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Unit 1II. Vocabulary:Beauty-beautiful-beautify, harvest, celebration-celebrate, starve-starvation, origin-original, religion- religious, ancestor Mexico-Mexican, feast, bone, belief-believe, trick poet-poem, arrival-arrive, gain, independence- independent depend-dependentdependence, gather, agriculture - agricultural award-reward, rooster, admire-admiration energetic-energy, Easter, clothing-clothes-cloth, Christian-Christ-Christmas, custom, worldwide, fool foolish, permission-permit parking-park, apologize-apology drown-drowning, sadness-sad obvious-obviously, wipe, weep, remind, forgive-forgave-forgivenIII. Language points: 1. mean 1) mean+ to do打算,意欲 2) mean+ n/ pron/that从句-意思3）mean+ v-ing意味 meaning (n) 意思 meaningful (a) 有意义的2. celebrate (v) celebration (n) 庆祝活动 hold a celebration/ celebrations 3. take place 不用于被动语态take sbs place/ take the place of sb= replace sbtake place 指经过安排的事情happen 偶然发生，碰巧发生break out 灾难、疾病、战争等突然爆发4. would+ v 过去常常5. starve starve for 急需starve to death 饿死6. Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.1) v 尊敬,给以荣誉2) in honor of 为了纪念A festival is set to honor/ in honor of the hero.Do harm to sb= harm sb Do more harm than good 7. in memory of 纪念,悼念8. arrive (v) arrival (n)The arrival of the plane has been delayed._ my arrival at school, Mr Li was there.9. gain (n/ v) I gained a lot from my teacher. No pains, no gains.10. gather 1) A lot of people gathered to see what had happened. 聚集,集合 (vi)2) The student gathered a lot of information about the hero. 收集 (vt)11. award 奖励 reward 回报,报酬 He received an award of 1,000 dollars. He was awarded a medal for his excellent work. 12. admire admire sb for sth They admired our garden. I admired him for his success in business.13. look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing Im looking forward to his coming. -ward 向着方向 backward 向后 forward 向前14. As though/ if 好象 15. have fun with sb 玩得开心1. parking lot 停车场 名词复数:parking lots How could a mother do that on the pavement surface of a supermarket parking lot?在超市停车场的人行道上，一位母亲怎么能做到这些呢？2. turn up 开大;翻起;出现;（尤指失去后偶然）被发现3. keep ones words 信守某人的诺言4. hold ones breath 屏住呼吸5. obviousit was obvious that 很明显6. set off set out和set off都有出发的意思,区别set off更含开始(旅行、赛跑等）的意思，what time are you planning to set off tommorrow?你明天打算几点钟启程？7. remind of 就提醒（某人）;使（某人）想起;指出Does not it remind of jupiter?难道它没让我们想起木星吗？ Unit 2 Healthy eating语法：Modal Verbs -ought/oughtnt to；Should/shouldnt; mustnt; neednt; (dont) have to; will; can/cantI. 本单元词汇：diet, nut, bean, pea, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, mushroom, peach, lemon, balance, barbecue, mutton, roast, fry, ought, bacon, slim, curiosity, hostess, raw, vinegar, lie, customer, discount, weakness, strength, consult, fiber, digest, carrot, debt, glare, spy, limit, limited, benefit, breast, garlic, sigh, combineIII. 单元知识点（1）： 1.Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.feeling very frustrated 现在分词在句中作伴随状语eg.She sat on the chair reading a newspaper.(表伴随) Walking in the street, she met her old friend.(表时间) Seeing no body at home , she decided to eat outside.(表原因) The child fell, striking his head against the ground.(表结果)2. His restaurant ought to be full of people. Ought to 1) to show a moral duty 表示一种道义上的责任，应该Eg.She ought to look after her child better. You ought to study hard to get a high mark. 2)ought to have done 表示本应该，而却没有Eg.You ought to have come yesterday. 3.He thought of his mutton kebabs, fatty pork cooked in the hottest, finest oil. 过去分词短语作后置定语，表被动。 = which were cooked in the hottest oil. Eg.The flowers picked by him are very beautiful. 4.Nothing could have been better.比较级与否定词连用表示最高级。 = All his food could have been the best. Eg.I have never seen a better film. There is nothing I like so much as playing football. 5.Tired of all that fat?Tired of 厌烦的 He is tired of doing the same thing all year round.Tired out 筋疲力尽 I was tired out when I finally reach the top of the mountain.Tired from 因而疲倦 I was very tied from running fast.6. get away with sth./doing sth. a)不因某事而受惩罚。I wont have you getting away with cheating in the exam.b)偷携某物潜逃。The robbers robbed the bank and got away with a lot of money.c)收到较轻的惩罚。He was so lucky to get away with a fine for such a serious mistake.7. lie 谎言，说谎1）The program was full of lies.2) He lied to his wife so that he could come home late.单元知识点（2）：1.Perhas he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. earn ones living by =live by=make a living by靠谋生 eg. He earned his living by begging from door to door. 2.He didnt look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. Be in debt 欠债。 Be out of debt 还清债务。Be in sb.s debt 欠某人人情。Eg. Saving my life, I am forever in your debt.3.She didnt look happy but glared at him. Glare at 怒视，带有敌意 Eg. “How could you do that？”he said, glaring at his mother. Glance at 扫视 Eg.He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry. Stare at 张大眼睛死死地盯着 Eg.She stared at him in surprise.4.Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying the dumplings, fatty pork and cola. Agree to (do) sth. 表示“同意某事或某建议”，后只能跟表“提议，计划，方案，打算，安排” Eg.He agreed to their proposal. He agreed to get someone to help us. Agree with sb. 同意某人Eg.I agree with every word you said. Agree on sth. 表示在某事上取得一致的意见Eg.They agreed on a date for the next meeting.5.But dont you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner?虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去式（be用were），而主句的谓语动词用would(should, could ,might)+动词原形。例如： If I were you, I should study English better. If he had time, he would attend the meeting.6. spy (v/n) 监视，侦查，看见，间谍1) 暗中监视；侦查。 It is impolite to spy into other peoples windows.2) 看见，发现。 He suddenly spied an old friend in the supermarket.7.before long 和long before 1)before long是介词短语，在句子中作状语，意思为：“不久后，很快”。多与将来时或者过去时连用。如：I shall visit you again before long. 2)long before是副词短语，意思为：“很久以前”，多与完成时连用。如： He had taken a doctors degree long before. Before不仅可以用作副词，还可以用作介词或者连词，这时long before的意思为: “早在之前”。如：He had come to America long before the war.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank-Note重点单词、短语unbelievable birthplace patience (patient) silly indeed adventure tiny author wander bay loneliness fault character spot unpaid playwright rude scream genuine scene account seek( sought-sought )短语： 1、make a bet on sth / that 2、do with / deal with 3、a large amount of 4、go ahead 5、as a matter of fact 6、 by accident / chance 7、stare at 8、give up 9、 account for 10、to be honest 11、care about12、show out 13、take a chance 14、be / dress in rags 15、be disappointed in sb 16、be worth doing 17、work as 18、in a rude manner 19、be jealous of 20、even if / though 21、as for 22、be filled with 23、 get into trouble 24、permit (doing) sth 25、permit sb to do sth 26、mind sth / sb. 27、be spotted by 28、be about to do 29、be/ get lost 30、be patient with 31. bring up 32. on the contrary 重点句子：（Notes to the text :Unit 3 page 80-page 83）language point（语言点）1. go ahead(1) 进行；发生The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned. 新桥的建设将会按照计划进行。(2) 前进；继续做Despite the bad weather, they still went ahead with their plans. 尽管天气不好，他们仍按计划继续前进。(3) 取得进展，取得进步He is always going ahead. 他一直在进步。(4) (祈使句) 做吧，请吧 May I start now？我可以开始了吗？ Yes, go ahead.好，开始吧。2. stare at 注视，盯着看He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 我盯着那个词看，想要回忆起它的意思。Its rude to stare at other people. 盯着别人看是不礼貌的。3. find sb/oneself done/ doing/adj/n/prep-phraseWhen day broke, I found myself in a small village. 破晓，我发现我身处在一个村庄里。I found myself lying on the bed. 我发现我躺在床上。He found himself surrounded by many students. 他发现他被许多学生围着。He found himself walking in the direction of the park. 他发现他正在往公园的方向前行。I found him difficult to get along well with. 我发现他很难相处。4. spot spotless spotted(1) v. (用眼睛)挑出，察出，认出I spotted her in the crowd. 我从人群中认出了他。(2) v 使染上斑点；点上污点 The ink spotted her white shirt. 我把她的白色衬衫上弄上了污点。(3) n 斑点；污点；圆点 She had spots on her face when she was ill. 她生病的时候，脸上出现了斑点。(4) n 地点；场所 This is a nice spot for a house. 这是一个建房子的好地方。5、order n 叫/要的菜 May I take you order now? 您的菜点好了吗？ n 顺序，次序 The books are arranged in order of size. 书籍按尺寸码放。 n 命令 Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。 We did it on his order. 我们奉他之命做了那件事。 v 命令 The officer ordered his soldiers to march. 长官命令他的士兵前进。 v 预订，订购I have ordered a new computer from the shop. 我从商店里订购了一台新电脑。Ive ordered a steak. 我点了一份牛排。 6. take a chance 碰运气As for whether he will win the game or not, we must take a chance. 对于他能否取胜，我们只能碰运气。 7、 manner n 方法；方式Why are you talking in such a strange manner? 你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话？ 态度；举止He talked to her in a very rude manner. 他很粗鲁地和她说话。 礼貌，礼节；风俗，习俗Its bad manners to talk with a mouth full. 嘴里有食物时说话不礼貌。You should have good manners all the time. 你应该时时刻刻都讲礼貌。These are the manners and customs of the Chinese. 这些是中国人的风俗习惯。(4) genuine adj 真正的； 真实的；名副其实的We cannot make sure it is a genuine painting. 我们不能确认它是一幅真画。 辨析： genuine指物品的来历或性质同所说的是一致的。如: a genuine antique 一件真古董。genuine knowledge 真知；真正的知识 real adj 真实的； 真正的；指从外表看来不是虚假或伪造的 That is a real dog, not a toy. 那是一条真狗，而不是一个玩具。 true adj 意为“真实的；确实的；确切的” 指符合实际情况。It is true that he has won the prize. 他确实赢得了奖品。Is it true that he is rich? 他很富有，是真的吗？8、 in rags穿着破旧衣服；穿得破破烂烂的(状态)The old man is in rags. 那个老人穿得破破烂烂的。9、 indeed adv 的确是；实在是；当然 Did you hear the explosion last night? 你昨晚听见爆炸声了吗？ Indeed I did. 我确实听到了。 (表示惊奇、反语等)真是的；的确 I earn $1000 a day. 我一天赚一千美元。 Indeed? 真的吗?10、from the bottom of ones heart 衷心地，真诚地；发自内心地It was a request from the bottom of my heart. 这是我发自内心的请求。 拓展：break ones heart 让某人伤心 learn sth by heart 记住 heart and soul 全心全意地 lose heart 失去信心 lose ones heart to sb = fall in love with sb 爱上某人(1) 宾语从句：引导词为that; whether/ if; what; which; who; whom; whose; when; where; how; why and so on. The object clause can be placed after vt, prep, and some adj. 语法： 名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句）1、宾语从句：注意事项 用陈述句的语序。注意从句的时态呼应（主句是现在时，从句用各种时态；主句是过去时，从句用过去的时态，包括过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来），表示客观真理或普遍事实时除外。主句的谓语动词是advise, demand, request, order, suggest, insist时，宾语从句的谓语动词用should +v.主句的主语是第一人称，谓语是think, suppose, believe, expect, imagine时，否定转移。 that引导宾语从句时，一般省略。不省略的情况为：a. 从句位于句首以示强调时；b. 及物动词后的第二个及以后的宾语从句；c. 谓语动词和that从句间有短语隔开时；d. 在复合宾语中；e. 宾语从句由“从句+主句”构成，从句的引导词紧跟在主句谓语动词后，that不省。2、 表语从句： 从属连词引导The question is whether we should ask them for help.The fact remains that you are still behind the others. 连接代词引导Guilin is not what it used to be.What she wants to know is which dress she should buy. 连接副词引导That is where Lu Xun used to live.That is why he didnt pass the exam.That was how they were defeated.注：还可由as if 或as though引导。It looks as if it were going to rain.Unit4重点单词、词组单词astronomy, system, religion theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, , carbon, atmosphere, unlike, fundamental, harmful, acids, chain, multiplied, oxygen, exist, thus, dioxide, gravity, satellite, physicist, climate, crash, spaceship, pull float, weight词组solar system, begin with，in all direction, in time, lay eggs give birth to, prevent. from, depend on, block out, cheer up, now that, get the hang of, break out, watch out.重点句子：1. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.2. The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.3. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen water vapour, and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.4. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.5. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.6. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.7. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.8. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.language point1. explode vt. & vi.（使）爆炸；爆发vt. & vi. （使某物）爆炸，炸开explode a bombThe firework exploded in his hand.vi. (感情)突然迸发，(人口等)突然或迅速增加1) At last, his anger exploded. 他终于大发雷霆。2) She exploded into loud laughter. 他突然大笑起来。Because they didnt have proper birth control policy, the population exploded.2. in time 1)sooner or later; eventually; Ill see him in time. Youll succeed in time if you work hard.2) not late She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 与time相关的短语: in no time 立刻,马上 at times 有时 at a time 每次;依次 once upon a time 从前 on time 按时;准时 at one time 从前 for the time being 暂时from time to time 不时地 kill time 消遣, 消磨时光take ones time 不着急, 慢慢来 3. fundamental十分重大的；根本的 fundamental differenceHard work is fundamental to success 4. by laying eggs. lay-laid-laid-laying 放, 把. 放在.; 产卵 He laid his books on the desk.注意: lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置;产卵 lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺;位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎 The naughty boy lied to me that the hen that lay there just now had laid two eggs the day before.5. give birth to 1) 生（孩子） Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 2) 产生The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.6. prevent.fromThe heavy snow prevented the children going to school. We were prevented by heavy smog from seeing anything.Ps: prevent sb. / sth. from doing sth. 用于主动语态时，prevent sb. / sth. from doing sth. 和stop sb. / sth. from doing sth.中的from常可省略，而keep sb. / sth. from doing sth.中的from不可省略. 用于被动语态时，三者中的from都不能省略。7. depend vi. 相信,信赖;依靠,依赖 (尤指钱); 视而定1) Good health depends on good food, enough sleep and exercise.2) 他是个可信赖的人。He is a man to be depended on.3) You cant depend on your parents forever. depend on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做什么4) -Will you go skiing with me this winter/-It/That (all/just) depends. 视情况而定dependable 可信赖的8.block out1、挡住、遮住（光线或声音）Black clouds blocked out the sun.2、忘掉、抹去（不愉快的事情）Over the years she had tried to block out that part of her life.9.Cheer up 1）Cheer sb./ sth. UpOh, come on-cheer up.Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.2）使颜色变亮Bright curtains can cheer up a dull room.10. 倍数表达法1). “A + be + 倍数 + as +形容词原级 + as + B”. This tree is three times as tall as that one. His father is twice as old as he.2). “A + be + 倍数 +形容词比较级 + than + B ” The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。The number of students in our school is three times larger than that in theirs. 我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。 3). “A + be + 倍数 + the +名词 (size, length, amount) + of + B”The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。11. now thatNow that you are busy, let me do it for you.Now that everyone is here，lets start work12. break out 它与happen, take place, come out等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。1) （战争、疾病、灾难）爆发The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美国内战爆发于1861年。2) 发生争吵A quarrel broke out between them. 他们之间发生了争吵。break down 打破; 毁掉; 破除; 坍塌; 坏掉break in 破门而入; 打断break through 突围; 突破; 冲垮; 克服break up 打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解break ones word/promise 食言; 说话不算数 Unit 5 Canada “The True North”III语言点1. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada. 她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。rather than 表示客观事实，意为“是而不是；与其不如”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。 rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。 2. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. that引导同位语从句。 考例 The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper. (上海) A. which B. whether C. what D. that3. in; on; to4. settle down 舒适地坐下/躺下 对(工作/生活)定下心来 使平静 1) 那个老人希望他儿子结婚并定居下来。The old man hoped his son would marry and settle down.2) 这种药片能使你安静一整天。This kind of pills can settle you down for a whole day.settle down to sth. / v-ing开始认真对待；静下心来做3) 他们终于开始讨论一些主要问题了。They finally settled down to a discussion of the main issues.5. manage to do = succeed in doing sth. 是“设法做、设法完成某事”的意思。1) Although he hasnt received any formal education, Mr Wang managed to finish his task.2) We should manage to realize our dream. 辨析 manage to do sth.的意思是“设法成功地完成”；try to do sth.的意思是“尽力做（但结果不一定成功）”。如：He worked hard and managed to pass the exam. 他努力学习并顺利通过了考试。He tried to pass the exam, but failed because of laziness. 他试图想通过考试，但是由于懒惰而最终失败了。6. across; through; along; overeg. It is dangerous to rush across the street if you dont watch out for the cars.I will see some beautiful birds if I walk through a rainforest. My office is the third floor along the corridor on the left.7. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. 她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔, 因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。until/till 直到为止。肯定形式表示的意思是 “做某事直至某时”, 动词必须是延续性的。I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。notuntil 直到才。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词一般为非延续性的。 He didnt finish the work until yesterday. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 a. not until 在句首, 主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初, 人类才知道热能是什么。b. 用于强调句It is not until thatIt was not until I told him that he knew about it. 直至我告诉他, 他才知道这件事。8. because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong.especially表示“尤其, 格外, 特别”, 意思相当于“in particular”或“particularly”。多用在介词短语或连词前面。specially表示“为了一个特别的目的,专门地, 特别地”, 意思相当于“for a special reason or purpose”。I came specially to see you. 我特地来看你。The weather has been especially cold. 最近天气特别冷。Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language.A. extremely B. especially C. specially D. naturally9. Its too bad you cant go as far as Ottawa, Canadas capital. (P38)as far as 1) 直到远，远到；2) (表示程度，范围)就；据；至于。常用于as far as I know“据我所知”，as far as I am concerned “就我而言”等结构中。_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (北京2004春)A. As long as B. As far as C. J
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