高考英语试题分类汇编-改错、翻译及阅读表达(完整解析版).doc

2015年高考英语试题分类汇编之改错、翻译及阅读表达 (完整解析版)1.【2015年全国新课标卷】第一节 短文改错（共10 小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：把缺词处加一个漏符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.【答案】When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now 1.thoughtI am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the 2.the 3.andmountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environ- 4.withment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has 5.beenalready become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and 6.serious 7.air dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environ-8.Many 9.find 10.our/thement. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.1. thinkthought【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我认为在在那儿很快乐。时态用法错误。前后句都是一般过去时，应保持时态一致。2. incountrysidethe【解析】考查冠词。句意：但是我想念农村的家乡。这里countryside是特指，故用定冠词the。3. orand【解析】考查连词。句意：那里山绿并且空气新鲜。连词用法错误。前后句为并列关系，故用连词and。4. onwith【解析】考查介词。句意：随着工业化的发展。短语搭配错误。短语with the development of随着的发展。5. been删掉【解析】考查语态。句意：许多研究表明。主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。6. seriouslyserious【解析】考查形容词。句意：全球变暖已经成为严重的问题。词性用法错误。修饰名词，前面用形容词修饰。7. airsair 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词air为不可数名词。83. muchmany【解析】考查形容词。句意：许多罕见的动物已经消失。名词animal为可数名词，故用many修饰。84. foundfind【解析】考查动词。句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。动词用法错误。情态动词must后接动词原形。85. yourour【解析】考查代词。句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。代词用法错误。这里应当是保护我们的环境。2.【2015年全国新课标卷II】第一节 短文改错（共10 小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：把缺词处加一个漏符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw parents.Mom said,” How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.【答案】One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. 1.parentsTony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into 2.in 3.verythe shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his 4.looking 5.thatparents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and 6.begantelling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony sawparents.Mom said,” 7.told 8.the 9.hisHow nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this 10.terriblywould never happen again.1. parentparents【解析】考查名词。看下文可知，是父母两个，所以用parents。2. onin【解析】考查介词。Tony走进商店，说明玩具在橱窗里面，用in。3. 去掉very【解析】考查固定搭配。这里是“如此喜欢以至于”的意思，应该是：like so much that.4. lookslooking【解析】考查非谓语动词。after之后跟从句或v-ing形式，故looks改为looking 。5. wherethat【解析】考查宾语从句。found后面的宾语从句是陈述句，故where改that或去掉where。6. begunbegan【解析】考查动词时态。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，故begun改为began。7. tellingtold【解析】考查动词时态。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致，see和tell是并列谓语，故telling改为told。8. athe【解析】参考冠词。由上文可知，此处shop是第二次出现，应用定冠词，故a改为the。9. saw后加his【解析】考查代词。由上下文可知，他看到的是他的父母，故 saw后加his。10. terribleterribly【解析】考查副词。修饰形容词worried要用副词，故 terrible改为terribly。3.【2015年天津卷】第一节：阅读表达 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community. On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy. “Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isnt having it made; its getting it made.” “The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still cant figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. Its the journey, not the arrival, that counts.” The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.56. What was the authors grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)57. What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)58. What is the grandfathers view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)60. Do you agree with the grandfathers view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)【答案】56. He was a postman. Or: He worked in a post-office.57. He advised him to slow down (and take things easy). / He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down.58. The process is more important than the result.Or: A man should not slow down however old he is.Or: Life isnt having it made; its getting it made. / Its the journey, not the arrival that counts.59. My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things. Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.60. Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is. Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful. No. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age. Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了一位年事已高的退休邮递员始终保持积极的生活态度，在生活的道路上永不停歇的励志故事。文章具有一定的可读性，但需要对信息理解并进行分析归纳的试题增多，难度略有提高。60. Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into Braille as a volunteer.【解析】Low是一个善良的人，她帮助盲人读书。所以回答Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into Braille as a 56. He was a postman. 0r：He worked in a post-office.【解析】考查细节理解能力。根据文章第一段的描述，尤其是“he retired from the post office(他从邮局退休)”，可以断定他的职业是邮递员。57. He advised him to slow down(and take things easy)./He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down.【解析】考查细节理解能力。文章第二段中：“Then I suggested it was time for him to slow downhe should learn to take things easy.(我建议他做任何事情都悠着点儿应该学会放轻松。)”直接点明答案。58. The process is more important than the result. Or: A man should not slow down however old he is. Or：Life isnt having it made; its getting it made. /Its the journey, not the arrival，that counts.【解析】考查主旨概括能力。本题询问的是爷爷对待生活的态度，答案应聚焦于爷爷的回信，从回信中剔除叙事性语句，找出能概括表明爷爷态度的话即可。59. My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things. 0r: The grandfather is still living an active life. 0r: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.【解析】考查句意理解能力。划线句寓意深刻。my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing从字面意义上看是“爷爷仍然在攀登的路上”，深层意义为：96岁高龄的爷爷退休后仍保持积极的生活态度，做些力所能及的事。答案只要能表现出以上内容且表述正确即可。60. Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is. Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful. No. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age. 0r: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.【解析】考查主观观点表达。本题为开放性试题，答案是肯定还是否定都可以，关键是要给出合理的理由，并且语言表达要正确。4.【2015年上海卷】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in childrens development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youths psycho-social development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills(运动技能); these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Ct (2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someones backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to _.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at _.【答案】78. Improved physical health and psychosocial development.79. participate in sports during adulthood80. They change rules to suit their needs and their environment.81. improving performance文章大意：这是一篇说明文，讲述青年运动有可能在孩子的发展中完成三个重要目标。强身健体、心理发展和运动技能。78. Improved physical health and psychosocial development.【解析】根据文章第一段：First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youths psycho-social development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control.首先，运动项目能为年轻人提供机会锻炼，从而促使改善身体健康。第二，青年运动项目一直被认为是重要的青少年的心理发展，提供机会学习重要的生活技能，如合作、纪律、领导和自控。对此内容进行高度概括，可知答案是改善身体和心理发展。79. participate in sports during adulthood【解析】根据“Research from Telama （2006） states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth （ages nine to eighteen）increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Telama(2006) 的研究指出，在儿童和青少年(年龄在9到18)时，定期参与故意玩或刻意练习活动，不管是男性还是女性，在成年时增加参与运动的可能性六达倍多。”缩短答案字数为participate in sports during adulthood在成年参加体育运动。80. They change rules to suit their needs and their environment.【解析】They change rules to suit their needs and their environment 根据“For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment例如,孩子可能会改变足球和篮球规则以适应他们的需求和环境”，可以知道答案是They change rules to suit their needs and their environment他们改变规则以适应他们的需求和他们的环境。81. improving performance【解析】根据文章末句“Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.虽然演习中使用可用的最有效手段也许不是最有趣的练习，但它们可能是最相关的改善表现。”可知答案是improving performance改善表现。I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。 (visit)2. 街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。 (bring)3. 在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。 (apology)4. 这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。 (what)5. 申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面，准确地了解。 (in order that)【答案】1. Delicious food is one of the pleasures for people to visit Shanghai.2. Street artists have brought brilliant colours to old neighbourhoods with their creativity.3. If there is someone is your life to whom you need to say sorry, go ahead and make an apology.4. What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life.5. The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities.1. 1. Delicious food is one of the pleasures for people to visit Shanghai.【解析】本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选pleasure。另一个是题目中给的isit，需谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。2. Street artists have brought brilliant colours to old neighbourhoods with their creativity.【解析】本句重点是如何表达明亮的色彩，可使用bright and vivid colours。3. If there is someone is your life to whom you need to say sorry, go ahead and make an apology.【解析】本句考察there be+定语从句，从而构成条件状语从句。此外，还考查了“道歉”make an apology to sb.。4. What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life. 【解析】本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。5. The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities.【解析】本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，haveknowledge/ understanding of，overall，accurate等。5.【2015年安徽卷】第一节 任务型读写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Put a group of strangers in a room together, and theyll probably start a conversation. Hot today, isnt it? one might say. You said it. another replies.Why do we talk so much about the weather? When we meet new people, we dont begin by telling them our life story. We start with small talk, a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather.Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel comfortable, and so do they. We use small talk to find common interests. Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.Small talk even helps people get hired. In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the interviewer right away. Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.So, how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job? First off, find common ground. Select something around you that you share with the other person.Next, keep the conversation going. Compliment(赞美) the other person to make him or her feel comfortable, and ask questions to show interest.Third, keep eye contact(接触). When you look people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are saying. It makes you appear honest and builds trust.Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Talking to someone you dont know is not the easiest thing to do! Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get easier.Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather. For them, they are just too small. However, when you think about it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!TitleSmall Talk: A Big (76)_IntroductionWe are likely to make small talk when we (77)_ meet people.(78)_Small talk can help people form (79)_ friendships. Small talk can also help people Ret a (80)_.AdviceFind some topics (81)_ with the other person.Keep the talk going by making compliments and (82)_ questions. Keep eye contact in conversation to build (83)_.(84)_ more in order to make small talk easier.ConclusionSmall talk really (85)_ a lot to us.【答案】76. Deal77. first78. Advantages/Benefits79. new80. job/position/post81. shared82. asking/raising83. trust84. Practice/Practise85. matters/means文章大意：文章主要讲简短对话的重要性。素不相识的人通常以讨论交通状况或天气来开始他们的交谈。76. Deal【解析】根据最后一段it is actually a very big deal可知，事实上，简短对话很重要，a big deal是固定搭配。77. first【解析】根据第一段Put a group of strangers in a room together可知陌生人见面可能会开始简短的聊天，即他们是首次见面。78. Advantages/Benefits【解析】根据第三段可知，简短对话能帮人们建立友谊，帮人们找到工作，说明此处讲的是好处或优点。79. new【解析】根据第三段第一句Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships可知答案。80. job/position/post【解析】根据第四段Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job可知答案。81. shared【解析】根据第五段Select something around you that you share with the other person可知答案，这里用过去分词作后置定语。82. asking/rasing【解析】根据第六段and ask questions to show interest可知，通过提问问题来表示自己感兴趣，by后跟动名词。83. trust【解析】根据第七段It makes you appear honest and builds trust可知，眼神接触能使人显得真诚，并建立信任。84. Practice/Practise【解析】根据倒数第二段Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get easier可知，简短对话经过多加练习之后就会变得容易。85. matters/means【解析】根据