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如何猜测词义,临沂期中 58. what does the underlined word “delegated” probably mean? A. appointed B. replaced C. declined D. handled,Have you allowed your time to be over-committed because you never say “No” to anyone? Do you insist on doing things yourself that could be delegated to others? If so , why ? Do you believe that everything depends on you?,63. What is the meaning of the underlined word “unanimous” in para. 6? unwilling B. absolute C. inconsiderate D. uncertain,When our advisor asked if we would like to get involved, we responded with a unanimous yes .,在阅读中, 我们往往会遇到一些不认识的单词或短语, 或者认识的单词在文章中有了新的意义、如果这些词或短语不影响对文章主要内容的理解, 我们便可以将它们略过, 继续阅读。如果了解这些词语的意思对正确理解文意很重要, 这时, 我们就必须根据上下文的联系, 对它们的意义进行猜测, 使之不影响对整篇文章的阅读理解。需要注意的是, 一个单词通常有好几个意思, 我们要解决的是这些词在文中所表达的意思。因此, 不可脱离上下文, 只根据自己以前了解的词义来确定其意义。通常, 猜测词义可采用以下几种方法：,一、利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上的 联系或 下文进一步的叙述, 猜测词义。,1.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.,2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.,3.Im sorry Ive been monopolizing you. Your other dinner companion should have the chance to talk to you.,4.If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance oftener, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient.,5.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous.,1.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.,如不知道vampire的词义, 从上文1ives on blood(靠吸血而生存)则可得知其词义为吸血昆虫。,2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.,如不知道spectacles的词义, 从下文“戴上spectacles后开始阅读“可猜得其词义为“眼镜“。,3.Im sorry Ive been monopolizing you. Your other dinner companion should have the chance to talk to you, too.,根据第二个句子的意思, 可猜出monopolize之意为“独占“,4.If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance oftener, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient.,根据and never give up a thing .可猜测perseverance之意为“坚韧不拔“ .,5.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous.,根据后半句让步状语从句, 可猜测instinct为“本能“。,6.14,000 sanitation workers who carry off, yearly, three million tons of refuse and keep 7,500 miles of streets clean and free of snow.,从上下文可猜出sanitation workers为“环卫工人“。,7.Human beings are a unique species. They have larger brains than any other beings. They have the gift of speech and can communicate their thoughts, ideas, and feelings.,从上下文可猜出the gift of speech为“语言天赋”。,8.Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground and bring out these secrets. They discover objects thousands of years old that inform us about how people lived long ago.,不难猜出Archaeologists 为“考古学家”,9.The teacher did not hear the knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in his reading.,以因果关系为线索, 可确定engrossed的意思为“被吸引”, “全神贯注”。,10.I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily.,通过第二句, 可推出resolute的意思是“坚定的“。,二. 利用文中的举例猜测词义。,常见的举例的提示词有：for example, such as , for instance 等。,1.Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.,如不知道“geometric forms“的意思, 可从文中所列举的三角形、正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为“几何图形”。,2.Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions.,如不知道appliances的意思, 从文中的举例washing-machines, refrigerators, color televisions可以猜出该词的意思为“家用电器”。,3.There were disastrous fires in some cities, such as the great fire of London in 1666.,such as 列举出如1666年伦敦大火一类“灾难性”（即disastrous）的火灾。,4. The government promises to give millions of deprived black the essentials in life - housing, education, health facilities, and job opportunities.,可猜出essentials是“必需品”。,三. 利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语, 猜测词义。,1.Tom was a roamer, a wanderer who could never stay in one place.,roamer是生词, 但wanderer是由我们所熟悉的wander变化而来的名词, 那可以推出的意思是“流浪汉”。,2.Nearby is the race course, where the towns most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.,以where引导的定语从句为依据, course应是汽车赛举行的地点, 所以排除“过程”, “课程”, “航向”, 而要定义为“跑道”。,3.They will be on the night shift - from midnight to 6 a.m. - next week.,由破折号之间的解释内容, 我们可以了解到night shift意思为“夜班”。,4.In sports, especially athletics, success is often prevented by psychological obstacles, that is, barriers that exist in the mind only.,that is后面的内容解释说明了psychological obstacles为“心理障碍”。,四. 利用文中的反义词猜测词义。,表示对比的词有but, while, however, otherwise 等。,1.American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.,文中be punctual.的意思, 可理解为not come late, 即“准时, 不迟到“。,2.Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.,根据文中Unlike的意思, shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.应该表达了“gregarious“相反的意思, 所以gregarious的意思为“好交际的“。,3.All of these ideas about the communication of the future are fantasies, to be sure, but many of them are fantasies that are very likely to become realities.,fantasies与realities意义相反, 可猜测其词义为“幻想“。,4.Most of them agreed; however, John dissented.,dissented通过however与agreed对比, “反对“,5.Jane was talking with others while Bliza remained reticent all the time.,根据while的提示, 前后对照, reticent的含义是“沉默寡言“。,五. 利用同义词, 近义词或词组。,1.One of the predominant concerns today is the future of our natural resources. This issue is of greatest importance because it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will not last forever.,文中predominant的词义可猜测为与of greatest importance的意思相近。,3.Doctors, scientists, and public health experts often travel to these regions to solve the mystery of a long healthy life; the experts hope to bring to the modern world the secrets of longevity.,生词longevity，的意思为“长命的、长寿的”。,4.I see people, old and young alike, are now taking tests of intelligence, education and skill. I wonder why there is not test of ones virtue or goodness.,句中or后的goodness解释了virtue, 其意为“善行”。,六. 利用下文定义的句子猜测词义。,1.In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands, used to describe something forbidden.,根据句子内容, 可猜测Taboo为“禁忌”。,2.Instinctive behavior is a pattern of behavior that an animal is born with.,根据句子内容, 可猜测Instinctive behavior为“本性”。,3.Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people.,根据定语从句, 可猜测artificial-intelligence之意为“人工智能”。,4.A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof- not friendly, of distance from others,破折号后的内容是aloof一词“不友好, 冷漠“的释意。,5. English speakers use a lot of euphemisms-polite, less direct words for thing or ideas that cause embarrassment.,euphemisms意思是“委婉说法“。,6. Children also need convictions - something (and someone)to trust, to hold up as worthy of admiration.,convictions意为“信念“。,七. 利用构词法猜测词义。,1.They overestimate the interviewees ability and asked him many difficult questions.,在overestimate词中是前缀, 意思是“过分-“。因此, overestimate的词义可猜测为“过高估计“。,2. We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it.,spacious是由词根 space（空间）和 ious（形容词后缀）构成。由此我们可以猜出其意思为“有空间的, 宽敞的“。,八. 综合法。,以上几种猜测词义的方法不是互不联系的, 有时可以同时采用几种方法猜测词义。,1.Since the discovery of nuclear energy there has been bitter controversy. In the supporters view, atomic energy offers the only chance of survival for civilization. The opponents, however, think that it is the most direct way to extinction. While extremists on both sides shout slogans, moderates tend to agree that new sources of energy will eventually be developed and that nuclear energy will play its part.,根据上下文, 可以猜出controversy为“争端“。在“争端“中就会有“支持者“ supporters和“反对者“ opponents, 而两派中还会有“激进派“ extremists和“温和派“ moderates。,2.Sociologists divide families into two general types: the nuclear family and the extended family, which may include three or more generations living together.,根据定语从句, 可猜测extended family意思是“大家庭“, 与extended family意思相反, 可猜测nuclear family为“小家庭“。,在阅读理解中要求判断词语意思的问题, 通常有以下形式：,1. According to the author, the word “ means _. 2.By“,the author means _. 3. Which of the following is nearest (closest) in meaning to“? 4.The word “ in the passage means _. 5. The word “ most likely means _.,一、利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上的联系或下文进 一步的叙述, 猜测词义。,二. 利用文中的举例猜测词义。,三. 利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语, 猜测词义。,四. 利用文中的反义词猜测词义。,五. 利用同义词, 近义词或词组。,六. 利用下文定义的句子猜测词义。,七. 利用构词法猜测词义。,八. 综合法。,总结,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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