英语语法汇总(高中大学必备).doc

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英语语法汇总(高中大学必备)第一章 名 词一、名词的分类：名词就其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。专有名词：Beijing Smith the United Nations可数名词 普通名词：water, coal, rice不可数名词surprise, honour, help二、可数名词的复数形式1一般情况，直接加-s。 port（港口） ports；technique（技术）techniques2以s, x, ch, sh结尾发s、t、d音的词，加esbusbuses, boxboxes, bushbushesbranchbranches，stomachstomachs（stomach词尾发k，故复数直接加-s）3辅音字母+ y，变y为i，加-es universityuniversitiesy前为元音字母，直接加-s boyboys4以O结尾加-es heroheroesO前为元音字母，及部分外来词直接加-szoozoos radioradio pianopianos photophotos5以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es leafleaves wifewives 以下f结尾单词直接加-s beliefbeliefs（信念） roofroofs（屋顶） proofproofs（证据） safesafes（保险柜）chiefchiefs（首领） gulfgulfs（海湾）6不规则名词manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, toothteeth, goosegeese, mousemice, childchildren, oxoxen注1：有些可数名词的单复数相同，要根据上下文的意义来确定其单数还是复数，例如：sheep 羊 fish 鱼 deer 鹿means手段，方法 works工厂，作品 series系列注2：在些可数名词，只有单数形式，但表示复数意义。如果作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。1 个体名词：man, expert, factory 集合名词：audience（观众），class, family如：cattle 牛 people 人民 police 警察注3：集合名词既可看作单数（作为整体），也可看作复数（作为集体的各个成员）。例如：audience（观众） class（班级） family（家庭） group（小组）她家在该地区是名门望族。她的家人正在为分财产激烈地争吵。改错： A B C D2. Fish always well in the markets because fish rich protein, can A B C D （罪犯）?A B C D三、不可数名词物质名词、抽象名词均属不可数名词。前面不能加不定冠词a / an，词尾也不能加s。请牢记下列典型的不可数名词。news 消息 information 信息 advice 忠告，建议 progress 进步，进展 knowledge 知识 weather天气 fun 乐趣 equipment 设备English 英语 furniture 家具 wealth 财富 damage 损坏traffic 交通，车辆及行人 baggage / luggage 行李 clothing 衣服，衣着 word 消息，信息 work 工作 homework 家庭作业 housework 家务 改错：1 A B C D2Djoy.3 A B C D4 A B C D5 A B C D说明1：部分抽象名词可与a（an）连用，此时词义发生变化，表示某种事或人。这 2 A B C些词有：surprise, pleasure, shock, honour, help, success等。当这类词在句中作表语（例3），作宾补（例4）及在介词as之后，词义发生变化，通常要加a / an。说明2：paper表示“纸”不可数。表示“报纸、论文、书面作文、试卷、文件、有价证券”为可数名词。四、名词的所有格名词的所有格通常在名词后加s构成，用于表示所属关系。用于以下情况：1）表示有生命的名词my brothers car childrens books（儿童读物） students rooms2）表示国家、城市、地域的名词Chinas population Beijings weather3）表示天体、时间、距离、金钱的名词the moons surface ten years hard work 十年的辛劳todays newspapers 20 dollars worth of a stamp 一张价值20美元的邮票 其他无生命的名词通常用“of + 名词”的短语表示所属关系。the object of the sentence 句子的宾语the title of the film 影片的名字五、名词的作用1）名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语。主语 宾语宾语 宾补2）名词还作其他名词的前置定语，用于更准确说明某物的用途，性质，组成材料等。 a tea cup 茶杯 a car number 车牌号 a shoe shop 鞋店 a stone bridge 石桥名词作定语必须用单数。man, woman作定语，用单数还是复数由被修饰的名词的单复数决定。sport作定语，单复数形式均可。a man teacher 一个男教师 ten women doctors 十个女医生a sport（s）shirt 运动衫 the arms race 武器竞赛（特例）选：It is said that the Air Force about $80 million a year. Really a problem, isnt it ?Abird hit cost Bbirds hit costs Cbird hits cost Dbird hit costs 本题题义：空军每年因飞鸟撞击飞机造成的损失达大约八千万美元。考查的是名词作定语。名词作定语必须用单数，故可考虑的答案为A、C。又因一年内鸟击飞机事件多次发生，故选C。六、学习名词，特别要注意的问题31 选：One of the advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get agood .（2001年上海高考题）Asight Bscene Cview Dlook辩析：sight 1.看见 2.视力 3.视野 4.风景scene 1.（事件发生的）现场2.场面 ; 情景3.景色 4.（拍电影）场景，（舞台）布置view 1.眺望2.视野 3.风景，景色。look 1.看 2.神色,表情 looks =appearance外貌本句意为：住在高层建筑顶层的优越之一，是能清楚眺望到一切。故本题答案为C。 近年来高考试卷非常重视对名词的考查，是重点热点之一。2）正确掌握名词前冠词的使用规则选：1. Summer in _ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny.A. /; a B. the, / C. /, / D. the, the2 Most animals have little connection with animals of different kindunless they kill them for food.Athe ；a B不填 ；a Cthe ；the D不填 ；the名词练习1. He is a man of _ and he has_ interesting_ in his life.A. much experience; a lot of; experiences B. many experiences; much; experienceC. many experience; much; experience D. many experiences; a lot of; experience2. Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make _ for our newstudents.A. place B. area C. room D. space3. If you are driving to the airport, can you give me a _?A. hand B. seat C. drive D. lift4. Being able to speak another language fluently is a great _ when you arelooking for a job.A. chance B. importance C. assistant D. advantage5. The _ of building the Great Theater _ only one year.A. job; spent B. work; spent C. position, took D. works, took 46. He had run away from home and gone to _ when he was 16 years old.A. the sea B. a sea C. seas D. sea7. Only one third of the people present at the meeting were _ the newrules.A. in favour of B. in agreement of C. in for D. wit the side of8. Everybody thinks little of the film. In fact, there is no _ of it being triedout in the film festival.A. sign B. use C. possibility D. doubt9. Can your _ with you- money , jewellery, cameras and so on.A. gifts B. suitcase C. bags D. valuables10. Students should be encouraged to finish their homework_.A. of themselves B. of their own C. for their own D. on their own11. When he is angry, his _ stands up on end.A. head B. uniform C. hair D. skin12. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any _ of it.A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. guess13. -Is Mr Smith in? - No, hes asked for _ leave.A. a two weeks B. a two-week C. a two-weeks D. a two weeks14. -_ car crashed into a tree yesterday. They must have been driving toofast.- Every boy and every girl _ to drive that fast.A. Tom and Janes; wish B. Toms and Janes ;wishesC. Tom and Janes ; likes D. Toms and Janes ; want15. _ Mr Wang has! He almost never remembers where he leaves hiskeys.A. What a poor memory B. What poor memoryC. How good a memory D. How poor memory16. The _ change of weather may have some _ his health.A. sudden; caused B. sudden; effect onC. suddenly; bad results to D. suddenly; effect on17. Because prices of food and clothing and almost everything else in that countryhave steadily gone up the buying _ of the dollar has gone down.A. energy B. force C. power D. strength18. _ of English is helpful if you are devoted to _ English literature.A. A good knowledge; study B. A good knowledge ; studyingC. Good knowledge; study D. Good knowledge; studying19. -Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard. 5- Its no _ that he always gets the first place in any examination.A. doubt B. problem C. question D. wonder20. Marys handwriting is better than_ in her class.A. anyone else B. anyone elses C. anyones else D. other students21. It really doesnt make any _ whether to buy a laptop computer or adesktop computer.A. choice B. decision C. difference D. sense22. Many students signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be heldnext week.A. 800-meter-long B. 800-meters-long C. 800 meter length D. 800 meters length23. His behaviour at the party last night seemed rather_. Many of us werequite surprised.A. out of practice B. out of place C. out of politeness D. out of pity24. These football players had no strict _ until they joined our club.A. practice B. education C. training D. exercise25. If it was not an accident, he must have done it _.A. on purpose B. in common C. on occasion D. in time26. We must keep our room clean. Dirt and disease go _.A. from time to time B. hand in hand C. step by step D. one after another27. _ is known to us all, _ feed on grass while horses on grain.A. It , cattle B. This; cattles C. What ; cattles D. As; cattle28. _ everyone can hear the speaker there is no_ in turning up theradio.A. Now that; point B. Even if; point C. Now that, need D. Even if; need29. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could besure of passing it on her first _.A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire30. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ of how life began.A. cause B. problem C. reason D. puzzle31. Jack tried hard to get a gold medal in this Winter Olympic Games but he hadno _.A. luck B. time C. fate D. entrance32. The young man owes his success to many people , his parents _.A. after all B. by chance C. on purpose D. in particular33. I should like to try that coat on, for I dont know if it is my _. 6A. shape B. model C. design D. size34. It is important for us to employ a word or phrase to the _ in languagestudies.A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation35. Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _.A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate36. -Shall we take a walk before dinner?- Oh, yes, _ is my favourite time of a day.A. the early evenings B. in the early eveningC. the early of the evening D. early evening37. Being poor, she had to borrow a new _ so as to attend the party.A. cloth B. clothes C. clothing D. dress38. Popular music is liked by many people, but it is not to everyones _.A. manners B. smell C. taste D. thought39. Such good _ should be made of ones spare time to study anotherforeign language. A. chance B. choice C. decision D. use40. She thought the painting was of little _ , so she let him have it for only$15.A. cost B. important C. price D. value41. There are three _ in our clinic.A. woman doctor B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. women doctors42. I tried every _ to make him give up smoking.A. mean B. ways C. meaning D. means43. _ will conquer nature.A. The man B. Man C. Any man D. The men44. Yesterday I was invited to the dinner at _.A. Turners B. the Turners C. Turners D. the Turners45. Jess went to a _ for some shoes.A. shoes store B. shoe store C. shoes store D. shoes store46. Standing on top of the mountain, youll get a wonderful _.A. joy B. seeing C. view D. nature47. He was chosen _ of the company.A. manager B. a manager C. the manager D. as a manager48. -What can I do for you? - Id like to have a _ of China Daily.A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy49. _it is to listen to music!A. How fun B. How a fun C. What a fun D. What fun750. What the expert has said and done will be _ to the departmentmanagers.A. value B. benefit C. of valuable D. of benefit1-5 ACDDD 6-10 DACDD 11-15 CCBCA 16-20 BCBDB 21-25 CABCA 26-30 BDABA 31-35 ADDAA 36-40 DDCDD 41-45 DDBDB 6-50 CADDD第二章 主谓一致句子的谓语动词和句子的主语应在数方面保持一致。主谓一致的基