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晨练时刻,句型品味,1Man and nature are interactive. Sure, people can live in harmony with nature. 2Technology has both positive and negative effects on natural environment. 3Disappearing forests, drying rivers, polluted soil and worsening climate have punished human beings. 4Preserving nature is not only preserving our home, but the civilization of human community as well.,晨练时刻,句型品味,5.It is found that warmer weather is causing many kinds of wildlife to leave their native environments. 6Many wild animals are in danger of extinction, because the environment they are used to living in has changed greatly. 7People hunt and kill wild animals for many reasons, one of which is for their valuable furs. 8Only if we human beings take some measures can wild animals be protected.,晨练时刻,句型品味,9No hunting is permitted here. 10The new study shows a twenty percent decrease of antelope(羚羊)over the past thirty years.,晨练时刻,典例朗读,“神州七号”的成功发射引起了人们对太空探索话题的激烈争论。请你以“The Advantages and Disadvantages of Space Exploration”为题写一篇英语短文，阐述表格中的两种观点，并简要地谈谈你个人的看法。,晨练时刻,典例朗读,注意： 1短文必须包括所列内容，但不要逐字逐句翻译。 2词数120左右。 _,晨练时刻,典例朗读,One possible version： The Advantages and Disadvantages of Space Exploration There are several advantages of space exploration. First of all, it could provide new places to live in for human beings. And it is likely that new energy sources will be discovered. In addition, space exploration helps people understand the universe better, which benefits research in other fields.,晨练时刻,典例朗读,However, the disadvantages are obvious. Firstly, space exploration costs too much while the money could be spent on other projects. Secondly，the idea of human beings living on other planets seems unrealistic. Whats more, space exploration could be dangerous.,Unit 19 Language 语 言,考纲知识预览,重点单词,1 n. 不存在；缺乏 adj. 缺席的，不在场的；心不在焉的 2 vt. 达到；获得 n. 获得；实现 3 vt. 环绕，围绕 adj. 附近的，周围的 n. 环境；周围的事物 4 adj. 足够的，充分的 adv. 足够地；充分地 n. 足够，胜任,adequately,absence,absent,attain,attainment,surround,surrounding,adequate,adequacy,surroundings,考纲知识预览,5 vt. 确保，保证 (同义词) 6 vt. 调节；调整 n. 调整，校正 adj. 可调节的 7 vt. 告知；通知 n. 通知；消息 8 vt. 祝贺 n. 祝贺 9 adj. 不知不觉的；无意的 adj. (反义词)意识到；注意到 adv. 无意识地,ensure,insure,adjust,adjustment,adjustable,inform,information,congratulate,congratulation,unconscious,conscious,unconsciously,考纲知识预览,10 vt. 像；与相似 n. 类似，相似 11 vt. 谈判；协商 n. 谈判，协商 12 n. 冒犯；得罪 v冒犯 adj. 冒犯的，令人难堪的 13 n. 赞成；赞许 v. 赞同，赞许 adj. 批准的，核准的，认可的 adj. 赞同的，赞许的,resemble,negotiation,negotiate,resemblance,offence,offend,offensive,approval,approve,approved,approving,考纲知识预览,14 n申请人 v. 申请；适用 n. 申请 15 vt.使窘迫 adj. 难堪的，尴尬的,applicant,apply,application,embarrass,embarrassed,考纲知识预览,1 取得成功 2 以的形式出现(存在) 3 学会 4 很久；很长时间 5 由组成 6 不管，不顾 7 如果；条件是,高频短语,get ahead,take the form of,catch on,for ages,consist of,regardless of,provided that,考纲知识预览,8 我肯定 9 与有联系 10 突出；出色；坚持抵抗 11 记住 12 故意地,I bet,be associated with,stand out,keep.in mind,on purpose,考纲知识预览,1 as early as the 1700s English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 早在十八世纪人们就预言英语有朝一日会成为全球性的语言，而这一点在过去的几十年里已得到了应验。,常考句型,It was predicted that,that,考纲知识预览,2This can reading and listening materials which must . 它可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。,take the form of,highest quality,be of the,考纲知识预览,3Quality input ensures quality output， . 无论是口语还是写作，高质量的输入才能保证高质量的输出。 4. you say that there is a discount I pay in advance. 你说如果我提前付款，可以打折。,whether it is speaking or writing,provided that,考纲知识预览,5 in Shakespeares lifetime English began to spread around the world. 正是在莎士比亚时期，英语才开始传播到世界各地。,It was,that,名师一线讲坛,1. absence n 不存在，缺乏；缺席 absent adj. 不在的，缺席的 absence of mind 心不在焉 in the absence of sb.（=in ones absence）某人不在时 in the absence of.因为没有；缺乏 absence of information 缺乏信息 absence from school 缺课 be absent from. 不参加；缺席,名师一线讲坛,Caroline will be in charge of the office during my absence. 我不在的时候，办公室由卡罗琳负责。(朗文P5) We were worried by the absence of definite figures in the report.报告里缺少具体数字，这使我们担心。(朗文P5),名师一线讲坛,In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder. 由于缺乏更确实的证据，警方破不了这宗谋杀案。(朗文P5) How many students are absent from class today? 今天有多少学生缺席？(朗文P5),名师一线讲坛,1Never speak ill of someone_.Its bad manners _. Ain his absence; to do so Bwhen he is absent; doing so Cduring his away; to do so Dwhile he is away; doing so,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,解析：选A。表示“某人不在或缺席”时，用in ones absence或用时间状语从句when/while he is away/absent均可。但后半句的结构只能用不定式作真正的主语，不能用动名词。故两空选择均正确的只有A项。,名师一线讲坛,2. surround vt. 环绕，围绕 surrounding adj. 周围的 surroundings n(pl.) 环境 be surrounded with/by.被环绕/包围 in a surrounding area 在周围地区 be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings 位于优美的环境中,名师一线讲坛,She was sitting on the floor surrounded by books. 她坐在地板上，周围都是书。(朗文P1555) The police surrounded the house. 警察包围了这所房子。(朗文P1556) The lake is surrounded by trees. 湖边树木环绕。 The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings. 那所房子所处的环境非常优美。(朗文P1556),名师一线讲坛,2A child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied_. Aplaces of interest Bsurroundings Csurrounding Dcustoms,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,解析：选B。考查词语辨析。句意：生活在枯燥乏味的环境下的孩子的智力远赶不上生活在丰富多变的环境下的孩子。places of interest 名胜；surroundings 环境；surrounding为形容词，周围的；customs 海关。故B项符合题意。,名师一线讲坛,3When Mr. Brown got off the train, he found himself_by his students. Asurround Bto surround Csurrounding Dsurrounded 解析：选D。考查surround 的非谓语形式。句意：当布朗先生下火车时，他发现自己被学生们包围着。宾语补足语和宾语之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，即D项正确。,名师一线讲坛,3. adequate adj. 足够的；充分的；恰当的；符合要求的；能胜任的 （1）be adequate for sb./sth. 对足够 be adequate to do sth. 足以做 （2）adequacy n.足够；适当；胜任,名师一线讲坛,The space available is not adequate for our needs. 现有的空间不能满足我们的需要。 The adequacy of the security arrangements has been questioned. 有人质疑安全措施是否完备。,名师一线讲坛,adequate，enough，sufficient，ample (1)adequate表示足够的程度比后三者低，表示“刚够；刚好”，有不多不少正合适的意思。 “足够”的程度：,比较网站,名师一线讲坛,(2)它们都可用在名词之前表示数量。例如： We had adequate/enough/sufficient/ample money for the journey.我们有足够的钱去旅行。 另外，如果仅谈论数量，不要用adequate，因为它表示“足够好的；符合要求的；能胜任的”意思 ，以免造成歧义。,名师一线讲坛,These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban. 这些理由不足以证明实施禁令有理。(牛津P1766) There was ample time to get to the airport. 有足够的时间到达机场。 He didnt give an adequate answer to the question. 他没有对这个问题作出满意的答复。(牛津P20),名师一线讲坛,4Considering he is _for the job，we hired him. Aadequate Bsufficient Cabundant Denough,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。adequate 足够的，充分的，符合要求的，可以胜任的；sufficient (数量/质量)令人满意的，适当的，充分的，足够的；abundant 大量的，丰富的；enough 足够的。句意：考虑到他能胜任这项工作，我们雇用了他。根据句意选A。,名师一线讲坛,4. ensure vt. 确保，保证 ensure success/safety 保证成功/安全 ensure sb. sth.确保/保证某人（得到）某物 ensure sb. from/against sth.保护某人免受某物的伤害 ensure that.=make sure that.确保/保证 The book ensured his success. 这本书保证了他的成功。 The book ensured his success. 这本书保证了他的成功。,名师一线讲坛,ensure，assure，guarantee (1)ensure 指确保某种行动或动机的结果一定会发生。 (2)assure 指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定发生。其宾语通常为人，常用结构为“assure sb.of sth.”。 (3)guarantee 强调保证品质、服务和信誉等。,比较网站,名师一线讲坛,We were assured that everything possible was being done. 我们确信是在尽一切努力。(牛津P88) Please ensure(that) all lights are switched off. 请务必将所有的灯都关掉。(牛津P568) He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again. 他向我保证这种事绝不会再发生。(牛津P778),名师一线讲坛,5We should_ourselves against all possible risks. Amake Bbe sure Cprevent Densure 解析：选D。ensure sb. against sth.保护某人免受。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,5. adjust vt. 调节；调整；适应 adjustment n 调节；调整 adjust sth.整理/整顿/安排某物/某事 adjust sth./oneself to sth.使适应新环境等,名师一线讲坛,She will have to adjust herself to new conditions. 她将必须使自己能适应新的环境。 The TV set needs an adjustment. 这台电视机需要调整。,名师一线讲坛,6You cant see through a telescope unless it is correctly_ to your sight. Aadapted Badopted Cadjusted Dadded 解析：选C。四个词极易混淆：adapt表示“使适应”；adopt表示“采用；收养”；add表示“增加”，均不符合语境中的“望远镜被调整好了”。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,6. inform vt. 告知；通知 information n 信息；消息 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 keep sb.informed of sth.让某人知道某事 a piece of information 一则消息,名师一线讲坛,Have you informed the company of your wish to leave it? 你告诉公司你想离开的想法了吗？ Keep me informed of fresh development. 随时告诉我新的发展。 He is a wellinformed man. 他是个消息灵通的人。,名师一线讲坛,7The president promised to keep all the board members _of how the negotiations were going on. Ainformed Binform Cbe informed Dinforming,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,解析：选A。根据句式结构，此空格处应作为all the board members的宾语补足语出现；根据句意，inform与all the board members之间应构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应选择过去分词。,名师一线讲坛,7. resemble vt. 像；与相似 resemble sb./sth.in sth.在某方面与某人/某物相似 【注意】resemble 不可用于被动语态和进行时态。 She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character. 她和她的姐姐外貌相似，性格却不同。 They resemble each other in shape but not in colour. 它们的形状相似，但颜色不同。,名师一线讲坛,be similar to sb. in sth.与某人在某方面相似 be the same as sb. in sth.与某人在某方面一样 have sth. in common with sb./sth.与有共同之处 be/look like 看起来像,思维拓展,名师一线讲坛,8句型转换 Some writers try to resemble Mark Twain in writing style. Some writers try to_Mark Twain in writing style. 答案：be similar to,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,单项填空 I think the result of the exam is_. Please check it up! Its_. I have checked it up many times. Acorrect Bcorrectly Cincorrect Dcorrection 答案：C；A,单词巧记,名师一线讲坛,归纳与比较：inadj.构成反义词,名师一线讲坛,【经典案例】 Some of the houses on the hillside are_to cars. Ainformal Bimpossible Cinconvenient Dinadequate 【解析】 考查词义辨析。C表示“不方便的”；A表示“非正式的”；B表示“不可能的”；D表示“不充分的”。根据句意可知应选C。 【答案】 C,名师一线讲坛,8. catch on 学会；理解；变得流行；挂住 catch on (to sth.)理解；学会 catch hold of抓住 catch up（with sb./sth.）赶上 catch sb. doing sth.发现某人做某事 catch sight of看见 catch ones attention/eye吸引某人,名师一线讲坛,It was a popular style in Britain,but it never really caught on in America. 当时在英国这是时髦式样，但在美国却从来没有真正流行开。（朗文P215） I suddenly caught sight of her in the crowd. 我突然在人群中看见了她。（朗文P215） You walk on and Ill catch up with you later/ Ill catch you up later.你往前走吧，我过一会儿就追上你。（朗文P215）,名师一线讲坛,9.It was a long time before the police what he was really doing. A.caught hold of B.caught on C.caught on to D.caught at 解析：选C。catch on to sth.=understand sth.理解，明白。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,9. stand out 显眼；突出；出色 stand by 袖手旁观 stand by sb./sth. 支持某人/仍然遵守诺言或协议等 stand for 代表；支持；主张 stand up 站起；站得住脚 stand up for 拥护；支持,名师一线讲坛,高效记忆,名师一线讲坛,The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well. 新路标容易辨认，上面的字很醒目。(朗文P1498) She still stands by every word she said. 她依旧恪守她说过的每一句话。(牛津P1714) Always stand up for your friends. 任何时候都要支持自己的朋友。,名师一线讲坛,10In the event he performed so well that he_among so many competitors. Astood for Bstood by Cstood up Dstood out 解析：选D。句意：在比赛中他表现很好，所以在众多竞争者中脱颖而出。根据句意选D。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,10. be associated with. 与相关联 associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交道 associate sb./sth. with 把某人/某物与联系起来 in association with 和一起，与合作,名师一线讲坛,The scientist decided he didnt want to be associated with the project, and left. 这个科学家决定不愿与这个计划有任何瓜葛，因而离开了。(朗文P72) I associate summer with holidays. 我总把夏季与休假联想在一起。(朗文P72) The military regime dealt ruthlessly with anyone who was associated with the former government.,名师一线讲坛,军政府无情地处置任何与前政府有交往的人。(朗文P72) The council is working in association with the police on this. 对于这件事，地方议会正同警方进行协作。(朗文P72),名师一线讲坛,11Many graduates are working on occupations_farming now. Aclose associate with Bclose associated with Cclosely associated with Dclosely associate with,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,解析：选C。考查associate 的非谓语动词形式及close 与closely 的用法区别。句意：目前很多大学毕业生正在从事与农耕紧密相关的职业。首先从are working.可以推断出空格处为非谓语形式，故排除A、D两项。又close作副词用，意为“靠近地(指场所上靠近)”；closely表“紧密地，密切地”，故选C。,名师一线讲坛,11. on purpose 故意地 on purpose=deliberately 故意地 with the purpose of 怀有的目的 for the purpose of 为了的目的 by accident=by chance=accidently 偶然地,名师一线讲坛,I came here on purpose to see you. 我特意来这儿看你。 I wouldnt go shopping for/with the mere purpose of buying a pair of socks. 我不会只为买一双袜子而去购物。 A meeting was called for the purpose of appointing a new treasurer.为任命新司库而召开了一次会议。,名师一线讲坛,12I came here for nothing else but to see you _. Apurpose Bpropose Cto the purpose Don purpose,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,解析：选D。句意：我来不为别的而是专程来看你的。on purpose 相当于purposely特意地，故意地；to the purpose 中肯的，合适的，得要领的；propose提议，求婚。,名师一线讲坛,12.【教材原句】 This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality. 它可以以阅读和听力材料的形式存在，但这些材料必须具有最高的质量。 【句法分析】 of the highest quality属“of抽象名词”结构，常在句中作表语。这样的抽象名词包含两类：,名师一线讲坛,(1)“of抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。 这类名词有value，use，importance，help，interest，benefit，honour，courage，fame，ability，nature，beauty，wealth等。它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。 This question is of importance.This question is important. 这个问题很重要。,名师一线讲坛,Each hour，each minute，each second is of great value for us. Each hour，each minute，each second is very valuable for us. 每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们都很宝贵。 This dictionary is of no help to English beginners. This dictionary is not helpful to English beginners. 这本词典对英语初学者没有帮助。,名师一线讲坛,(2)“of抽象名词”没有相应的形容词形式，为了表明主语的这类特征，我们只能用“be of抽象名词”的形式代替“be形容词”结构。 这类名词包括size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，kind，price，type，shape，way等。注意，这类名词的单复数根据具体的情况而定，也可在其前加冠词。,名师一线讲坛,The products are of firstrate quality. 这些产品的质量是一流的。 Mr.Smith，my teacher，is of the same opinion. Mr.Smith，my teacher，has the same opinion. 史密斯先生，我的老师，也持同样的观点。 Americans are of almost all colours and races. 美国人几乎包括各种肤色及种族。 He was of a poor peasant family. 他出身于贫农家庭。,名师一线讲坛,13The two boys are_. Asame weight and age Bof same weight and age Cthe weight and age Dof the same weight and age 解析：选D。此题考查be ofage/weight 结构，其中same前必须加the。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,14Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London. Aprice Bcost Cvalue Dimportance 解析：选C。此处为“be of抽象名词”句型。句意：你会发现当你在伦敦旅游时这张地图大有用处。A、B两项不合句意，D项为不可数名词，意为“重要性”，value为抽象名词，意为“用处，价值”。,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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