义猜测题 标志 在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思。 比如： What does the underlined word “A” means？ The word “ B ” in the passage means _做题的关键在于 就近原则，该单词的上下文，需要注意如果该单词认识，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案，其正确答案是根据上下文推测的一个更加深刻的含义做题的方法：代入替换法回到文中，根据上下文的语境来做题例：1.(2006黑龙江)The word “resources” in the passage means：_ A 资源 B 现象 C 商品原文: Nowadays more and more people care about the exploitationof the natural resources , such as oil 2.(2010南京)In paragraph 4, the pronoun “them” refer to _ A public spaces B private spaces C local people D other countries 原文:local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you dont know about ,and you even feel like that they like you to be outside them . 二、事实细节题 标志：题干中明确提到的时间、地点、人物，数字，专有名词等细节信息 针对文章中的一句或几句发问 比如: 1From the passage，we know that 2If/when youyou should 3According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.) _? 4Which of the following statement is true/not true?做题的关键在于：返回原文 根据题干中的时间、地点、人物, 物品，返回原文 根据出题顺序返回原文 根据题干中的重点词或其同义词返回原文（如名词、动词、形容词） 例： (2010天津)Do you learn from your mistakes? I hope so. But have you ever made the same mistake twice? I have. Sometimes I make the same mistake three or four times! Sometimes, good things happen because of mistakes. Once I got on the wrong train. That was a big mistake. But on that train, I saw a good friend. I was so happy I made that mistake!56. The boy saw _on the wrong train. A. his friend B. his father C. his mother D. his teacher Another time I ruined a surprise. My mother planned a surprise party for my father. She told me it was a secret. But I was just a little boy and I couldnt keep the secret. I told my father about the party. At first, my mother was mad at me. But then my father said he was happy he knew about it. He said he didnt like surprise. 57. His mother asked him to _. A. plan a surprise party B. tell his father about the party C. keep a secret about the party D. invite his friend to the party When a good thing comes out of a mistake, thats a happy accident.58. What does the boy think of mistakes? A Mistakes are not welcome. B mistake is terrible thing. C All mistakes men happy accidents. D Sometimes a mistake can be a good thing. 例：(2010陕西）Shanghai-Today there more than 350,000 people visiting the Expo(世博)。The French pavilion is still the hottest. Over 3,000 people waiting in line in front of it .The organizers suggest visitors go to other pavilions first .In fact , pavilions of countries such as Russia , Canada, Japan and America are all very good.Xian -Today more than 2,000 people have written their names on a paper. They promise to use less energy and live a low-carbon(低碳) life .Lets follow them .Cut off the power of your computer when you dont use it .Turn off the lights when going out. Use buses more. Share your cars with others .Eat less meat. Lets do our best to stop the earth from warming. Ankang-A taxi driver found a bag in his car this morning. There was 10,000 yuan in it . The kind-hearted driver gave the bag to the police. The police have now found the owner, a businessman from Baoji. To show his thanks, the owner wanted to give him 500 yuan, but the driver didnt take it . He says it is something that any taxi driver will doXining-A special train is now leaving Xining for Shanghai. It carries the last 300 Tibetan children .The platform is crowded with people. Most of them are parents. These children will study in some famous schools in Shanghai until they finish high school .Those schools will pay all there expenses (费用)。 The children will also get 100 yuan as pocket money each month . Many parents ask us to give their thanks to the Party. 5. Which of the following is TURE according to the news?A The American pavilion is the most popular B. The readers are asked not to share their cars with others C. The government takes good care of the Tibetan children D. The taxi driver took the 500 yuan 三、推理判断题 标志：关键词：infer， learn 比如： What can you infer/learn from the passage？ What do you think is？ 整体思路： 推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有，绝大多数推理题是原文意思的同义表达，正确答案与原文之间没有任何推理关系做题方法：返回原文 例：1.(2010潍坊)If you dont like large crowds and long lines. do the opposite .here is an example :most people go on Saturdays or on holidays ,so avoid Saturday and holidays .Go to weekdays when most people are at work 50. when there are lots of people waiting in the line to see the most popular attractions ,whats your best choice ? A. I will wait line as other people do B. I will go back and return tomorrow C. I will visit the less crowded places instead D. I will sit on the beach to have a rest for about two or three hours 2.例：(2010南京) Come and visit our website at www.ballantinebooks .com or come to Ballantine bookshop ,you will have a big surprise 30. what do you think the passage is? A a novel B a menu C a diary D an advertisement 四、主旨大意题 标志：best title， main idea， main problem 整体思路：要有“胸怀”，从整体出发，因为错误的选项项一般 都是：从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节，以及由片面事实推出的错误结论； 非文章事实的主观判断 做题方法：找中心句 自然段多：联系中心句，找和中心句最贴近 自然段少 ： 抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。快速作文法：依据选项、快速作文、与原文核对例：（2010天津） After becoming a part of the Suns, Ron improved quickly. Basketball was like medicine for him. And whenever Ron became depressed or angry, Sunny was there to encourage and help him. The day before Ron left the center, he had dinner with Sunny. He asked Sunny how he managed to be generous and cheerful, even with his paralysis. Sunny smiled and said, “Its really quite easy. When you keep your face to the sun, the shadows(阴影) fall behind.”65. What is the most important thing we can learn from the story?A Basketball can teach people about life. B Keep smiling when you face difficulties. C Life is more difficult for the paralyzed. D Skiing is more dangerous than basketball. 例（2010北京）These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult: 1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesnt make sense to you. 2. When a sentence doesnt make sense, go back and read it again more slowly. 3. Look for any word you dont know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary. 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said. 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words. 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ides together. 56. The massage is mainly about _. A. steps of studying science B. difficulties in reading science C. ways of reading science passages D. researches on science and English
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