医学英语病理学pathology.doc

病理学 pathology 器官病理学 organ pathology细胞病理学 cellular pathology超微病理学 ultrastructural pathology分子病理学 molecular pathology分子免疫学 molecular immunology分子遗传学 molecular genetics细胞核 nucleus活组织检查 biopsy核浓缩 karyopyknosis核碎裂 karyorrhexis核溶解 karyolysis核仁 nucleolus自噬体 autophagosome粘附分子 adhesion molecule 髓鞘样结构 myelin figure地衣红 orcein线粒体 mitochondrion高尔基体 Golgi apparatus溶酶体 lysosome吞噬溶酶体 phagolysosome过氧化物酶体 peroxisome肌动蛋白 actin玻璃样小体 Mallory 小体肥大 hypertrophy增生 hyperplasia萎缩 atrophy化生 metaplasia变性 degeneration细胞水变性 hydropic degeneration脂肪变性 fatty degeneration玻璃样变性 hyaline degeneration纤维素样变性 fibrinoid degeneration粘液样变性 mucous degeneration 淀粉样变性 amyloid degeneration骨化性肌炎 myositis ossificans脂质小体 liposome 粘液水肿 myxedema含铁血黄素 hemosiderin铁蛋白 ferritin胆红素 bilirubin高胆红素血症 hyperbilirubinemia脂褐素 lipofuscin黑色素 melanin坏死 necrosis渐进性坏死 necrobiosis凝固性坏死 coagulation necrosis干酪样坏死 caseous necrosis ,caseation液化性坏死 liquefaction坏疽 gangrene凋落 apoptosis机化 organization包裹 encapsulation 钙化 calcification 损伤的修复修复repair 再生regeneration不稳定细胞 libile cells稳定细胞 stable cells永久细胞 permanent cells 癌基因 oncogene细胞分裂周期基因 cell division cycle gene 细胞生长因子 cell growth factors抑素 chalone 表皮生长因子 epidermal growth factor, EGF血小板源性生长因子 platelet derived growth factor, PDGF纤维母细胞生长因子 fibroblast growth factor ,FGF 转化生长因子 transforming growth factor肉芽组织 granulation tissue 胶原纤维 collagenous fiber 纤维粘连蛋白fibronectin 层粘连蛋白 laminin氨基多糖 glycosaminoglycan蛋白多糖 proteoglycan瘢痕组织 scar tissue 创伤愈合 wound healing肉芽组织 exuberant granulation一期愈合 healing by first intention 痂下愈合 healing under scab局部血液循环及体液循环障碍充血 hyperemia 动脉性充血 arterial hyperemia静脉性充血 venous hyperemia淤血 congestion 槟榔肝areca seed liver 海蛇头 caput medusae出血 hemorrhage血肿 hematoma淤点 petechia淤斑 ecchymosis血栓 thrombus白色血栓 pale thrombus延续性血栓 propagating thrombus透明血栓 hyaline thrombus再通 recanalization静脉石 phlebolith 栓塞 embolism 栓子 embolus血栓栓塞 thromboembolism 羊水栓塞 amniotic fluid embolism 缺血 ischemia梗死 infarct 贫血性梗死 anemic infarct 出血性梗死 hemorrhagic infarct 败血性梗死 septic infarct 水肿edema 积水 hydrops 全身性水肿 anasarca腹水 ascites胸腔积水 hydrothorax心包积水 hydropericardium免疫病理免疫损伤 immune injury变态反应 allergic reaction超敏反应 hypersensitivity1型变态反应，过敏反应 anaphylaxis 速发型超敏反应 immediate hypersensitivity趋化因子 chemotactic factor,CF白细胞三烯 leucotriene前列腺素 prostaglandins ,PG血小板激活因子 platelet activating factor ,PAF补体介导的细胞毒反应 complement mediated cytotoxicity ,CMC依赖抗体介导的细胞毒反应antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity,ADCC重症肌无力 myasthenia gravis3型变态反应，免疫复合物介导的超敏反应 immune complex mediated hypersensitivity血清病 serum sickness淋巴因子 lymphokines 内分泌endocrine淋巴毒因子 lymphotoxin排异反应 transplant rejection人类白细胞抗原 human leucocyte antigen移植物抗宿主反应 graft versus host reaction,GVH 自身免疫病 autoimmune diseases系统性红斑狼疮 systemic lupus erythematosus免疫缺陷病 immunodeficiency diseases胸腺素 thymosin腺苷脱氨酶 adenosine deaminase 获得性免疫缺陷病 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS炎 症炎症inflammation变质 alteration渗出 exudation增生 proliferation炎症渗出液 exudate漏出液 transudate水肿 edema积液 hydrops趋化作用 chemotaxis吞噬作用 phagocytosis白细胞三烯 leukotriene , LT花生四烯酸 arachidonic acid缓激肽 bradykinin浆液性炎 serous inflammation 卡他 catarrh纤维素性炎 fibrinous inflammation 机化 organization化脓性炎症 suppurative ( purulent ) inflammation 积脓 empyema蜂窝织炎 phlegmonous inflammation 脓肿 abscess溃疡 ulcer窦道 sinus瘘管 fistula出血性炎症 hemorrhagic inflammation 菌血症 bacteremia毒血症 toxemia 败血症 septicemia脓毒败血症 pyemia慢性肉芽肿性炎症 chronic granulomatous inflammation 类上皮细胞 epithelioid 多核巨细胞 multinucleated cell 炎性息肉 inflammatory polyp炎性假瘤 inflammatory pseudotumor 肿 瘤 肿瘤 tumor ,neoplasm原位癌 carcinoma in situ转移 metastasis分级 grading分期 staging副肿瘤综合征 paraneoplastic syndrome腺瘤adenoma癌 carcinoma肉瘤 sarcoma乳头状瘤 papilloma囊腺瘤 cystadenoma纤维腺瘤 fibroadenoma 多形性腺瘤 pleomorphic息肉状腺瘤 polypous adenoma鳞状细胞癌 squamous cell carcinoma基底细胞癌 basal cell carcinoma移行细胞癌 transitional cell carcinoma腺癌 adenocarcinoma粘液癌mucoid carcinoma实性癌 solid carcinoma髓样癌 medullary carcinoma非典型增生 atypical hyperplasia纤维瘤 fibroma 脂肪瘤 lipoma血管瘤 hemangioma淋巴管瘤 lymphangioma平滑肌瘤 leiomyoma骨瘤 osteoma软骨瘤 chondroma纤维肉瘤 fibrosarcoma恶性纤维组织细胞瘤 malignant fibrous histiocytoma 脂肪肉瘤 liposarcoma横纹肌肉瘤 rhabdomyosarcoma平滑肌肉瘤 leiomyosarcoma血管肉瘤 hemangiosarcoma骨肉瘤 osteosarcoma软骨肉瘤 chondrosarcoma皮肤黑痣 pigmented黑色素瘤 melanoma畸胎瘤 teratoma肾胚胎瘤 embryonic tumor of kidney癌肉瘤 carcinosarcoma 心血管疾病动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis动脉硬化arteriosclerosis高脂血症 hyperlipemia高胰岛素血症 hyperinsulinemia脂纹 fatty streak纤维斑块 fibrous plaque粥样斑快 atheromatous plaque动脉瘤 aneurysm夹层动脉瘤 dissecting aneurysm 原发性高血压 primary hypertension继发性高血压 secondary hypertension良性高血压 benign hypertension细动脉硬化 arteriolosclerosis向心性肥大 concentric hypertrophy离心性肥大 eccentric hypertrophy高血压脑病 hypertensive encephalopathy微动脉瘤 microaneurysm恶性高血压 malignant hypertension风湿病 rheumatism 结缔组织病 connective tissue disease风湿热 rheumatic fever 风湿性心内膜炎 rheumatic endocarditis风湿性心肌炎 rheumatic myocarditis 风湿性心包炎 rheumatic pericarditis绞窄性心包炎 constrictive pericarditis风湿性关节炎 rheumatic arthritis风湿性动脉炎 rheumatic arteritis 亚急性感染性心内膜炎 subacute infective endocarditis二尖瓣狭窄 mitral stenosis二尖瓣关闭不全 mitral insufficiency主动脉瓣关闭不全 aortic insufficiency主动脉瓣狭窄 aortic stenosis冠状动脉性心脏病 coronary heart disease 心绞痛 angina pectoris稳定性心绞痛 stable angina pectoris不稳定心绞痛 instable angina pectoris变异性心绞痛 variant angina pectoris心肌梗死 myocardial infarction心内膜下心肌梗死 subendocardial myocardial infarction室壁瘤 ventricular aneurysm 扩张性心肌病 dilated cardiomyopathy肥厚性心肌病hypertrophic cardiomyopathy限制性心肌病 restrictive cardiomyopathy先天性心脏病 congenital heart disease 呼吸系统疾病鼻炎rhinitis鼻窦炎 sinusitis咽炎 pharyngitis扁桃体炎 tonsillitis鼻咽癌 nasopharyngeal carcinoma喉炎 laryngitis急性气管支气管炎 acute tracheo-bronchitis支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma支气管扩张 bronchiectasis慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases ,COPD肺气肿 pulmonary emphysema 大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia支原体肺炎 mycoplasmal pneumonia 尘肺 pneumoconiosis矽肺 silicosis特发性肺间质纤维化 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ,IPF肺不张 atelectasis 支气管肺癌 bronchogenic carcinoma 消化系统疾病食管狭窄 stenosis of esophagus喷门弛缓不能 cardiac achalasia食管扩张 dilatation of esophagus憩室 diverticulum反流性食管炎 regurgitant esophagitis 食管粘膜白斑 leukoplakia esophagi食管癌 carcinoma of esophagus急性胃炎 acute gastritis急性卡他样胃炎 acute catarrhal gastritis腐蚀性胃炎corrosive gastritis急性蜂窝织炎性胃炎 acute phlegmonous gastritis急性出血性胃炎 acute hemorrhagic gastritis慢性胃炎 chronic gastritis慢性浅表性胃炎 chronic superficial gastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎chronic atrophic gastritis消化性溃疡 peptic ulcer应激性溃疡 stress ulcer幽门螺旋菌 helicobacter pylori胃泌素瘤 gastrinoma糜烂 erosion 早期胃癌 early gastric carcinoma隆起型 protruded type表浅型 superficial type 表浅隆起型 superficial elevated type表浅平坦型superficial flat type表浅凹陷型superficial depressed type凹陷型 excavated type进展期胃癌 advanced gastric carcinoma息肉或蕈伞（菜花）型 polypoid or fungating（菜花） type溃疡型 ulcerative type 浸润型 infiltrating type 腺癌 adenocarcinoma 髓样癌 medullary carcinoma 硬癌 scirrhous carcinoma 黏液癌 mucoid carcinoma重度不典型增生 severe atypical hyperplasia阑尾炎 appendicitis急性坏死出血性肠炎 acute hemorrhagic enteritis局限性肠炎 regional enteritis慢性溃疡性结肠炎 chronic ulcerative colitis菌群失调性伪膜性肠炎 antibiotic associated enteritis缺血性肠炎 ischemic bowel disease吸收不良综合征 malabsorption syndrome肠梗阻 intestinal obstruction 麻痹性肠梗阻 paralytic ileus痉挛性肠梗阻 spastic ileus先天性巨结肠 congenital megacolon先天性憩室congenital diverticulum 息肉 polyp 腺瘤样息肉 adenomatous polyp 乳头样腺瘤 papillary adenoma 结肠多发息肉病 polyposis coli 增生性息肉 hyperplastic polyp炎性息肉 inflammatory polyp大肠癌 carcinoma of large intestine癌胚抗原 carcino-embryonic antigen ,CEA含铁血黄素沉积症 hemosiderosis糖原沉积症 glycogenosis类脂质沉积症 lipoidosis肝豆状核变性 hepatolenticular degeneration 病毒性肝炎 viral hepatitis 甲肝病毒Enterovirus（肠病毒）乙肝病毒 Hepadnavirus丙肝病毒 Flavivirus黄病毒属(B群黄病毒)嗜酸性小体 acidophilic body肝肾综合怔 hepatorenal syndrome酒精性肝病 alcoholic liver disease酒精性肝炎 alcoholic hepatitis 酒精性肝硬变 alcoholic cirrhosis肝硬变 liver cirrhosis门脉性肝硬变 portal cirrhosis 坏死后性肝硬变 postnecrotic cirrhosis胆汁性肝硬变 biliary cirrhosis脾肿大 splenomegaly 肝脓肿 liver abscess胆石症 cholelithiasis胆管炎 cholangitis胆囊炎 cholecystitis原发性肝癌 primary carcinoma of liver 胰腺炎 pancreatitis急性出血坏死性胰腺炎 acute hemorrhagic necrosis pancreatitis胰腺癌 carcinoma of pancreas造血系统疾病恶性淋巴瘤 malignant lymphoma 何杰金病 Hodgkin disease ,HD 陷窝细胞 lacunar cell淋巴细胞为主型 lymphocyte predominance type淋巴细胞消减型 lymphocyte depletion type混合细胞型 mixed cellularity type结节硬化型 nodular sclerosis type非何杰金淋巴瘤 non-Hodgkin lymphoma ,NHL 白血病leukemia 急性淋巴细胞性白血病 acute lymphocytic leukemia ,ALL 慢性淋巴细胞性白血病 chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,CLL 急性粒细胞白血病 acute myelocytic leukemia ,AML 慢性粒细胞白血病 chronic myelocytic leukemia ,CML骨髓增生性疾病 myeloproliferative disorder 真性红细胞增多症polycythemia vera 原发性血小板增多症 primary thrombocythemia 骨髓纤维化 myelofibrosis类白血病反应leukemoid reaction多发性骨髓瘤multiple myeloma恶性组织细胞增多症 malignant histiocytosis泌尿系统疾病肾小球肾炎glomerulonephritis 弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎 diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis弥漫性系膜增生性肾小球肾炎 diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis弥漫性新月体性肾小球肾炎 diffuse cresentic glomerulonephritis弥漫性膜性增生性肾小球肾炎d-MPGN diffuse membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis弥漫性膜性肾小球肾炎 diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis轻微病变性肾小球肾炎 minimal change glomerulonephritis局灶性节段性肾小球硬化focal segmental glomerulosclerosis局灶性节段性肾小球肾炎 focal segmental glomerulonephritis IgA肾病 IgA nephropathy弥漫性硬化性肾小球肾炎 diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis 尿毒症uremia 肾性骨营养不良 renal osteodystrophy 骨软化 osteomalacia囊状纤维性骨炎 osteitis fibrosa cystica 肾盂肾炎 pyelonephritis尿石症 urolithiasis肾盂积水 hydronephrosis肾细胞癌 renal cell carcinoma 肾母细胞瘤 nephroblastoma , wilmstumor膀胱移行细胞乳头状瘤 transitional cell papilloma移行细胞癌 transitional cell carcinoma鳞状细胞癌 squamous cell carcinoma腺癌 adenocarcinoma 内分泌系统疾病尿崩症 diabetes insipidus肢端肥大症 acromegaly泌乳-闭经综合征 galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome垂体性巨人症 pituitary gigantism地方性 endemic 散发性 sporadic弥漫性胶样甲状腺肿 diffuse 突眼性甲状腺肿 exophthalmic甲状腺功能低下 hypothyroidism克汀病 cretinism粘液水肿 myxedema亚急性甲状腺炎 subacute thyroiditis慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎（桥本病）chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis纤维性甲状腺炎 fibrous thyroiditis甲状腺腺瘤 thyroid adenoma甲状腺癌 carcinoma of thyroid 乳头状腺癌 papillary adenocarcinoma 滤泡状腺癌 follicular adenocarcinoma 未分化癌 undifferentiated carcinoma 髓样癌 medullary carcinoma甲状旁腺功能亢进 hyperparathyroidism原发性甲状旁腺增生症 primary hyperplasia of parathyroid肾上腺皮质功能亢进 hyperadrenalism原发性醛固酮增多症 primary aldosteronism肾上腺皮质功能低下症 adrenocortical insufficiency肾上腺皮质癌 adrenocortical carcinoma嗜铬细胞瘤 pheochromocytoma糖尿病 diabetes mellitus酮血症 ketonemia 酮尿症 ketonuria高血糖素 glucagon胰岛细胞瘤 islet-cell tumor