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Metallogenic Prediction on Phosphorite in North ChinaXiong Xianxiao*作者简介：熊先孝(1961-)，男，博士研究生，教授级高级工程师。主要从事矿床地质研究及矿产资源评价工作。E-mail:xxxhgdyy.com.cn。 Li Bboyun Yao Chaomei 1 Resource and Environment College , Wuhan Science and Technology University ,Wuhan 4300702 Geological Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mining Bureau ,Hebei Zhuozhou 072754Abstract:The metallogenic conditions of phosphorite exist extentivly in Sino-Korean paraplatforms as well as the deep-seated fault of brink Tarim paraplatform and the middle zone of several geosyncline folded areas such as TianshanXingan, Chilien- Chinling and Ererguna. Research and analysis showed that the endogenesis phosphorite have better prospecting potential as well as the greenstone belt phosphorite and sedimentary & metamorphic phosphorite in Paleoproterozoic Era, the sedimentary phosphorite usually with low-grade and in small scale. 4 Grade-B metallogenic predicting regions, 15 Grade-C metallogenic belts, 19 Grade-D metallogenic subzones for phosphorite have been marked off in north China. At the same time, we set up 2 Grade-A, 13 Grade-B and 13 Grade-C metallogenic predicting regions, 22 areas have been selected for further work.Key words: North Phosphorite, Metallogenic Background, Metallogenic Conditions, Metallogenic Prediction, Resource Potential.1 IntroductionThe area of surveying lie in northern China which include more than 15 provinces, cities and districts (eg. Sinkiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia，Shanxi，Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Mongolia).The phosphorite of north China mainly present in Sino-Korean paraplatform, Tarimu paraplatform, Tianshan-Xingan, Chilien- Chinling and Eerguna fold area. Deposits within the platformal area mainly present at the border or uplifted zone of it, and the deposits in fold area are usually present in central belt of the area. The platformal phosphate deposits have large distribution, with more in number as well as in scale in folded area.2 Geological FrameworkThe Sino-Korean Paraplatform is the oldest platform of China with crystalline basement made upon metamorphic rocks of Archean and Paleoproterozoic age. The crystalline basement rock is capped by Mesoproterozoic to Triassic age sediments. The platformal area is characterised by pressure of enormous fractures and boarded by deep-seated faults. These deep-seated fault control the formation of endogenesis phosphorite and the phosphate rocks mainly present at the intersection deep-seated fault and other faults.Magmatic rock present in the area are ranging in age from Lliangiant to Himalaya time, they include ultrabasic , basic , intermediate , acidic and alkali in composition. The mineralized zone is mosty in Lliangiant , Controlled by latitudinal deep-seated fault late Variscan and early Indo-Chinese epoch. Rocks are present in belt shape having basic, ultrabasics, within Shangyi-Chi City-Pingquan and ultrabasic- alkaline complex in Yangyuan-Suizhong-Fengcheng.Tarimu Paraplatform is situated to the south of Tianshan and north of the Kunlun, forming rhombus shape with multicyclic tectonic movement. The last being theYangtze cycle.There are formation on a lot of inner fold and fracture ,especially the latitudinal structure. Three different styles of fractures exist in the platform including south Haerke Mountain, northern borderland of Tarimu platform and the deep-seated fault within the platform. The cyclic activities control the extrusion and frusion of alkali magma in deepest part of the northern borderland . Alkali rock distributes in deep-seated zone; Ganbulake alkali complex in Weili town, Wajiertag in Bachu town and Mazhaertag alkali complex within the platform; Bashijingong alkali-syenite in Atushi city and the Tarimu alkali granite at the border of the platform. Apart from the multiphase alkaline complex submarine volcano eruption also exist in south Haerke mountain fault belt. The complex is composed of alkaline basic rock, alkaline ultrabasic rock, alkaline intermediate rock and alkaline acidic rock. Tianshan-Xingan Folded Area islocated in north of Tarimu and Sino-Korean paraplatform, forming a part of huge Central Asia- Mongolia fold system. It is Tianshan fold system and Jilin-Heilongjiang fold system that are related with phosphate mineralization, sedimentating phosphorite deposits associated with former one are not found in other fold systems in Early Cambrian time and the latter one produces phosphorite in early Paleoproterozoic Era.Chilien- Chinling Fold area is lacated in south of Sino-Korean paraplatform and northwest of Yangtze paraplatform, it is a latitudinal fold belt with a polycycle folding mainly of Indo-Chinese orogeny including Chinling and Chilien mountains. They get stabilized after 2 billion years of Yangtse Cycles during late Early Cambrian time. The known phosphorite deposits in this area mainly distribute in Chilien fold zone and east Chinling area.Ergona Folded Area is located in north of Heilongjiang, it demarcates Deerbugan deep-seated fault and Higgnan Mountains fold belt, connecting with Baikalian Mongolia-fold system in southwest and extending into Russia connecting with Bulieya massif in northwest. Ergona sedimentation belongs to system of Xingkai cycle. The area is abundant with Sinian Period- Early Cambrian stratum overseas, and some Kusubo phosphorite deposits sedimentated in Mongolia. There is no discovery of phosphate deposit in China, but the stratum in Sinian Period- Early Cambrian exists in east bank of Ergona river, the fossils and lithology of which can compare with the horizons of Russia and Mongolia.3 Metallogenic ConditionsNothern phosphate deposit types are mainly endogenetic apatite deposits, others are metamorphosed and sedimentary phosphorite. The ratio of known ore reserves is 67% for endogenetic apatite deposit, 31% for metamorphosed phosphate deposit and 2% for sedimentary phosphate deposit.Endogenetic phosphorite mainly distribute over northeast, north China and some provinces like Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Mongolia and Sinkiang. The formation of endogenetic phosphorite is in stable platform especially the border of platform and epicontinental activated region which is controlled by magmatic and deformationed events. Which inturn is controlled by deep-fracture zone of platform borderland. These endogenetic phosphorites are mainly asciated with basic, ultrabasic and alkali complex. Two huge endogenetic Phosphate metallogenic belts are present in northern borderland of Sino-Korean paraplatform and the northeastern borderland of Tarim paraplatform, forming great reserves of phosphorus of high grade.Archean greenstone belt phosphorites were forming during continental formation of greenstone belt of Sino-Korean paraplatforms. Phosphorous is present in Baimiao formation Dantanzi group in eastern Hebei, Xiaotazigou formation of Jianping group in western Liaoning. Phosphorous-bearing rock sare combination of trinity greenstone having lower ultrabasic complex in the bottom , calc-alkaline volcanic group in the middle and upper sedimentary rock sequence. The phosphorite is associated with the greenstone basic volcanic, ultramafic and mafic rocks. Metamorphic lithifaction recrystallized and formed larger grains of apatite. Metamorphosed phosphate deposit of Paleoproterozoic time is one of the major phosphate periods in China. Phosphate horizon in late Paleoproterozoic is present in the middle to lower Hutuo Group. It is located in eastern borderland of Sino-Korean land mass, the metallogenic region is a forming a belt presented in northeast-southwest from east coast of Korean passing to south Jinlin, north Jiangsu, east Anhui and northeastern Hubei. Late Paleoproterozoic rocks belonging to sedimentary formation contain the phosphate in different regions of Sino-Korean paraplatforms. Miogeosyncline sedimentation is present in eastern borderland of Sino-Korean massif having signature of huge cycle from transgression to regression. With several small cycles in transgression rock system, where mainly formed the phosphate ledges that the phosphorite produced during the process of transgression, some phosphate ledges form phosphorite after metamorphism.Rock experiencing metamorphism due to regional stress during orogenesis existed at top parts in Southern Jilin Province - Subei areas, with the metamorphism greenschist facies, having temperature of 200400C, and the pressure of 150600MPa.Phosphate rocks have also undergone amphibolite and granulite facies in Susong, Anhui-northeastern Hubei, with the temperature more than 600C, and the pressure 200 to 1000MPa.The phosphorite deposit of northern marine facies mainly distribute in northern borderland of Tarimu paraplatform and the southwestern borderland of the Sino-Korean paraplatforms, present in Early Cambrian time. Mineralization also occurr in the stratum of other time. The features of this type deposit with small scale and low grade, which is still valuable in the northern area lacking phosphorite. 4 Metallogenetic PredictionFour Level-B metallogenetic units (Sino-Korean paraplatform metallogenic region, Tarim paraplatform metallogenic region, Early Cambrian phosphorite at Tianshan geosyncline and Chilien- Chinling geosynclinal phosphate metallogenic belt) are devided according to the division principle of metallogenetic region.I Early Cambrian Phosphate Metallogenetic Belt in Tianshan area I1 Metallogenetic Subzones in North Tianshan I2 Pingtai Mountain Fangshankou - Shuangying Mountain Metallogenetic Subzones in North Mountain II Metallogenetic Region in Tarim ParaplatformII1 Early Cambrian Kalpin Fault Uplift Phosphorite Metallogenetic SubzonesII2 Early Cambrian Kuruktag Fault Uplift Phosphorite Metallogenetic SubzonesII3 Magmatic Phosphorite Metallogenetic Subzones in Northern Borderland of Tarim Platform III Sino-Korean Paraplatform Metallogenetic RegionIII1 Metamorphous Phosphorite Metallogenetic Subzones of Sino-Korean ParaplatformIII1-1Longshou Mountain Phosphorus concentrating Region III1-2 Damoqi-Wuqianqi Phosphorus concentrating RegionIII1-3Chongling-Fengning-Jianping Phosphorus concentrating Region III2 Endogenetic Phophorous Metallogenic Subzones in nothern Sino-Korean ParaplatformIII2-1 Guyang-Hu city Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII2-1 Liang Town-Huaian Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII2-3 Chongli-Fengning Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII2-4 Chengde-Pingquan Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII2-5 Yangyuan-Huailai Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII2-6 Kuancheng-Suizhong Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII2-7 Fengcheng-Kuandian PhosphoriteIII3 Metamorphous Phophorite Metallogenetic Subzones in Eastern Borderland of Sino-Korean ParapaltformIII3-1 Hunjiang Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII3-2 Tianshui Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII3-3 Haizhou Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII3-4 Feidong Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII3-5 Susong Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII3-6 Dawu Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII4 Endogenetic Phophorous Metallogenetic Region in Eastern Borderland of Sino-Korean ParaplatformIII4-1 Zibo-Zaozhuang Phosphorite concentrating Region III4-2 Yexian-Rong city Phosphorite concentrating RegionIII5 Southwestern Sedimentary Phosphorite Metallogenic Subzones in Sino-korean Paraplatform Early Cambrian Phosphorite Metallogenetic Belt of Chilien- Chinling GeosynclineThe predicting area is divided into grade A,B,C regions according to its metallogenetic geological background, metallogenetic conditions, mineral characteristics .（1）Grade A: It is an industrial valuable concentrating area with large, middle, small deposits and good metallogenetic conditions; phosphorite outcrop being showed. (Verify project has finished) （2）Grade B: With good metallogenetic conditions，there are some large, middle, small scale deposits but ropy ore quality in this valuable area with the phosphorite outcrop showed out.（3）Grade C：With bad metallogenetic conditions, and small scale deposits distributed; small buried deposits with good metallogenetic conditions distributed in the area. Regional metallogenetic model sets up according to the characteristics of typical deposits and the research result for regional metallogenetic regularities , it is divide into 2 Grade A, 13 Grade B, 13 Grade C predicting areas with the methods of signature analysis and prospect for contents of information as well as the using of the metallogenetic features and some comprehensive information such as geological structure, geophysical prospecting, remote sensing.Table 1. Schedule of Metallogenetic Prediction of Phosphorite in North ChinaMetallogenetic ProspectPredicting Area& Its Number RemarkEarly Cambrian Phosphorite Metallogenetic Belt in Tianshan GeosynclineKeguqin（C1）Pingtaishan（C2）Early Cambrian Phosphorite Metallogenetic Prospect in Northern Borderland of Tarim ParaplatformSugetbulak（C3）Kuruktag（C4）Endogenous Phosphorite Metallogenetic Prospect in Northern Borderland of Tarim paraplatformBalefire Platform-Kawuluktag（B1）Magnetite- ApatiteQieganbulake-Daxigou（A1）Magnetite- ApatiteAoketang（B2）Magnetite- ApatiteNorth Mountain in Comity Village （B3） Magnetite- ApatiteWajiertag（C5）Rare-Earth ApatitePiyang（C6）Magnetite- ApatiteKeqikeguole（C7）Sedimentary and Metamorphous (greenstone belt) Phosphorite Metallogenetic Predicting Area in Northern Borderland of Sino-korean ParaplatformLongshou mountain（C8）Mongolia Wuqianqi（B4）Magnetite- ApatiteChongli（B5）Magnetite- ApatiteFengning（A2）Magnetite- ApatiteJianping-Puxin（B6）Magnetite- ApatiteEndogenous Phosphorite Metallogenetic Predicting Area in Northern Borderland of Sino-korean ParaplatformZhuozi-Huaian（C9）Yangyuan-Huailai（B7）Magnetite- ApatiteChongli-Fengning（B8）Magnetite- ApatiteChengde-Pingquan（B9）Magnetite- ApatiteMashenqiao-Zhueryu（B10）Magnetite- ApatiteKuancheng-Qinglong-Suizhong（B11）Magnetite- ApatiteFengcheng（C10）Metamorphous Phosphorite Metallogenetic Predicting area in Eastern Borderland of Sino-korean ParaplatformShuyangjianhong-Huachong（C11）HuoshanTuoling-Jinzhai Sukou（C12）Guangji Niutoushan-Huangmei Taerfan（B12）Yingshan-Guangshui（B13）Sedimentary Phosphorite Metallogenetic Prospect in Southwestern Borderland of Sino-Korean ParaplatformHelan Mountain Metallogenetic Prospect（C13）Prospecting AreaAccording to the mineralized features of the phosphorite in north and the mineral resource characters, Prospecting of phosphorite dominanty in endogenetic, followed by metamorphous phosphorite, then the sedimentary deposits. Endogenetic phosphorite may distribute in the north borderland of Tarim paraplatform and the Sino-Korean paraplatform, especially in the grade A and grade B areas. Metamorphous phosphorite should be chosen from the prospecting area in the greenstone belt and late Paleoproterozoic area. While the sedimentatary deposits should be chosen from the minority of area with high grade and exploitation value. Pick the areas with best metallogenetic conditions as the prospecting area. Prospecting Target2 prospecting targets are set up on the background of these areas, geological metallogenetic conditions, the features of mineralization and the lithofacies palaeogeography, metamorphic facies and the anomaly materials of geochemical exploration and geophysical prospecting.Endogenetic Phosphorite Precinct1）Tarim paraplatform: Drilling veitification will expand anomalous areas of geophysical prospecting C12-1、C15-1 in balefire platform-Kawuluktag phosphorite prospect, C29-1, C29-2 in Qieganbulake-Daxigou prospect，C24-1、C24-3 in Aoertang prospect, and No.88 & 89 anomaly of the matallogenetic prospect in Tuanjiecun。2）Northern Borderland of Sino-Korean Paraplatform Geophysical prospecting survey, geological survey and drilling verification will be developed in Tahuabao geophysical prospecting anomalous region of Yangyuan-Huailai metallogenic predicting area, Mashenqiao and Zhueryu ore occurrence, Boshugou-Chedaozi and Santunying rock mass in Kuancheng-Qinglong-Suizhong metallogenic predicting area, Tiema region in Chengde-Pingquan metallogenic predicting area， Liuying region in Chongli-Fengning predicting area.Metamorphous Phosphorite Precinct1）Northern Borderland of Sino-Korean ParaplatformWe will develop the route geological survey, surface geophysical prospecting, geological survey, trenching opening in Daxigou ore occurrence of Mongolia Wuqianqi metallogenic predicting area, ore occurrence, chemi-geophysical prospecting anomalous region in Shizui town-Shizigou town of Chongli metallogenic predicting area, ore occurrence, chemi-geophysical prospecting anomalous area from Houying town to Tahuangqi area of Fengning predicting area, Boqi mountain-Jinchanggouliang area of Jianping-Buxin metallogenic predicting area. 2）Eastern Borderland of Sino-Korean ParaplatformRoute geological survey, geological survey and trenching opening from Songyang Phosphorite of Wuxue city in Guangji Niutou mountain-Huangmeitaerban prospecting area to Huangmeitaerban phosphorite, Lengpeng-Yujiabeiwan area of Yingshan-Guangshui prospecting area.Sedimentary Phosphorite Prospect1）Northern Borderland of Tarim ParaplatformSome route geological survey , geological survey and the trenching opening in south of Zhalunkuduke in Kuluktag prospecting area.2）Tianshan GeosynclineSome route geological survey, Geological survey and measuring, trenching opening in Pingtai mountain-Fangshankou area of Pingtai mountain prospecting area.5 ConclusionBased on the analysis, it is suggested that it have a good prospecting potential in north China. The Endogenetic phosphorite in north china is related to the structure with magmatic activities as well as some metallogenetic informations including the geophysics and geochemical anomaly. Sedimentary phosphorite in north china are of low grade and of small scale because of the shortage of suitable sedimentary environment for the secular stability. Phosphorite in greenstone belt mainly distribute in the continental nucleus in Sino-Korean Paraplatform. Ore-bearing protolith are the basic rock, ferromagnesian, and felsic rocks which are formed from the regional metamorphism and migmatization . Metamorphous phosphorite in late Paleoproterozoic Era formed by clastic rock and carbonatite in neritic sediment degenerated in different degrees , and of high prospecting potential.Metallogenic prediction for north China and the search of the phosphorite are a long and tortuous work, and yet a very important work. To combine with the survey work in the Tarimu Platform and aim to the two belts for the endogenetic phosphorite, searching for the phosphorite in the north mainly for endogenesis in different areas and stages. It is necessary to integrate the work on the research in deformational events with comprehensive information, to sum up for the rules of the mineralization, and make full use of the theories for the development and the breakthrough in search for the phosphorite in north china.References1 Xiong Xianxiao，Li Boyun，Yao Chaomei，et all. Phosphate deposit types and Its metallogenic Regularities in northern China J.Geology of Chemical Minerals，2007，29（03）2Ren Jishun，Jiang Chunfa，Zhang Zhengkun，et all. China Geotectonic and Its Evolution M. Beijing:Science Press，19803Hebei Geological Bureau. Regional Geology of Hebei ProvinceM.Beijing Geological Publishing House，19894 Geological Burean of Sinkiang UigurMunicipality. Regional Geology of Sinkiang UigurMunicipalityM.Beijing: Geological Publishing House，19935Dongye Maixing，Yang Gengsheng，Zhu Hongjun，et all. Research on Endogenous Phosph
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