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全面了解从属连词before近几年，高考全国卷及地方卷对从属连词before引导时间状语从句这个知识点考查的频率较高，考查方式主要以单项选择题和完形填空题为主，选项设计干扰性较强，常将连词since、after、when、while等设计成干扰项，以迷惑考生。因此，正确理解从属连词before的基本句型结构及其在不同语言环境下的具体含义对解答该类试题具有重要作用。一、由连词before构成的基本句型It wastook 一段时间 before 主语 did这个句型表示“过了一段时间（之后），才”，其否定式为“It was not/did not take + 一段时间 + before +主语 + did .”,意思是“没过就”。例如：（1）It took a few moments before I realized that he was lying.（过了好一会儿，我才意识到他在撒谎。）（2）It was not long a customer who had seen him arrive hurried in to inform him that his car was covered with bees. A. when B. after C. until D. before本句的句意为：没过多久，先前看到他来的一位顾客急忙来告诉他，他的车上都是蜜蜂。此题考查的是“it was not + 一段时间 + before + 主语 + did . ”这一句型。 一段时间 主语 这个句型表示的意思是“将要过/或许要过（一段时间）之后，才”，其否定形式为“it wont take/wont be/may not be + 一段时间 + before + 主语 + did .”。在此情况下，要注意：在主句表达一般将来时，连词before引导的时间状语从句也表达一般将来时的情况下，before引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，即“主将从现”。例如：（1）Dont worry about me. It will not be long before we meet again.（不要担心我，不久我们又会见面的。）（2）Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when正确答案为C，本题考查的是句型“it may be + 一段时间 + before时间状语从句”，在此句型中，“it may be + 时间段”相当于一般将来时，而before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。（3） How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before本题的正确答案为D。问句是以双重疑问句的形式呈现，此双重疑问句中考查的是“it will be + 一段时间+before .”句型。一段时间 主语 这个句型的意思是“在不知不觉中过了（多长时间），才”。例如：Several weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was missing. A. as B. before C. since D. when 正确答案为B，句意为：在不知不觉中几个星期过去了，我才意识到这画不见了。二、连词before在不同语言环境下的意义及用法表示“在以前” ，引导的时间状语从句大多放置在句中，但有时也可放在句首。例如：（1）I knew nothing about English before I entered this school.（我进这所学校之前，根本不懂英语。）（2）Before I made a decision, I thought carefully about it.（我做出的决定都是经过再三考虑的。）表示“（以后），才”，常用于“主语 / ”结构中。例如：The train(had) left before he got to the station./He didnt get to the station until after the train had left./When he got to the station, the train had already left. (火车开了，他才到达车站。)表示“没来得及就”、“没等就”。例如：（1）He went abroad and worked for half an year but came back before he finished his work because of his illness.（他去年出国工作了半年，因为有病没等结束工作就回国了。）（2）It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before正确答案为D。句意为“没等我们到达温彻斯特小城，天就黑了”。 用于警告或威胁，意思为“趁发生之前”、“以免”。例如：Put that stick down before you hurt someone.（快放下棍子，以免伤着别人。）表示“宁可而不愿”或“宁可决不”（多用于虚拟语气），此时相当于“ ”。例如：Id die before I apologized to them.（我宁死也不向他们道歉。）三、before引导的时间状语从句与其他从句的区分（1）It was evening before we found him.（before引导的时间状语从句）（2）It was evening when we found him.（when引导的时间状语从句）（3）It was an evening when we found him.（when引导的定语从句）（4）It was in the evening that we found him.（强调句型）从上面的句子中，我们可以发现：before引导的时间状语从句与其他时间状语从句、定语从句及强调句型有着质的区别。在实际运用中，要注意具体问题具体分析。高三课本第十五单元，INTER GATING SKILLS 和 WORKBOOK READING部分有如下的句子： The shop was successful，but it was about sixty years before people started to buy jeans for fashion as well as for work. However，it probably will not be long before the other mountainous areas of China such as Sichuan，Xinjiang and Yunnan are developed，and as more facilities become available，prices will almost certainly fall. 其中涉及到before的用法，下面就其用法进行总结。 一、可以用作介词 )指时间上早于，在之前，如： She has lived here since before the war. 她从战前就一直在这儿住。 )指位置在前面，如： We knelt down before Grandmas grave. 我们在奶奶的墓前跪下。 )指顺序或排列在之前，如： Your name comes before mine on the list. 名单上你的名字在我之前。 )在某人面前，如： She said it before the witness. 他是当着证人的面说的。 二、作为连词 其基本含义是“在之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就”、“趁”、“就”等。具体用法如下： )与情态动词can/could连用 这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”，如： Before I could get in a word，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。 Before she could move，she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terribl eroar. 她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。 )用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间，距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才” We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。 We waited a long time before the train arrived. 我们等了很长时间火车才到。 )用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间，距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到就”如： We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。 )主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚就” 这时候主句应用过去完成时态，从句用过去时，还可以用when替代before如： We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang. 我们刚到学校铃声就响了。 )有时还有“宁愿”的意思Id shoot myself before I apologized to him.我宁死也不向他道歉。 )用于It+be/take+时间段+before句型 在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。 若主句是一般时将来时态，从句是一般现在时.若主句是肯定句意思是“要过多长时间才”；若主句是否定形式翻译成“用不了多久就”。 It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal. 两周之后一切才能恢复正常。 It will be many years before the situation improves. 这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。 It wont be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。 这时若主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句翻译成“多长时间之后才”，若主句是否定形式翻译成“没过多久就”。如： It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。 It wasnt long before she became a brave solider. 没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。 After that it still took seven years before they got married. 他们又过了七年才结婚。 注意：当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until有时可以互换。It was an hour before/until the police arrived. 巩固练习 (2004天津)It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester. Athat B.until C.since D.before 2.(2004全国)Several weeks had gone by _ realized the painting was missing. A.as B.before C.since D.when 3.(2005广东)The America Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end. A.after B.before C.when D.then 4.(2005山东)It was some time _ we realized the truth. A.when B.until C.since D.before 5.(2006四川)-Why didnt you tell him about the meeting？ -He rushed out of the classroom _ I could say a word. A.before B.until C.when D.after 6.(2006福建)-How long do you think it will be _ china sends a manned spaceship to the moon？ -Perhaps two or three years. Awhen B.until C.that D.before 参考答案：DBBDAD Before用作连词时，意思是“在之前”。其实，它引导状语从句时，在不同的句式中以及汉英表达习惯的不同，before含有不同的含义和用法。从历年的高考试题可以看出，before是高考考查的热点词汇之一。为了帮助大家掌握，现就对它的用法归纳如下：一、表示“在之后才”。副词“才”在汉语中强调某事发生得晚或慢。如果在含有before从句的复合句中，强调从句动作发生得晚或慢时，就可以应用这种译法。【典型考例】The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end.(2005广东) A. after B. before C. when D. then解析：答案为B。本题考查连词before表示“在之后才”之的用法，根据本句含义“美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利”，可知本题应选B。二、表示“还没来得及就”。目的在于强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已发生。【典型考例】Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? (2006四川卷) He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.A. before B. until C. when D. after解析：答案为A。本题考查连词before表示“还没来得及就”的用法。句意是“我还没来得及说一句话，他就冲出了房间”。三、表示“在之前就”。这时主句与before从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。【典型考例】It was evening_ we reached the little town of Winchester. （2004天津）A. that B. until C. since D. before解析：答案为D。本题考查连词before表示“在之前就”的用法。句意是“我们到达小镇Winchester之前就已经是傍晚时分了”。四、表示“趁”，“等到”，或 “没等就 ”等。【典型考例】He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.（2003北京）A. until B. when C. before D. as解析：答案为C。由made a mistake和转折词but可知本题句意是“他出了差错, 但没等其进一步恶化，他就调整了局势”。故正确答案为C项。五、用于句型“It + will/would be + 时间段 + before.”句型中，表示“要过多久才”，也可用于“It + may be + 时间段 + before.”，表示“也许要过多久才”。其否定形式“It will/would not be +时间段+ before”表示“不久就，过不了多久就”。【典型考例】（1）The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again.（2007安徽卷） A. after B. before C. since D. when（2）How long do you think it will be _China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? （2006福建卷）Perhaps two or three years.A. when B. until C. that D. before（3）It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.( 上海春招2002)A. will not be.will know B. is.will know C. will not be.know D. is.know(4) Scientists say it may be five or six years_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. （2004福建）A. since B. after C. before D. when解析：答案为BDCC。考题（1）(2)before 用于肯定的“It + will be + 时间段 + before.”句型中，表示“要过多久才”。考题（3）before在本题中用于否定句,意为“过不了多久就会”,再由状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时的用法可知C项为正确答案,句意是:要不了多久我们就会知道试验的结果了。考题（4）宾语从句中含有句型“It + may be + 时间段 + before.”，表示“也许要过多久才”，故选择答案C。六、用于句型 “it was +时间段+ before ” 表示 “过了（多长时间）才”。其否定形式“ it was not +时间段+ before ” 意为“不久就”, “没过（多长时间）就”。【典型考例】It was some time _we realized the truth. （2005山东） A. when B. until C. since D. before解析：答案为D。before用于句型“it was +时间段+ before ” 表示 “过了（多长时间）才”。该题题意是“过了一段时间我们才意识到事情的真相”。故正确答案为C项。七、和hardly连用，表示“刚一就”。该结构主句常用过去完成时，当hardly位于句首时，要用倒装语序，例如：I had hardly sat down before the telephone rang.Hardly had I sat down before the telephone rang.我刚一坐下电话就响了“before”的用法种种before在英语中是一个比较常用的虚词，它既可作介词、副词，也可作从属连词用。在近几年的高考试题中常常出现考查其从属连词用法的题目。作为连词，引导时间状语从句，它的用法灵活、译法多变，是高考的一个重要考点。下面我们就对其作介词、连词时的用法加以总结，希望对同学们有帮助。一、介词1. 指时间上早于，在之前如：She has lived here since beforethewar. 她从战前就一直在这儿住。2. 指位置在前面如：We knelt down beforeGrandmasgrave.在奶奶的墓前跪下。3. 指顺序或排列在之前如：Your name comes before mineon thelist.名单上你名字在我之前。4. 在某人面前如：She said it beforethewitness.他是当着证人的面说的。二、副词 “以前、过去、已经”如：You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我。 I have seen that film before. 我以前看过那部电影。三、连词1（指时间）在.以前，这时主句中的动作发生在前，before从句的动作发生在后。 如：Before I go to the cinema, I must finish my homework我必须在去看电影以前做完作业。 Turn the light off before you sleep. (睡前先把灯熄掉。) Think before you speak. (说话之前，应先想清楚。) Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping. They arrived before we expected. 我们没有想到他们来得那么早。I must finish my work before I go home. 我必须把工作做完才回家。 2 表示“（后）才”，此时before从句强调从句动作发生得晚或慢（主句动作延续时间较长）。 如：I thought carefully about it before I made a decision. 我经过再三考虑才决定。 It may be many years before the situation improves. 或许要过很多年这种状况才能得到改善。I shaved before I went to the party. 我刮了脸，然后去参加宴会。 3before与情态动词can/could连用，这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就” “未就”“不等就”、“尚未就”等，强调主句或从句谓语动词表示的动作发生得过早或过快。(有时用于before sb. knowrealizesay) 如：Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 没等我插上话，他就给我量好了尺寸。She left the company before I could have a word with her .He announced the ending of the meeting before I could get in a word. 没等我插上一句话，他就宣布散会了。 Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone. 有人半夜给我电话，但我还未来的及接他就把电话挂了。He had not gone a mile before he felt tired. 还没走一英里路，他就觉得累了。 The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby他还没来得及冲进屋子里去救他孩子，房顶就塌下来了。 They had talked only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinion. 才谈了几分钟就发现他们的意见很不一致。 4. “（宁可而）不愿” ，与其，毋宁.”常与will 或would 连用。比优先”(用于表优先顺序) 。如：Id give up the plan before I turn to him for help. 宁可放弃计划也不向他求助。 Id die before I apologize to them! 我宁死也不愿向他们道歉！True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫宁可杀不可辱。 We will die before we give in. 我们宁死不屈。They would fight to death they surrendered(投降) A. before B. after C. since D. because解析： 答案为A。before引导的从句在与will, would连用时，有“宁愿也不”的含义。before即使是作介词用也有此意义。5. 表示“以免;否则；不然” 如：Wed better finish the work in time before the boss scolds us. 我们最好按时完成工作，免得挨老板骂。 Put that away before it gets broken. 把它收好，以免砸了。 Do it before you forget. 尽早动手，不然忘了。 Go before I call the police. 走吧，否则我叫警察了。I had better go now before it is too late. 我最好现在就走，免得太迟。Pigs will fly before hell be a scientist. 如他当科学家，猪都会飞了。 Get out before I call the police. 滚开,否则我叫警察。6有些句子中的before可译成“趁（着）”。 如：I must write it down before I forget it趁还没忘记，得把它写下来。 They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up. 他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。 7. “It + be + 一段时间 + before从句”中的主句和从句的时态, 一般有两种情况：a. 如果主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时，主句是肯定句，意为“多长时间以后某事即将发生”；主句是否定句 “it will be(not )+时间段+ before.”翻译成“用不了多久就”。 如：It may be many years before we meet again. 大概要过许多年才能再见. It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary. 我们需要很长的时间才能把这部词典编译完. It wont be long before wemeetagain.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。 b. 如主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为“多长时间以后某事才发生”。 “it was +时间段+ before ” 肯定句表示 “过了多久才”如：It was three days before he came back.It was some time before I realized the truth.过很长一段时间我才了解到真相。After that it still took seven years before theygotmarried.又过了七年才结婚。用于否定句型 “ it was not long +时间段+ before ” 意为“不久就.”如：It wasnt long before he married again. 不久他就又结婚了。We didnt wait long before he came back. 我没等多久他就回来了。It was not long before the Swiss rose up and drove the Austrian soliders out of their country不久，瑞士人就举行起义，把奥地利人赶出了他们的家园。 注意：当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until有时可以互换。It was an hour before/until the police arrived. 8. “不要”、“别” ; 主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚就”这时候主句应用过去完成时态，从句用过去时，还可以用when替代before。如：Catch him before he escapes. 抓住他，别让他跑了。Take this computer before you change your mind. 买了这台电脑，不要三心二意。如：We had scarcely reached the school before/when thebellrang.我们刚到学校铃声就响了。 I had hardly sat down before the telephone rang.Hardly had I sat down before the telephone rang. 我刚一坐下电话就响了。Before典型例题解析：1. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer the phone（NMET 2000） Aas Bsince Cuntil Dbefore 分析：as表示时间时，强调主从句动作的连续性；since表示时间时，常用句型“主语have done sthsince主语did宾语”；until表示连续性的含义，若终止性动词同until搭配时，一定要用否定式；before在此表示“还没有（来得及）就”。所以答案为D。 2. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting？ (2006年四川) He rushed out of the room I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after解析： 答案为A。题中before意为“不等就”、“尚未就”、“还没来得及就”，它表示从句的动作尚未来得及发生，主句的动作已发生或完成。全句句意为：“我还没来得及说一句话，他就冲出了房间”。3. They sailed along the Pacific Ocean for two weeks they arrived home. A. since B. when C. before D. after解析： 此题正确答案为C。全句句意为：“他们在太平洋航行了两个星期才回到家。”强调从句动作比主句动作发生晚。4. Its cloudy. Take an umbrella you regret it. A. but B. and C. after D. before解析： and及but表示并列关系，不合语境；after意为“在之后”，不合常识，应是在下雨前带伞；before在此处意为“以免你后悔”。before作此意义的用法的例子不少。5. Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing. (2004全国) A. as B. before C. since D. when 解析： 此题最易错选C或D项，而正确答案为B。用since则时间延续到了现在，在时间上与had gone矛盾；用when则无法强调时间流逝的不知不觉性。又如：Time passed quickly and three months went by before I knew it. 时间飞快地流逝，不知不觉3个月过去了。6. It wont be long you regret what you have done. A. after B. before C. since D. until 解析： It was / will be 时间 before . 表示“过了多久才(强调时间的长)”，在否定句中则表示“没过多久就(强调时间的短)”。 It will be two years before we meet again.我们要过两年才能见面。7. The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end.(2005广东) A. after B. before C. when D. then 解析：答案为B。本题考查连词before表示“在之后才”之的用法，根据本句含义“美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利”，可知本题应选B。8. It was evening_ we reached the little town of Winchester. （2004天津）A. that B. until C. since D. before 解析：答案为D。本题考查连词before表示“在之前就”的用法。句意是“我们到达小镇Winchester之前就已经是傍晚时分了”。 9. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.（2003北京）A. until B. when C. before D. as解析：答案为C。由made a mistake和转折词but可知本题句意是“他出了差错, 但没等其进一步恶化，他就调整了局势”。故正确答案为C项。10. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again.（2007安徽卷） A. after B. before C. since D. when11. How long do you think it will be _China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?解析：答案为BD。两个题before 用于肯定的“It + will be + 时间段 + before.”句型中，表示“要过多久才”。12. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.( 上海春招2002)A. will not be.will know B. is.will know C. will not be.know D. is.know解析：答案为C。before在本题中用于否定句,意为“过不了多久就会”,再由状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时的用法可知C项为正确答案,句意是:要不了多久我们就会知道试验的结果了。13. Scientists say it may be five or six years_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. （2004福建） A. since B. after C. before D. when解析：答案为C。宾语从句中含有句型“It + may be + 时间段 + before.”，表示“也许要过多久才”。（2006福建卷） Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before“before”过关练习及答案1. (2005山东)It was some time _ we realized thetruth.A.when B.until C.since D.before2. (2006福建)-How long do you think it will be_ china sends a manned spaceship to themoon？-Perhaps two or threeyears. A.when B.until C.that D.before3. Why didnt you tell me him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.A. before B. until C. when D. after4. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. before D. as5. Several weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was missing.A. before B. since C. when D. after6. The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end. A. after B. when C. before D. then 7.How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? Perhaps two or three years.A. before B. that C. when D. until8. It was some time _ we realizes the truth. A. since B. when C. before D. then 9. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.A. will not be; will know B. is; will know C. will not be; know D. is; know10. Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. when C. before D. then11. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.A. before B. when C. since D. then12. Time passed quickly and three weeks went by _ we knew it.A. since B. after C. then D. before13. We had to sell vegetables at a low price _ they rotted away.A. when B. before C. then D. since 14. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. （03北京） A. until B. when C. before D. as1- 5 DDACA 610 CACCC 1114 ADBC
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