高考英语短文改错考点总结之缺词考点非常有用.doc

高考英语短文改错考点总结之缺词考点一、缺一介词 有些动词后有时有介词，有时没有介词，可能混淆而缺一介词。如：attend a meeting, 但 attend (to) the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare (for) the exam; join us, 但 join(in) a game. 表语形容词通常具有动词意义，很可能误以为是动词而漏掉介词。如：be afraid (of) nothing, be present (at) the meeting, be sure (about) it。 except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介词词组充当介词宾语，可能会漏掉第 2 个介词。如：He came on foot instead of (by) bike.A big bear ran out from (behind) a tree. hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。类似的还有millions (of), dozens (of), scores (of)二、缺一连词 汉语常用意合法，分句与分句之间往往不用连词，但英语里不行。如：It began to rain, (and) they had to stop the match. (如果中间用分号可不用连词)It was late, (so) we went home. You like sports, (while) Id rather read.He looked for the key, (but) didnt find it. 受汉语影响，并列动词词组之间可能缺一个and。如：She smiled (and) said good-bye to her father. 名词性从句 that分句置于句首或作同位语时不可缺少连词。如： (That) she is beautiful is known to us all.We heard the news (that) our team had won. even 后可能缺少 if 或 though。如：He walks as (if 或 though) he were drunk.三、缺一代词 充当定语从句主语的关系代词不能缺少。如：The accident (that) happened yesterday was very serious. 英语中用来替代前面的“the + 名词”的 that(单数)和 those(复数)，在汉语中往往很可能漏掉。如：The population of China is much larger than (that) of Japan.These shirts are expensive, but (those) which we saw the other day were even more expensive.四、缺一助动词或连系动词 be 表语不是名词时，可能缺少连系动词 be，因为汉语在这种情况下不用“是”。如：He (is) afraid of his father.The match (is) over. 被动语态中缺少助动词 be，成了主动语态。如：He has (been) asked to sing in English. 完成体中缺少助动词 have，成了一般过去时。如：We realized that we (had) lost our way.They (have) lived here since 1980. 在倒装句中缺少助动词或情态动词。如：Hardly (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started. Seldom (do) I get invited into the office alone. Only in this way (can) you learn English well.五、缺一冠词 在 such 或 so + 形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺 a (an)。如：He is such (an) honest boy that all of us like him. This is so good (a) book that I read it again. 表示“有些”时，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：Dont hurry. There is (a) little time left. many 前有 great, good 时，要加 a。如：(a) great many people.若 many 后接单数名词，中间须有 a (an)。如：Many (a) man has tried it before. 一些不可数名词前，有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时，要加 a (an)。如：Its (a) famous Chinese tea. There was (a) heavy rain last night. 用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)的人”时，用 a (an), 如：He wished to be (a) Lei Feng. (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.“形容词比较级 + of the two”前必须用 the。如：He is (the) better one of the two.六、缺小品词 to 不定式充当各种成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：She went there (to) see her mother.He asked me not (to) go there. I have something important (to) tell you. make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等动词变成被动语态时，充当主语补足语的不定式前的 to需还原。如：She was made (to) do heavy work. The blind man was seen (to) cross the street.高考英语考点解析之短文改错名词篇一、考点规律分析短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。二、真题单句归纳(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (waters 改为water，因“水”为物质名词，不可数) (1991全国卷)(2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. (time改为 times，many times 意为“许多次”) (1992全国卷)(3) There are branch library in many villages. (library 改为 libraries，因其前的谓语are为复数) (1994全国卷)(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. (times 改为 time，some time 意为“某时”) (1995全国卷) (5) Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit to an American family. (去掉time，因first 已含有“次”的意思) (1996全国卷)(6) They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. (question 改为 questions，因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语 lots of) (1996全国卷)(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. (subject 改为 subjects，因 a few 后应接复数可数名词) (1997全国卷)(8) and often watch football match on TV together. (match 改为 matches) (1998全国卷)(9) Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (return改为 returns，many happy returns of the day! 为祝贺生日的惯用表达) (2000北京春季卷) (10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. (schoolmate 改为 schoolmates，因校友不只一个，另外根据其后的 all 也可推知) (2001 全国卷)(11) I used to love science class all of them biology, chemistry, geography, physics. (class 改为 classes，指其后提到的所有课程) (2001 北京春季卷)(12) They did not want me to do any work at family. (family 改为 home，因 at home 为固定短语) (2001 全国卷) (13) so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject 改为 subjects，请注意前面的 all) (2001 全国卷)(14) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (picture 改为 pictures，picture 作为可数名词，其前应有限定词，或为复数形式) (2002 全国卷)(15) No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. (program 改为 programs，从句意上看，此处应用复数) (2003 北京春季卷)(16) Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word 改为 words，注意其后的复数动词) (2003 全国卷) (from www. YouTHemE.CN)(17) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”(month 改为 months，因 several 后要用可数名词的复数形式) (2004 江苏卷) (18) but after class we become stranger at once.(stranger改为strangers，由本行前面的we可知应该用名词复数) (2004 全国卷) (19) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. (minute改为minutes，因为a few后面的名词一定是复数) (2004 广西卷)(20) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby(age改为ages，因谈到不止一个人的年龄，age用复数；of all ages指各个年龄阶段的人 (2004 浙江卷)(21) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when (homeworks改为homework，因它是不可数名词，没有复数形式) (2004 福建卷) (22) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改为knowledge，因 knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式) (2004 湖北卷)三、模拟单句演练(1) Women live longer than men in most country.(2) The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.(3) Its said that all the ticket have been sold out.(4) The children spend a lot of times watching TV.(5) I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.(6) The flower in the park were all pleasing. (7) As the day went by, she became less anxious. (8) Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.(9) Its one of the most interesting book that Ive ever read. (10) He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.(11) Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear.(12) He hasnt lived here long, but he has a great many friend here.(13) I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there.(14) Hes getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.(15) Theres a papers factory near our school.参考答案： (1) country 改为 countries，因其前的most 意为“大多数”。(2) time 改为 times，many times 意为“许多次”。(3) ticket 改为 tickets，因它是可数名词，且受 all the 的修饰。(4) times 改为 time，因 time 表示“时间”时不可数。(5) peoples 改为 people，因 people 表示“人们”，本身是复数，其后不能再加词尾-s。（注：复数的peoples 表示不同的民族）(6) flower 改为 flowers，因为其后的谓语为复数。(7) day 改为 days，句意为“随着时间的推移，她变得不那么焦急了”，此处的 day 应用复数。(8) computer 改为 computers，根据句意和其后的谓语 are，可知 computer 要用复数。(9) book 改为 books，因 one of 后表示范围的名词要用复数。(10) 去掉 time，his first visit 即为他第一次访问，其中已包含“次”的概念。(11) tear 改为 tears，因 tear 为可数名词，不要误认为它是不可数名词。(12) friend 改为 friends，因a great many 后要接复数名词。(13) family 改为 home，leave for home 意为“动身回家”。(14) furnitures 改为 furniutre，因它是不可数名词。(15) papers 改为 paper，表示“纸厂”、“纸花”、“纸飞机”等，直接用 paper 作定语。高考英语短文改错题的常考重点1. 动词的非谓语形式非谓语动词的不定式和分词形式是历年高考短文改错题的考查重点。【考例】Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as (全国卷)【分析】talktalking。enjoy 后一般接动词的 -ing 形式作宾语。2. 名词的单复数变化【考例】Sometimes, we talk to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at (全国卷) 【分析】strangerstrangers。stranger意为“陌生人”，为单数可数名词，根据句意可知这里应用其复数形式。【考例】Their word were a great encouragement to me. (全国卷)wordwords。根据句子的谓语动词为复数形式 were 可知主语应用复数。3. 代词的各种变化【考例】We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. (天津卷)【分析】usourselves。ourselves 意为“我们自己”，符合句意。4. 形容词各种用法【考例】hobby which is both interested and fun. (浙江卷) 【分析】interestedinteresting。interested 意为“感兴趣的”，interesting 意为“令人感兴趣的”，由此可知应用 interesting。5. 词性的变化【考例】I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (全国卷) 【分析】quietlyquiet。在此 quiet 和 shy 是并列成分，同作宾语补足语。6. 介词与动词、形容词等构成搭配【考例】We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. (福建卷)【分析】onin。have a lot in common 意为“有许多共同之处”，是英语中的习惯用法。【考例】the teacher was handing in the tests. I was feeling very nervous. (湖南卷)【分析】inout。hand in 意为“上交”，而 hand out 意为“分发”。根据句意可知，此处应用 hand out。7. 冠词的基本用法由于汉语中没有与英语冠词相对应的词语，学生往往会忽略冠词。【考例】I had not studied at all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test. (湖南卷) 【分析】在 easy test 前加 an。test 为单数可数名词，根据句意和 easy 的读音以元音开头可知应加上不定冠词 an。8. 英语中的一致性现象包括主谓一致、代词一致、时态一致等。【考例】growing up. I am always young when I was staying (湖北卷)【分析】wasam。根据主句谓语动词的时态可知，从句的谓语动词也应用现在进行时。9. 英语中的并列现象在表达并列现象时，一般要用相同的语法结构。并列结构常用 and 或 or 连接。【考例】Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer (湖南卷) 【分析】openingopened。opened 与 put, started 一起构成并列谓语。10. 句意逻辑关系【考例】I had to look up the word many times, for which was quite troublesome. (重庆卷)【分析】去掉 for。这里主要考查非限制性定语从句，which 在此指代前面提到的 the word。11. 句与句之间的并列或从属关系【考例】Clever as she is, but she works very hard. We have a (福建卷)【分析】去掉 but。Clever as she is=Although she is clever，所以此处要去掉并列连词 but。高考英语短文改错多词考点总结一、多一介词或副词 有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词，在英语中是及物动词，可能多一个介词。如：serve for the people, follow after him, play with her in a match, marry with her, engage with her 有些动词可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，但搭配不同，可能混淆而多一个介词。如：join in the game, 但 join in the club; pay for a TV set, 但 pay for three dollars; search for the map, 但 search for the thief for his watch 有些“动词 + 介词”形式的动词后面没有宾语时，后面的介词是多余的。如：He looked at but could see nothing.How are you getting on with? 有些动词、名词、形容词后接名词或代词时须加一个介词，但接that从句时，必须去掉介词。如：agree to it, 但 agree to that.; be sure of it, 但be sure of that; be sorry for it, 但 be sorry for that 有些副词或介词词组后加一个介词，组成了复合介词，若后面没有接宾语时，最后的介词则是多余的。如：If you wont go, Ill go instead of.He walked out of. 有些连词后加 of 成为复合介词，如果后接从句，of 是多余的。如：Because of he was ill 地点副词的意义中已经包含了介词 to，如果再用 to则是多余的。如：on my way to there, get to home, go to upstairs, return to home last year, next month, this week, one day等名词词组直接充当时间状语，前面用介词是多余的。 有些动词受汉语意思影响而多一副词，如：stop down(停下来), raise up (举起来), return back(归来，回来), repeat again (复述) 有些动词在一种用法中要加副词，而在另一种用法中加副词则是多余的。如：build up our country, 但 build up railways二、多一连词 状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词，如：though but; because so; the more and the more 充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。如：Sitting down and he began to work.Regarded as the best in the class, so he was praised at the meeting. 从属连词后多一 that。如：because that since that, unless that 复合宾语前多一 that。如：I heard that him say it.I found that her lying on the ground.三、多一代词 主语与谓语之间多一关系代词。如：Some people dont like football, but many people who do like it. 作定语的分词前多一关系代词。如：I know the boy who standing there.(也可在 who 后加 is)The man who invited to the ball last night is my friend.(也可在 who 后加was) 定语从句中的名词已由关系代词取代，再用代词则是多余的。如：She bought the book (that) she had first asked for it.I have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of her. 用不定式作定语时，如果其逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是被修饰的名词词组，后面再用代词是多余的。如：The tea is too hot to drink it.He is a good comrade to work with him. 在“形容词 + 不定式”句型中，如果不定式的逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是句子的主语，再用代词作宾语或介词宾语则是多余的。如：This question is too difficult to answer it. The house is nice to live in it. (from www.YouTHemE.CN) 在“连词 + 分词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词词组”结构中，加上代词作主语是多余的。如：He took notes while he reading.If it heated, ice turns to water.四、多一助动词 时间、条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时，用 will, would 是多余的。如：If he will try hard, he will succeed.Ill tell them about it as soon as they will come. be sure 或 make sure + that 从句中用一般现在时表将来，用 will, would 是多余的。如：I make sure that you will come early. 在宾语从句中主语前的助动词是多余的。如：Would you tell me what do you want? 独立结构中的 be(助动词或连系动词)是多余的。如：The game was over, he went home.She smiled, tears were still running down her face.五、多一冠词 与介词 at, in, to连用的名词 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, bed 等表示与其有关的活动时，用冠词是多余的。如：go to the school(上学), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡觉) 与 by 连用的交通工具名称和 air, land, sea 等名词前用冠词是多余的。如：by the bike, by the sea, by the train 表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如：play the / a volleyball, play the chess, play the table tennis 由“专有名词 + 普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如：the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the Hyde Park 在一些固定搭配中。如：at the first, at the last, the most of us most 作“非常”解时，前面用 the 是多余的。如：Oh! Its the most beautiful! She is the most diligent. 含有 Day 的节日前加 the 是多余的。如：the May Day, the Womens Day, the National day, the New Years Day 在“名词 + as / though”结构中，名词前不用任何冠词。如：a child as he is / a fool as he is六、多一小品词 to 在 had better, would rather, rather than 后的不定式前用 to 是多余的。如：You had better not to go.I would rather to stay at home. 在 make, let, have, see, feel, watch, notice, observe 等使役、感官动词后充当宾语补足语的不定式前用 to 是多余的。如：He made me to do heavy work. Let me to hear you to play.