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阅读题型训练：猜测词义题一、总述: 猜测词义题主要考查文章中出现的词或词组的意思。常见的考查方式为要求考生推测出生词或者词组的汉语意思、英语近义词或者词组的引申义。 在中学阶段的英语阅读考试中,主要考查对文章中生词的理解。因此,我们在本学期的报纸中将重点向同学们介绍推测生词含义的方法。 阅读理解文章中对生词的考查有的是考查影响文章理解的非常重要的超纲词汇,还有的是考查一词多义的单词在文中的含义。二、方法介绍: 总的来说,推测生词含义有两种方法,即通过词根词缀和通过上下文来推测。1. 通过词根词缀推测生词的含义。 在英语中一个基本词根加上各种不同的词缀构成不同词性或不同词义的单词,叫衍生词。一般前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性。例如:(1)前缀表示否定的前缀un-:real 真实的unreal 不真实的表示否定的前缀dis-:advantage 优势disadvantage 劣势意为再次的前缀re-:appear 出现reappear 再次出现(2)后缀将动词变成名词的后缀-er:work v.工作worker n.工人将动词变成形容词的后缀-able:drink v.喝drinkable adj.能饮用的将名词变成形容词的后缀-ous:courage n.勇气courageous adj.勇敢的2. 通过上下文推测生词的含义。 常用的通过上下文来推测生词含义的方法有四种,即同义法、反义法、逻辑法和常识法。(1)同义法:利用定义或解释来推测生词的意思。用动词be, mean或词组refer to给出前面生词的含义。例如:Facility is a place used for a particular purpose or activity, usually including buildings. (facility供特定用途的场所)通过举例的方法给出生词的含义。例如:After a day of hunting, Harold was ravenous. Yesterday, for example, he ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. (ravenous 饥饿的)通过生词后括号内或者破折号后的内容给出生词的含义。例如:They ended in a draw (To finish a game without either team winning). (end in a draw双方打成平手)通过生词的同位语或定语给出生词的含义。例如:Hes a dentist, thats to say, a person whose job is to take care of peoples teeth. (dentist 牙医)(2)反义法:通过后面表示转折意思或者对比关系的词来推测生词的意思。在阅读过程中,如有表示转折的词but, though, however等和表示对比关系的词或表达unlike, different from, on the contrary等出现,那就表明这些词语的前后就是两个完全相反的概念。例如:He is a punctual boy, but he was late this morning. (punctual 守时的)(3)逻辑法:利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词含义的方法。表示类比的词或表达有the same as, similarly, in the same way等；表示因果关系的词或表达有as a result, therefore, because, so, consequently, due to等；表示递进关系的词或表达有and then, even, in fact等。例如: The English class was delayed because the teacher was ill. (delay 推迟)(4)常识法:利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法。例如:The snake slithered through the grass. (根据蛇的生活习性,我们能够推断出slither的意思为爬行。)三、常见的提问方式: 1. The underlined word land in the last paragraph probably means _.2. The expression negative picture most probably means _.3. The underlined word victory in Para-graph 5 means _.4. The word delay in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by _.5. The word passionate in the middle of the passage is the closest in meaning to _.真题重现:例1:. For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. Rings around the sun are a sign of wet weather. That many people feel their joints (关节) hurt is a sign of wet weather. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way. If you see a rain-bow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening . (2009年宿迁市中考题阅读理解A篇)Which of the following can be used here to replace (取代) the underlined phrase on the way?A. away B. gone C. disappearing D. coming 解析: 在本段第四句的前半句我们得知当好天气来临的时候,一些鸟会飞得很高。后半句用一个转折词表示反义,即坏天气的时候这些鸟会有怎样的表现。因此,我们可以推断出后半句的on the way和前半句的coming意思是一样的。因此,正确答案为D。例2:One day when some government officials were rebuilding a barn(谷仓), they found a mouse hole in a corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. A while later they indeed saw mice running out, one after another. Then, everyone thought that all the mice had escaped. But just as they began to clean up, they saw two mice squeezing (挤) out at the mouth of the hole. With some efforts, the mice finally got out. However, it was strange that after they came out of the hole, they did not run away immediately. Instead, one chased after the other near the mouth of the hole. It seemed that one was trying to bite (咬) the tail of the other. Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped nearer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was blind and could not see anything, and the other was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on his tail so that he could pull the blind one with him to escape. After seeing what happened, everyone was speechless and lost in thought. During the meal time, the group of people sat down in a circle and started to chat about what happened to the two mice. One serious American official said, I think the relationship between those two mice was that of king and guard. The others thought for a while and said, That was why! A smart French said, I think the relationship between the two mice was that of husband and wife. Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it made sense .(武汉市中考题阅读理解C篇)it made sense probably means _.A. it was correct B. it was strange C. it was funny D. it was sweet 解析: 根据前面两段的描述,我们可以推测出这两只老鼠的关系很密切。在第四段一位美国官员猜测它们是皇帝和侍卫的关系,其他官员表示有这种可能。接着,在第五段一位法国官员推测它们是夫妻关系,这也是有可能的。这时,我们就可以猜测出it made sense和前面的that was why有相似的意思,即都表示有这种可能。因此,正确答案为A。例3:In every little girls toy box, there might be a Barbie Doll. Barbie is 50 years old this year. It was designed in 1959 by an American businesswoman named Ruth Handler. She and her husband Elliott started the toy company Mattel. She named the new doll after their daughter Barbara. The first Barbie Doll appeared at the toy fair (交易会) in New York on March 9th, 1959. This date is used as Barbies birth-day. Mattel sold three hundred thousand Barbie Dolls in the first year at a price of three dollars. Today, a fifty-year-old Barbie in good condition might cost more than twenty-seven thousand dollars. Mattel says 90% of the girls in the United States aged from three to ten own at least one Barbie Doll. And girls aged three to six own average (平均) of about twelve. When Mattel created Barbie Dolls half a century ago, they never thought this doll would become a legend. Now Barbie Dolls are famous all over the world. They are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second three Barbie Dolls are sold around the world.(2009年福州市中考题阅读理解B篇)What does the underlined word legend mean in the passage?A. 传播 B. 传奇 C. 传承 D. 传述解析: 根据前面几段的叙述,由Barbie Dolls诞生到现在的销售、购买者的年龄以及它经久不衰的流行度可推知这是个传奇。因此,正确答案为B。小试牛刀 You should have many things to have a good life. Motivation is an important one. What is motivation? Motivation is something that allows you to go after and get what you want in life. You need motivation when you do many things in life. For example, if you want to change your character, to start a new habit or to be-come a better child, you need motivation. So how can you develop motivation? Here are a few things that you should do:1. Pay attention to one goal1 at a time. You should make sure that your short-term goals all help in getting your long-term goals. One of the best ways for you to pay attention to one goal at a time is to make a diary of your goals. 2. If there are any things that stop you from getting to your goals, eliminate them.If you want to write a book, how can you finish it if the TV is too noisy? 3. Forget any bad influences. Bad influences may make you less confident2. Thinking positively is the best way for you to develop your motivation.Notes:1. goal n.目标2.confident adj.有信心的阅读短文,选择正确答案。1. What does the underlined word motivation probably mean in Chinese?A. 努力 B. 动机 C. 冲动 D. 喜爱2. What does the underlined word eliminate most probably mean?A. take away B. name C. collect D. cut down
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