自考本科英美文学.ppt

TheNeoclassicalPeriod 新古典主义时期 Duration P 79 NeoclassicalperiodistheoneinEnglishliteraturebetweenthereturnofStuarts 斯图亚特王朝 totheEnglishthronein1660andthefullassertionofRomanticismwhichcamewiththepublicationofLyricalBallads抒情诗集byWordsworth华兹华斯andColeridge柯勒律治in1978 Aturbulenttime Anagefullofconflictsanddivergenceofvalues TherestorationofCharlesIIin1660TheGloriousRevolutionin1689ConstantstrifebetweenthemonarchandtheparliamentConstantstrifebetweenbigparties theToriesandWhigs ConstantstrifebetweenrulingclassandthelaboringpoorConstantstrifebetweenreligioussects suchastheRomanCatholicismandprotestants churchofEngland TheeighteenthcenturysawthefastdevelopmentofEnglandasanation SocialBackground fastdevelopmentofEnglandasanationEconomicDevelopment 1 AvastexpansionofBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica India theWestIndies2 ActsofEnclosure圈地法案 EnclosureMovement圈地运动 Shipdevouringman 3 IndustrialRevolution工业革命4 TheriseoftheBritishbourgeoisormiddleclass Enlightenment启蒙运动 P 80 The18th centuryEnglandisknownastheAgeofEnlightenment启蒙时期ortheAgeofReason理性时代 1 aprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFrance sweptthroughthewholeWesternEurope2 furtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15th 16thcenturies 3 toenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodemphilosophical artisticideas 4 Theenlightenerscelebratedreasonorrationality equality science Theyadvocateduniversaleducation reasonservesastheyardstickfrothemeasurementofallhumanactivities 5 providedtheoryfortheFrenchRevolutionof1789andtheAmericanWarofIndependencein1776 Somegreatenlighteners JohnDryden德莱顿AlexanderPope亚历山大 蒲柏JosephAddison 艾迪生 RichardSteele理查德 斯蒂尔JonathanSwift乔纳森 斯威夫特DanielDefoe丹尼尔 笛福RichardSheridan查尔斯 谢里丹HenryFielding亨利 菲尔丁SamuelJohnson塞缪尔 约翰逊 Neoclassicism Inthefieldofliterature theEnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks ThistendencyisknownasNeoclassicism Viewpointsonliterature p 81 AllformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriters theartisticidealsshouldbeorder logic restrainedemotionandaccuracy Literatureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity Fixedlawsandruleonliterature Prose precise direct smoothandflexible Poetry lyrical epical didactic satiricordramatic andeachclassshouldbeguidedbyitsownprinciples Drama writtenintheHeroicCouplets p 82 Literature Poetry JohnDryden AlexanderPope SamuelJohn ThomasGrayModernEnglishNovels givesarealisticpresentationoflifeofthecommonpeople DanielDefoe SamuelRichardson HenryFielding LaurenceSterne GeorgeSmollett OliverGoldsmith Drama RichardBrinsleySheridanProse JonathanSwift AmodestProposal thebestmodelofsatire GothicNovels p 83 storiesofmysteryandhorrorwhichtakeplaceinsomehauntedordissertedcastlesHoraceWalpole TheCastleofOtrantoAnnRadcliffe TheMysteriesofUdolpho theItalian JohnBunyan约翰 班扬 1628 1688BornintoapoorfamilyImprisonedtwiceforpreachingWrotePilgrim sProgressduringthesecondimprisonment Works P 84 TheLifeandDeathofMr BadmanThePilgrim sProgress 天路历程 ThePilgrim sProgress Themostsuccessfulreligiousallegory 寓言 intheEnglishlanguage Characters author Christian Pliable 柔软的 Mr WorldlyWiseman Mr Evangelist 传道者 Faithful Apollyon恶魔 Hopeful GiantDespair Thestory p 85 reachingtheCelestialCity 天国 Reading VanityFair名利场Allthatcomethisvanity ChristianarrivedinVanityFairAdescriptionoftheFairandthePeople AlexanderPope 1688 1744AwelltodomerchantfamilyIllhealthfromthecradletothegraveArepresentativeoftheEnlightenmentOneofthefirsttointroducerationalism 理性主义 toEnglandOrder supremevalue p 91 AnexpertonHeroicCouplet Hisworks AnEssayOnCriticism论批评TheRapeoftheLock 夺发记 amockepicDunciad 愚人记 asatireAnEssayOnMan人论 DanielDefoe笛福 Hisworks TheShortestWaywiththeDissenters TheTrue bornEnglishmanTheReviewRobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记 mostfamousofhiswork hismasterpiece CaptainSingleton 辛格尔顿船长 MollFlanders 摩根 佛兰德斯 ColonelJack 杰克上校 Roxana 罗克珊娜 AJournalofthePlagueYear 大疫年日记 Characteristicsofhisworks p 98 Defoewasaverygoodstory teller HehadagiftfororganizingminutedetailsHissentencesaresometimesshort crisp plain sometimeslong ramblingHislanguageissmooth easy colloquial mostlyvernacular Thereisnothingartificialinhislanguage itiscommonEnglishatitsbest RobinsonCrusoe Characters RobinsonCrusoe Friday aNegroStory p 99 Robinson realhero thetypical18thEnglishmiddleclassman withagreatcapacityforwork theveryprototype 原型 oftheempirebuildertherepresentativeofthehumanlaborandpuritanfortitude JonathanSwift 1677 1745Amastersatirist讽刺作家 P 107 AmasterofEnglishProse散文 P 107 Hisworks P 107 ATaleofaTub 木桶的故事 TheBattleoftheBooks 书籍之战 Gulliver sTravels hisgreatestsatiricwork 格列佛游记 AModestProposal morepowerful 温和的建议 TheDrapier sLetters 布商来信 Writingstyle Swiftisamastersatirist SwiftisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose Goodstyle properwordsinproperplace Gulliver sTravels格列佛游记 Hisbestfictionalwork小说Publishedin1726Theme criticismsandsatiresofallaspectsinthethenEnglishandEuropeanlife p 108 Fourparts p 108 PartI HisexperiencesinLilliput 小人国 PartII HisexperiencesinBrobdingnag 大人国 PartIII TheexperiencesinFlyingIsland 飞岛 PartIV TheexperienceinHouyhnhnm 具有人类理性的马 land Reading AnaccountofsomeaspectsofLilliputianlife HenryFielding 亨利 菲尔丁 AplaywrightandanovelistConsideredFatherofEnglishNovelforhiscontributiontotheestablishmentoftheformofthemodernNovel p 121 comicepicinprose 散文体喜剧史诗 p 121 Adopted thethird personnarration Hisworks Plays TheCoffee housePolitician 咖啡屋的政治家TheTragedyofTragedies 悲剧中的悲剧Pasquin 巴斯昆ThehistoricalRegisterfortheyear 历史纪事 Novels p 120 1 TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews 约瑟夫 安德鲁斯 2 TheHistoryofJonathanWildtheGreat大伟人江奈生 魏尔德传3 TheHistoryofTomJones aFoundling 汤姆 琼斯 masterpieceonsubjectofhumannature4 ThehistoryofAmelia astoryoftheunfortunatelifeofanidealizedwoman amaudlinpictureofthesociallife Thewritingcharacteristics P 121 TomJones p 122 FullTitle thehistoryofTomJones afoundling Fielding smasterpiece18books Charactersandthestory TomMr Allworthy Blifil anephewSophiaandMr Western ThepersonalityofTom anationalhero honest kind hearted high spirited loyal andbrave butimpulsive 冲动 SamuelJohnson塞缪尔 约翰逊 Enenergeticandversatile 多才多艺的 writerPoet dramatist proseromancer 传奇小说作家 biographer essayist critic lexicographer 词典编纂者 Hisworks p 131 LondonTheVanityofHumanwishes人类欲望之虚幻TheHistoryofRasselas PrinceofAbyssiniaIrene AuthorofthefirstEnglishDictionarybyanEnglishman AdictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage RichardBrinsleySheridan谢立丹 AplaywrightWorks TheRivals对手TheschoolforScandal丑闻学校P 136 ThomasGray托马斯 格雷 Leaderofthesentimentalpoetry 感伤主义诗歌领袖 Graveyardschool墓地派ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard1751乡村墓园挽歌 TheRomanticPeriod 浪漫主义时期 p 157 Beganin1789withthepublicationofWordsworth华滋华斯andColeridge s柯勒律治LyricalBallads抒情诗集Endedin1832withSirWalterScott s沃尔特 司各特death HistoricalBackground Internationally FrenchRevolution1789 1794法国革命JeanJacqueRousseau卢梭 法国启蒙思想家 ThomasPaine s托马斯 潘恩DeclarationofRightsofMan人权宣言 Nationally TheEnclosure圈地运动IndustrialRevolution工业革命Sharpconflictsbetweencapitalandlabor Romanticism浪漫主义P 161 1789 1832AliteraryandphilosophicaltheoryTheindividualastheverycenterofalllifeandexperienceThecenterofartLiteratureasanexpressionofhisorheruniquefeelings Anageofpoetry majorromanticpoets Blake布莱克 Wordsworth华兹华斯 Coleridge柯勒律治 Byron拜伦 Shelley雪莱 Keats济慈 Majorrepresentativesofthemovement WordsworthandColeridge Natureisthemajorsourceofpoeticimagination providesthesubjectmatter 5 poetryshouldbefreefromallrules Viewsonpoetry p 161 162 1 Poetryasahealingenergy 2 simpletheme3 poetasa manspeakingtomen poetryasthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings 4 imaginationandnature Prose散文 AlsoagreatageofproseNewspapers magazinesandperiodical期刊Representatives Coleridge Hazlitt黑兹利特Lamb兰姆DeQuincey德昆西Novelists JaneAusten简 奥斯汀 WalterScott沃尔特 司各特 JaneAusten p 165 Hermajortheme loveandmarriageLoveshouldbejustifiedbyreasonanddisciplinedbyself control WalterScott establishedthehistoricalnovelWaverley威弗利RobRoy罗伯 罗伊Ivanhoe艾凡赫 GothicNovels p 166 atypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatedinthelate18thcentury wasonephaseoftheRomanticMovementprincipalelements violence horror thesupernaturalTypicalexamples TheMysteriesofUdolpho奥多芙的神秘 1794 byAnnRadcliffe Frankenstein 科学怪人 1818 byMaryShelley WilliamBlake威廉 布莱克 Apoetandengraver雕刻师LifeofseclusionandpovertyRecognizedposthumously死后 FirstimportantRomanticpoet Hisworks PoeticalSketches 诗学札记 Acollectionofyouthfulverse Joy laughter loveandharmonyaretheprevailingnotep 168 SongsofInnocence 天真之歌 presentingahappyandinnocentworldSongsofExperience 经验之歌 aworldofmisery poverty disease warP 168Centraltheme childhood TheMarriageofHeavenandHell 天堂与地狱的婚姻 Asatireandarevolutionaryprophecy 预言 therelationshipofthecontraries 对立 Languagestyles P 170 plainanddirectlanguage lyricbeautywithimmensecompression 压缩 ofmeaning Hedistruststheabstractness抽象andtendstoembodyhisviewswithvisualimages视觉意象 Symbolism象征 ChimneySweeper 1 扫烟囱的人Scarcely 几乎不Soot煤烟Curl 卷发 卷曲Shave 剃Sight 景象Coffin 棺材 Plain 平原Leaping 跳跃Theme childlaborinnocence ChimneySweeper 2 Woe 悲哀Heath 荒野Theme childlaborAcriticismoftheChurchandKingexperience TheTyger老虎 Immortal 不朽的Frame 设计 建造Symmetry 对称 匀称Deeps 深渊Aspire 追求Twist 扭曲Sinew 肌腱 Furnace 火炉Anvil 砧骨Clasp 紧抱 Summary oneofBlake sbest knownpoems thegreatpoweroftigerSymbolicthepowerofman Ortherevolutionaryforce Ortheevil Orasitisusuallyinterpreted theAlmightyMakerwhocreatedboththemeek gentlelamb theterrible awesometiger WilliamWordsworth OneoftheLakePoets湖畔诗人 Southey骚塞 Coleridge柯勒律治 CollaboratedonLyricalBallads 抒情诗集 withColeridgePoetLaureate桂冠诗人 1843 p 175 WorshiperandProphetsofnature 自然的提倡者 p 176 179 LeadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry thefocal焦点poeticvoiceoftheperiod p 179 Startedthemodernpoetry changedthecourseofEnglishpoetrybyusingordinaryspeechofthelanguageandbyadvocatingareturntonature p 179 Hisworks CollaboratedonLyricalBallads 抒情诗集 withColeridgeTwogroupsaccordingtothesubjects NatureHumanlife Poemsaboutnature 176 177 TheSparrow sNest麻雀窝ToaSkylark致云雀TotheCuckoo致布谷鸟ToaButterfly致蝴蝶IwanderedLonelyasaCloud我孤独地漫游 像一朵云AnEveningWalkMyHeartLeapsupTinternAbbey丁登寺 PoemsaboutHumanlife 177 178 Theme JoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeopleTheThorn荆棘TheSailor smother水手的母亲Michael迈克尔TheAfflictionofMargaret玛格丽特的苦恼TheOldCumberlandBeggar坎伯兰郡的老乞丐 Lucypoems ayoungcountrygirllivingasimplelifeinaremotevillagefarfromthecivilizedworldTheIdiotBoy白痴男孩TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦者 Longpoem Prelude 序曲 amasterpiecetoshowhisphilosophyofhislifeProphetofnature p 178 Literaryviews SimplicitySourceofpoetictruthisthedirectexperienceofthesenses Scenesandeventsofeverydaylifeandspeechofordinarypeoplearetherawmaterialsofpoetry P 179 IwanderedLonelyasaCloud Float 漂浮Vale 溪谷 谷Daffodil 水仙花Flutter 飘动 摆动Toss 摇动Sprightly 愉快的Outdid 超越 Glee 快乐Jocund 快活的Vacant 空的Pensive 沉思的Solitude 孤独 Theme BeautyofNatureHappinesssolitude ComposeduponWestminsterBridge 西敏寺桥有感而作Majesty 威严 雄伟Garment 衣服Dome 圆屋顶Glittering 闪闪发光的Splendor 光彩 壮丽Glide 滑翔 AnItalianSonnetrhymingabbaabbacdcdcdBeautyofnature SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenways 她住在人迹罕至的地方Dwelt 居住Untrodden 杳无人迹的Maid少女Violet 紫罗兰Mossy 生苔的 Cease 停止OneoftheLucypoemsAyoungcountrygirllivingasimplelife Solitaryreaper孤独的割麦者 Behold 看Yon 那边Lass少女Reap 收割Bind 捆绑Overflowing 满溢 ayoungpeasantgirlworkingaloneinthefields singingassheworks SamuelTaylorColeridge 塞缪尔 泰勒 柯尔律治AjointvolumeofpoetrywithWilliamWordsworth LyricalBallads 抒情诗集 AlandmarkinEnglishPoetryOneoftheLakePoets 湖畔诗人 Hisworks TheRimeoftheAncientMariner古航海家之歌KublaKhan 忽必烈汗Christabel 克里斯塔贝尔mysticism神秘主义 demonism魔凭妄想andstrongimagination GeorgeGordonByron拜伦 AromanticpoetPoetryofexperience Hisheroesaremoreorlesssurrogates代理ofhimself Hisworks ChildeHarold sPilgrimage哈罗德公子游记DonJuan 唐璜 p 194 ChildeHarold sPilgrimage p 194 Agloomy passionateyoungwandererwhoescapedfromthesocietyhedislikedandtraveledaroundthecontinent questingforfreedom DonJuan p 194 Masterpiece agreatepicoftheearly19thcenturyApoembasedonatraditionalSpanishlegendofagreatloverandseducerofwomen ByronicHero拜伦式英雄 p 195 1 Aproud mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin 自负的 神秘的 出身高贵的反叛角色2 Passionate热情的 powerful3 Unconquerablewillsandunexhaustedenergies 无敌的意志和无限的精力4 rebellious反叛的5 modeledonthelifeandpersonalityofByronhimself SongfortheLuddites 卢德工人之歌Luddites n 勒德分子 十九世纪初英国手工业工人中参加捣毁机器的人 强烈反对机械化或自动化的人SupportoftheLudditesSympathyfortheworkers PercyByssheShelley雪莱 oneoftheleadingRomanticpoetsanintense originallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage P 209 WithrevolutionaryideasLoveforfreedomandhatredtowardtyranny Hisworks QueenMab AphilosophicalPoem 麦布女王emphasizeshowthe SpiritofNature自然的精灵 pulsesinallpeopleandmakesanabsurdity荒谬ofselfishnessandprideTheRevoltofIslam伊斯兰的反叛 PrometheusUnbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 Four actpoeticdramabaseonGreekmythologyAnexultant 欢欣鼓舞的 workinpraiseofhumankind spotential p 208 Adonais 阿童尼 anelegyforJohnKeatsManofEngland 英格兰人 awarcryforrebellion p 207 209 Odetothewestwind西风颂 ifWintercomes canSpringbefarbehind p 214 JohnKeats约翰 济慈 Hisworks p 216 218 OnfirstLookingintoChapman sHomer初读查普曼译荷马有感Endymion 恩底弥翁Lamia 拉弥亚 希腊神话中的人首蛇身女怪 上半身是美丽的女人 下半身为蛇身 Isabella 伊莎贝拉TheEveofSt Agnes圣爱格尼斯之夜 TheFourGreatOdes四大颂 OdeonMelancholy忧郁颂OdeonaGrecianUrn希腊古瓮颂OdetoaNightingale夜莺颂OdetoPsyche心灵颂 JaneAusten简奥斯丁 broughttheEnglishnovels asanartofform toitsmaturityoneofthegreatestofallnovelists p 226 realisticwriter Herworks p 223 SenseandSensibility理智与情感HerfirstnovelPrideandPrejudice傲慢与偏见ThemostpopularofhernovelsdealingwiththefiveBennetsisters theirsearchforsuitablehusbandsNorthangerAbbey诺桑觉寺satirizesthosepopularGothicromancesofthelate18thcentury MansfieldPark曼斯菲尔德庄园presentstheantithesisofworldliness unworldlinessEmma爱玛givesthethoughtoverself deceptivevanityPersuasion劝导contraststhetruelovewiththeprudentialcalculations Characteristicsofhernovels 1 arealisticwriter2 aneoclassicismadvocator upholdingtraditionalideasoforder reason proportionandgracefulnessinnovelwriting p 223 3 abouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelationship therelationshipbetweenmen womeninlove p 223 224 4 writeswithinaverynarrowsphere day to daycountrylifeoftheupper middleclassEnglish p 226 PrideandPrejudice傲慢与偏见 Pride Prejudice originallydraftedas FirstImpressions in1796 isthemostdelightfulofJaneAusten sworks ThelovestorybetweenDarcyandEizabethThetitletellsofamajorconcernofthenovelpride prejudice Charactersandthestory P 226 228 ThelovestorybetweenDarcyandElizabethMr andMrs Bennethasfivedaughters BingleyandJaneLydiaandWickham TheVictorianPeriod 维多利亚时期 Duration 1836 1901 thereignofQueenVictoria 维多利亚女王统治时期 P 233 Economically Earlyyears rapideconomicdevelopmentandserioussocialproblems IndustrialRevolution workshopoftheworld Lateyears decline衰退oftheBritishEmpireandthedecay腐朽oftheVictorianvalues OscarWildeandWalterPater Artforart ssake 为艺术而艺术 Politically Tensionandconflictbetweencapitalandlabor ChartistMovement 宪章运动 Ideologically 思想上 fundamentalchanges religiousconvictions宗教信仰wereshookDarwin sTheoriginofSpecies物种起源 Tennyson sInMemoriam丁尼生悼念 Utilitarianism功利主义 实用主义 Literature 1 Many sidedandcomplex2 Reflectthegreatchangesthatweregoingoninpeople slifeandthought Novels Criticalrealists批判现实主义者andnovelists Dickens 狄更斯 Thackeray 萨克雷 CharlotteBronte 夏洛蒂 勃朗特 EmilyBronte 艾米莉 勃朗特 Mrs Gaskell盖斯凯尔夫人 AnthonyTrollope安东尼 特罗洛普GeorgeEliot 乔治 艾略特 ThomasHardy 托马斯 哈代 p 236 Criticalrealists Afaithfulrepresentation真实的再现CriticismofthesocietyDefenceofthemassConcernaboutthefateofthecommonpeople Prose 散文Poetry mainlycharacterizedbyexperimentswithnewstylesandnewwaysofexpressionPoets RobertBrowning布朗宁 AlfredTennyson丁尼生 Victorianliterature ingeneral truthfullyrepresentstherealityandspiritoftheage p 237 CharlesDickens查尔斯狄更斯 UnhappychildhoodOneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge 17novels Hisworks SketchesbyBoz博兹札记ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub匹克威克外传OliverTwist雾都孤儿NicholasNickleby尼古拉斯 尼克贝TheOldCuriosityShop老古玩店BarnabyRudge巴纳比 拉奇 DombeyandSon董贝父子DavidCopperfield大卫 科波菲尔BleakHouse荒凉山庄HardTimes艰难时世LittleDorrit小杜丽ATaleofTwoCities双城记GreatExpectations伟大前程OurMutualFriend我们共同的朋友 Writingcharacteristics 1 Acriticalrealisticwriter2 Dickenssetsafullmap alarge scalecriticismofthe19th centuryEngland particularlyLondon 3 Amasterstory teller 4 Hislanguage oftencomparedwithShakespeare 5 character portrayal人物描写 typesandindividuals6 minglingofhumorandpathos 幽默与同情的混合 OliverTwist雾都孤儿 Thenovelisfamousforitsvividdescriptionsoftheworkhouse lifeoftheunderworldinthe19th centuryLondon Maincharacters OliverTwist Fagin Mr Brownlow BillSikes NancyRoseMonks Oliver shalf brother TheBronteSisters EmilyBronte 艾米莉 勃朗特WutheringHeights呼啸山庄CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂 勃朗特JaneEyre简爱AnneBronte安妮 勃朗特AgnesGrey艾格妮斯 格雷 CharlotteBronte Awriterofrealismcombinedwithromanticism Struggleofanindividualconsciousnesstowardsself realizationSomelonelyandneglectedyoungwomenwithafiercelongingforlove understandingandafull happylife p 256 Allherheroines highestjoycomesfromsomesacrificeofselforsomehumanweaknessovercome Herworksarefamousforthedepictionofthelifeofthemiddle classworkingwomen particularlygovernesses 女家庭教师 JaneEyre OneofthemostpopularandimportantnovelsoftheVictorianage Sharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety IntroductiontotheEnglishnovelthefirstgovernessheroine CharactersandtheStory 1 Jane schildhoodatGateshead wheresheisabusedbyherauntMrs Reedandcousins2 hereducationatLowoodSchool3 hertimeasgovernessatThornfieldManor whereshefallsinlovewithRochester 4 hertimewiththeRiversfamily hercoldclergyman cousinSt JohnRiversproposestoher5 herreunionwithandmarriagetoherbelovedRochester JaneEyre Agirlofquickwit honesty frankness lovingheart spiritofindependenceandself dignity ThefirstgovernessheroineintheEnglishnovel Representsthosemiddle classwomenwhoarestrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing Rochester Grim looking energetic quick temperedbutanoutstandingmiddle agedman AByronichero 拜伦式英雄 Themes 1 Thecriticismofthebourgeoissystemofeducation2 Thepositionofwomaninsociety theheroinemaintainswomenshouldhaveequalrightswithmen EmilyBronte AchildofnatureApoetbestknownastheauthorofWutheringHeights呼啸山庄 WutheringHeights呼啸山庄 Astoryoftwofamiliesandanintrudingstranger TheEarnshawfamilyinWutheringHeights Mr Earnshaw Hindley Catherine TheLintonfamilyInThrushcrossGrange Mr Linton Edgar Isabella Afoundling Heathcliff Story Mr EarnshawpickedupHeathcliffCatherinelovedHeathcliffHindleyhatedhimCatherineintendedtomarryEdgarHeathcliffranawayandreturnedfiveyearslatertotakerevengeonHindley Catherine Mrs Linton lovedEdgarbuthadpassionforHeathcliffCatherinediedgivingbirthtoCathyHeathcliff heartbroken tookrevengeonpeopleofbothhouses TookpossessionofWutheringHeightsMarriedIsabellaandtookpossessionofThrushcrossGrange HeathcliffsawCatherine sghostandsoondiedHareton sonofHindley andCathymarried Themes Astoryaboutapoormanabused betrayedanddistortedbyhissocialbettersbecauseheisapoornobody AlovestoryRevenge 复仇 andLove AlfredTennyson ThemostrepresentativeVictorianpoet Voicedthedoubtandthefaith thegriefandthejoyoftheEnglishpeople p 237 PoetLaureatein1850 Hisworks InMemoriam 悼念集ApoeticdiaryAnelaborate 详细的 andpowerfulexpressionofthepoet sphilosophicalandreligiousthoughts哲学和宗教思想 IdyllsoftheKing亚瑟王之牧歌BasedontheCelticlegendsofKingArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable 亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士 Break Break Break破碎CrossingtheBar越过沙洲Ulysses尤利西斯 RobertBrowning 罗勃特 布朗宁AVictorianpoetAcontemporaryofAlfredTennyson acknowledgedasthemostoriginalpoetofthetime Dramaticmonologue 戏剧独白诗一个叙述者 这个叙述者一般不是诗人本身 在一个非常特别或者重要的场景下 说的话就组成了整个诗篇 在整首诗中 独白者与一个或多个听众沟通或交流 但我们对这些听众说的话 做的事 只有通过这个独白中的线索才能知道 通过诗人对独白者语言的选择和控制 我们可以充分了解到独白者的性格和气质 这样使诗歌读起来更有趣 Inhishand dramaticmonologuereachesitsmaturityandperfection p 283 Inadramaticmonologue thecharacterismadetotalkabouttheirlives andabouttheirmindsandhearts MyLastDuchess我已故的公爵夫人 hisbestknowndramaticmonologue p 287 TheRingandtheBook戒指和书 hismasterpiece GeorgeEliot MaryAnnEvansAwomannovelist Herworks AdamBede亚当 贝德TheMillontheFloss弗洛斯河上的磨坊SilasMarner织工马南Middlemarch米德尔马契 hergreatestwork Achievements 1 Initiatesanewtypeofrealism2 Naturalisticandpsychologicalnovel3 inherworks sheseekstopresenttheinnerstruggleofasoulandtorevealthemotives动机 impulses冲动andhereditary遗传influenceswhichgovernhumanaction 4 aparticularconcernforthedestinyofwomen Naturalism自然主义 自然主义 LeNaturalisme 是文学艺术创作中的一种倾向 作为创作方法 自然主义一方面排斥浪漫主义的想象 夸张 抒情等主观因素 另一方面轻视现实主义对现实生活的典型概括 而追求绝对的客观性 崇尚单纯地描摹自然 着重对现实生活的表面现象作记录式的写照 并企图以自然规律特别是生