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毕业设计（论文）材料之二（2）本科毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目： 工程施工控制 课 题 类 型: 设计 实验研究 论文 学 生 姓 名: 学 号: 专 业 班 级： 工程092 学 院： 指 导 教 师： 开 题 时 间： 2013年2月28日一、 本课题的研究意义、研究现状和发展趋势（文献综述）(1)研究意义施工规划因其重要的指导意义而被广泛的运用于各个项目中。施工规划是指具体指导施工的作业的技术性文件，同时是一个比较全面的长远的发展计划，是对未来整体性、长期性、基本性问题的战略思考、考量和设计未来整套行动方案。施工规划具有长远性、全局性、战略性、方向性、概括性和鼓动性。施工规划作为施工现场的指导性文件包含着人员的配置、材料的运输使用，机械设备的排班以及工期安排等诸多内容，是工程施工的核心文件。施工组织设计是用来组织工程施工的指导性文件，在工程设计阶段和工程施工阶段分别由设计、施工单位负责编制。施工组织设计有别于施工规划：施工组织设计仅仅是施工规划的一部分，施工规划还包括对项目盈利情况的一个预期分析，以及施工、电力、设备、劳动力配置、驻地建设、环境保护目标、安全管理目标、质量目标等等多方面的一些策划。根据这些前期规划编制施工组织设计，从而更好地指导建筑施工。通过本次课题研究对工程建设项目在整个施工过程构思设想和具体的安排，根据业主对工程项目的各项要求对工程项目在技术和组织、时间和空间、人力和物力等方面所作的全面而合理的安排，从而达到切实可行的施工进度，合理有效的技术组织措施和资源组织优化，以及合理布置施工现场空间，使工程建设达到速度快、质量好、效益高，以保证整个工程在施工中获得最优效果。（2） 研究现状 对建设项目全过程管理来说, 施工阶段是工程建设项目产品的形成阶段, 也是最难、最复杂的阶段, 在这个阶段大量的投资通过施工这一环节不断“物化”, 最终形成固定资产, 实现项目投资。在施工阶段采取有效措施、组织好施工规划, 对降低施工成本、控制工程造价、提高投资效益具有十分重要的意义。施工规划是指具体指导施工作业的技术性文件, 一个工程项目成功与否, 与施工方案的好坏有直接的关系。施工方案的规划就是一个施工项目所采取的具体的施工方法、施工工艺、施工组织及各种资源配置的规划部署。施工方案确定的原则应体现科学、合理、安全、经济、可靠的原则, 从而以较低的成本可靠地实现该工程所需要的功能。建筑施工控制的主要内容有： 1） 质量控制 建筑施工质量控制是为达到工程质量要求所采取的作业技术和活动，主要表现为保证达到工程合同规定的质量标准而采取的一系列措施、手段和方法。建筑施工质量的优劣，关系到国家的发展、关系到人民生命财产的安全和社会安定，应当从施工过程的各个环节、各个方面落实质量责任，确保建设工程质量。建筑施工质量的影响因素有人的因素、材料因素、方法因素、机械设备因素、和环境的因素；我们在施工过程中要提高建筑施工质量控制意识，把质量摆在突出位置；要建立建筑施工质量目标责任制，确定工程项目的项目经理、技术负责人和施工管理负责人对所承建项目的工程质量负有领导责任及终身责任；要强化施工质量控制意识，落实责任，严格考核自始至终严抓质量控制工作。 2 ）成本控制 在竞争激烈的市场环境下，降低施工项目成本，增强企业竞争力，提高经济效益和盈利能力是企业生存的必要手段。工程项目成本控制水平是企业效益评价的关键，是提高企业管理水平、降低企业经营风险的重要途径。加强建筑施工项目成本控制，有利于提高企业的市场竞争力；有利于促进企业资金积累，为企业发展提供保障；有利于项目承包责任制的推行。建筑施工项目成本控制主要有工程投标阶段的成本控制，施工准备阶段成本控制，施工过程的成本控制，竣工验收阶段成本控制等。在建筑施工项目管理中，我们要增强项目成本控制意识，建立项目成本控制管理机构，加强项目成本控制的现代化手段。 3） 安全控制 建筑施工项目安全生产控制，就是施工项目在施工过程中，组织安全生产的全部活动，通过对生产因素的具体控制，使生产因素不安全的行为和状态减少或消除，不引发事故，从而保证施工项目的正常运行。建筑行业较差的安全管理状况导致了生产率降低、成本上升、工程质量水平降低、建设周期加长等。施工企业应当始终把“安全第一”作为企业基本经营方针，树立“一切事故都是可以预防并避免”的指导思想。建筑工程的安全生产控制，就是施工项目在施工过程中，组织安全生产的全部活动，通过对生产因素的具体控制，使生产因素不安全的行为和状态减少或消除，不引发事故，从而保证施工项目的正常运行。安全控制的工作重点应当放在预防阶段，从制度入手，制订安全管理措施、增强安全意识教育，引导教育施工者按照安全技术措施、安全操作规程进行施工操作。加强对生产各因素状态的约束和控制，根据施工生产特点，落实安全责任，实施责任管理，加强安全教育，严格执行安全检查制度。 4）进度控制 施工单位必须根据建设单位的要求控制施工进度。建筑施工项目进度控制，首先是施工进度计划的编制，施工进度计划分为施工总进度计划和单位工程施工进度计划两类。施工总进度计划是对建设项目施工或群体工程施工时编制的施工进度计划，单位工程施工进度计划是对单位工程、单体工程或单项工程编制的施工进度计划的总称。项目部应收集相关资料及在工地调查研究的基础上编制工程项目施工进度计划，按照进度计划有效的组织施工生产。在施工生产过程中，应深入现场调查、了解实际施工进度和计划进度的偏差，采取措施，适当调整部分进度计划，确保实际施工进度和计划进度相符，对工程施工进度进行动态控制，保证工程项目进度达到工期要求的目的。 5） 技术控制 施工技术是建筑施工企业生存和发展的基础性资源，在常见的施工工程中，技术控制是人们不容忽视的重点。技术控制工作的主要任务是运用管理的职能和科学的方法，建立技术管理体系，完善技术管理制度，卓有成效地开展技术开发创新和技术考核工作。一是要明确技术范畴，完善制订具体、科学的建筑施工技术管理条例，便于施工单位遵守执行。二是要实现施工过程标准化，做好施工系统的标准设计和施工工艺研究，做到标准化、规范化，并对不同建筑工程项目中的革新项目加以总结提高，制成标准图纸，供各施工队伍直接参考使用。（3） 发展趋势 随着建筑市场国际化进程的加快，专业化分工的细化，建筑市场的竞争越来越激烈，也越来越残酷。作为建筑市场主体之一的施工方，要想勇攀高峰，立于不败之地，不仅要加强企业管理和经济核算，同时还要在施工规划或施工方案的优化和落实上下功夫。发包方对施工方施工图预算（投标报价）的审核，实际上是对施工方施工规划的优化和确认。发包方若不能按照经审核的施工组织设计提供施工条件，就有可能带来工期和费用的索赔；施工方若不能按照优化后的施工规划实施，并贯穿于施工的整个过程，就有可能蒙受经济损失或遭到反索赔。 为适应市场经济下建筑市场的需要, 施工企业不断加强工程项目的施工规划工作, 准确把握施工程项目的施工规划编制要求, 适宜地、有针对性地编制施工程项目的施工规划大纲和工程施工规划, 在施工准备与施工全过程管理中发挥应有作用, 使得我国现在的建筑施工变得更加规范化、科学化、专业化，促进建筑施工企业健康的发展。工程施工规划可以进一步规范施工项目管理, 确保企业经营目标和项目管理目标的实现, 不断提高施工项目管理水平, 增强企业市场竞争力。二、研究方案及工作计划（1）研究方案：首先，要对工程的概况有足够的了解。根据工程所在的地理位置与交通线路确定临时设施的位置。在确保施工安全的前提下保持使用方便的原则合理的布置平面位置。依据施工编制和人力配置编制合理的的进度计划并在施工的全过程中贯穿安全、质量和成本的控制。使建筑工程可以以更快的速度，更小的成本更好的完成工程质量。（2）工作计划： 1) 外文资料翻译、调研并收集相关工程资料、复习相关主干课程寒假2) 完成开题报告，通过指导老师审查第1周3) 毕业实习，为撰写毕业论文做准备第26周4) 完成论文提纲，开始撰写论文第7周5) 完成毕业论文初稿第810周6) 毕业论文中期检查，修改初稿第11周7) 修改论文并定稿第1215周8) 电子版毕业设计文件的输入、打印和装订第716周9) 毕业答辩资料整理第17周 三、阅读的主要参考文献1 李忠富，齐宝库.建筑施工组织与现代管理.北京：中国机械工业出版社.2006 2 成虎.工程项目管理.北京：高等教育出版社.2004 3 郭继秋，唐慧哲.工程项目管理.北京：化学工业出版社.2005 4 邱义明.工程项目施工规划与造价管理分析.福建建筑.2010(4)5 丛培经.建设工程项目管理规范实施要点.建筑技术.2002(9)6 黄荣生.土木工程施工项目管理的规划与实践探讨.中国城市经济.2011(6) 7 郭婧娟.工程造价管理：清华大学出版社.北京交通大学出版社.2005 8 董鸿奇，陈春.如何对工程质量的监督管理.工程质量.2008，(1)：12-14 9 陈杰玲.如何提高我国工程项目管理水平的评论.2009,35(19)10 林林.土木工程施工项目管理的规划与实践.中国房地产.2012(12)11 杨婧.土木工程施工管理成本控制与实践探讨.城市建设理论研究.2012(19)12 Frederick E. Gould. Construction Project Management. TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS.2004 13 Hinze, J.W.Construction Planning and Scheduling. TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS.2004 14 Clifford J. S chexnayder. Construction Management Fundamentals. Construction Specifications Institute press.2004附录：外文文献The construction organization design in engineering management important roleThis article on the construction of organizational design management process and the three control objectives were discussed from different angles aimed at strengthening the construction of organizational design optimization and management stressed the important role of the construction organization design in the engineering and construction management project implementation in under market economy conditions how the effective use of existing resources into the correct handling of the investment time and the progress of the three control objectives should play the role of the construction organization design in the tender and the signing of the contract the construction organization design not only in the management of play a role also play a role in management a balanced investment of resources reasonable work arrangements have an important impact on speeding up the construction period and improve investment returns. Construction organization design is used to guide the whole process of construction projects the activities of technical economic and organization of comprehensive document construction technology and construction project management of the organic integration of product it is after the project construction activities in an orderly efficient scientific and reasonable to carry out the guarantee. Its characteristics are: 1 includes both techniques including economic more precisely the combination of technical and economic documents can solve the technical problem but also consider economic effect. 2 of the whole file quote overall quote refers to the engineering object is whole file content is comprehensive play is full. 3 is a guide to contracting process from start to completion of bidding end. The construction before after all in all sorts of problems to be considered and make are as on able analysis compiled on the construction activities for full deployment guide the construction preparation and construction process technical economy document. It from the construction of the overall situation according to the specific conditions formulate construction scheme determine the construction program construction flow construction sequence construction method and technical measures of organization labor organization arrangement of construction schedule and labor equipment materials components and various semi-finished goods supply on the road transport site use water and electricity energy guarantee on-site facilities layout and construction planning in order to predict construction in a variety of needs and its changes to prepare in advance the design and construction technology and economy front and rear the overall business activities and construction project the construction units departments and between each project stage the relationship between the organic coordination so that the whole construction process of a scientific and rational management system so as to achieve the best people turn material resources to good account high quality low cost high efficiency to obtain the best economic benefits. Construction organization design as a whole comprehensive technical and economic documents is a communication bridge between engineering design and construction. It should not only show the proposed project design and use requirements but also accord with the objective law of engineering construction whole process of construction plays an important role in the planning and guidance .Mainly has the following several points. (1) It guide the engineering bidding and engineering contract signed as a bid to the books content and part of contract. (2)Its for guiding the construction before the disposable prep and the entire process of construction work. (3) as a project management plan documents proposed construction schedule control quality control cost control safety control field management each factor of production management and technical measures of organization enhance comprehensive benefits. Construction organization design of classification according to the construction organization design stage can be divided into two categories: one category is prior to bidding construction organization plan referred to as the standard design another kind is the engineering contract signed after preparation of the construction organization design referred to as the standard design. A building or a group of building construction must be by a lot of work to finish .Every project construction process can take different construction methods and different construction tools. The building or building group of construction sequence often have different arrangement. Every member can be produced by different mode of production every kind of transport operation can adopt different means of transport and transport operation. Work on the mechanical equipment warehouse yard and office space often can have different arrangement scheme. In short whether in technology or in the organizational aspects usually have many feasible schemes for the construction of personnel selection but a different schematic economic effect is not the same. To this end (1) contracting parties in the editorship of engineering investment not only familiar with the construction drawings choose the applicable quota cost standard but also in-depth field set collate carefully as appropriate construction organization or construction plan. The different construction organization or construction plan will directly influence the quota sub-item of the sleeve and influence from the engineering cost. As the employer in the pipeline project cost should be strictly from fine from solid improve the accuracy of project cost eliminate overestimate risk eliminate unfair to improve project cost phenomenon as a construction method for a project contract authority must optimize construction organization design so that the series of the project cost more accurate.( 2 )the construction drawing budget quantity statistical table that lists the unit works in all kinds of labor and materials required quantity it is construction unit the preparation of construction plan reduce the project cost and reliable evidence accurate or not will directly affect the construction preparation work. (3) the accurate construction graph budget can make construction method to execute economic accounting and strive to ensure quality and construction period of the premise with less labor consumption to obtain best economic effect. Through the above analysis the construction organization design quality will directly affect the project investment and cost so the need for construction organization design optimization. Control of the construction project progress not only can ensure that the construction project according to the predetermined time delivery timely investment benefit and construction method also the timely recovery of funds reduce the loss due to time limit default and vested interest. However according to how the construction unit construction organization design make accord with the engineering characteristics of the individual construction organization scheme in practical work are not effectively carried out or even less than the construction unit schedule resulted in event of default. According to the construction unit construction organization design combined with the engineering characteristics affecting the progress of factor analysis using network technique to find out the key circuit and the key factors. The second schedule control measures in order to ensure the implementation of target of control of construction project. The progress control measures should include measures of organization technical measures economic measures and contract measure.5 construction organization design effect on qualityThe influencing factor of project quality throughout all phases of the project construction the project feasibility study until completion and acceptance are to some extent to some extent the project implementation stage is the formation of physical quality of the decisive link. In this step do well in construction organization design quality plan review plays an important role in. Construction organization design review of the main principles of quality plan. (1) The construction organization design shall be in accordance with current technology policy fully consider the conditions of contract actual highlight the mutuality first safety first quota principle.(2) The construction organization design in. (3) The construction organization design operation. (4) The advanced technology program. (5) Quality management and technology management system quality assurance measures are sound and feasible. (6) safety environmental protection fire protection and civilized construction measures are feasible and in accordance with the relevant provisions. (7) to meet the contract and legal requirements should respect the parties involved in the independent decision and management decision. Construction organization design review should pay attention to the following aspects.(1) The important segment construction scheme.(2) In the construction of order should be consistent with the first underground ground after construction first main equipment main body after the first enclosure basic law. (3) The construction scheme and construction schedule plan consistency. (4) The construction scheme and construction plan layout coordination. The construction organization design should consider the situation seize the principal contradiction foreknow weak point seek truth from facts to do the whole process of the construction of the overall arrangement. The actual work most of the construction unit and management often focus on one aspect or pay attention to before bidding construction organization design can achieve the project wins the bid or pay attention to contract phase of the construction organization design acquisition management Fang Dish work permit these two cases are not really grasp the construction organization design true namely the construction organization design and the overall process characteristics not the construction organization design technology and economy truly unified. In the preparation of construction organization design process should pay attention to from the following aspects of construction organization design optimization. After receiving the drawings or letter of acceptance the Contractor shall proceed to the environment of construction site survey the preparation of detailed construction organization design. Therefore the construction personnel should be combined with the project of the nature and magnitude duration the number of workers machinery and equipment material supply component production transport conditions geological conditions climatic conditions and the specific technical and economic conditions the construction organization design construction scheme and construction progress plan optimization allowing the selection of the scheme is more reasonable. As in a water treatment works involving multiple elevation is a water treatment structures the construction side according to the local terrain and weather conditions (9 December drought little rain) first arrange the low-lying and elevation of lower reservoir and two sink the pond construction then arrange to potential higher water stress cycle clarifier non valve filter construction effectively solves the problem of the rainy season in the low-lying place construction difficulty avoids the low-lying place was rain soaked collapse drainage difficult phenomenon thereby reducing the cost of the project. In accordance with the project and rational construction program arrangement construction sequence according to the actual situation of each unit engineering construction period arrangement so that the construction work in batches to avoid excessive concentrations effectively reduce the peak workload reduce the temporary facilities avoid labor machinery materials enter big greatly ensure the construction schedule there is rhythm of. Should the widespread implementation of flow-shop such as the organization of professional operations team or multiple types of mixed operations team in accordance with the provisions of the order of uninterrupted in several working properties of the same work surface flow construction because the professional group operation of specialization to guarantee the quality of the work improve the work efficiency and the utilization rate of mechanical equipment. At the same time can ensure working face is not idle the process of uninterrupted achieve balanced continuous operation shorten the time limit for a project reduce project cost. As a construction unit in the preparation of a highway bid construction organization design due to the road through the hills bridge and culvert design of greater density and mutually neighboring much rubble masonry bridge culvert table plate bridges in order to improve the work efficiency construction workers are divided into two groups: group of masonry and reinforced concrete group. Work group was divided into two groups a group of special masonry foundation another group of special masonry abutment reinforced concrete work group was divided into woodworking group reinforcing steel bar and concrete work group. All duties unfolding flow-shop obtained by construction unit of praise but also greatly reduces the cost of the project. Main construction machinery utilization ratio directly affects project cost considered inappropriate may also affect the construction schedule. Therefore without affecting the overall progress under the premise make full use of existing machinery equipment large machinery and small machinery combination mechanization and semi-mechanization combined and on schedule to make appropriate adjustments in order to improve the main mechanical utilization rate so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the cost of. As in sewage treatment plant project phase two of the sewage in the station construction the construction side by dredging excavator digging pit dump truck with good soil embankment mud up to spoil ground greatly improves the work efficiency reduces the cost. On construction organization design and technical economy analysis is intended to demonstrate the preparation of construction organization design technically feasible in the economy is reasonable so as to choose the satisfactory solution and for managing way. Construction organization design and technical economic analysis steps as shown in figure1.Construction organization design and analysis and evaluation are generally divided into: general construction organization design evaluation is the individual project construction organization design evaluation and unit construction organization design and evaluation. Before bidding should pay attention to individual project construction organization design analysis and evaluation contract stage should pay attention to unit construction organization design analysis and evaluation. Unit construction organization design analysis and evaluation of quality cost time limit for a project should focus on three main aspects taking into account the safety aspect should from the following several aspects.(1) Basic engineering in earthwork piling of cast-in-place concrete drainage and waterproof transp
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