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Passive voice,一. 何时使用被动语态,1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时 Paper is made from wood. He was wounded in the fight.,2. 需要强调动作的承受者时, Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest.,3. 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines.,二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式，被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj不带by短语。, The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care. (被动语态),2. 许多verbs (broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj，也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词，句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。, I was worried about you all night.(表状态) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作) The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态),He showed me his pictures.,I was shown his pictures by him.,His pictures were shown to me by him.,Aunt made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by aunt.,A new dress was made for me by aunt.,三. 不同形式的被动语态 1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时可将其中一个宾语变为主语另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。,2. 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。,(1) 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。,They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi.,(2) make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. 使役动词后做宾补的不 定式一般不加to, 变为被动, 必须加to。,My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.,I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.,I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.,Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?,3. 情态动词的被动语态 是由情态动词+be+p.p.构成,They can not find him.,He can not be found.,You must pay me for this.,I must be paid for this.,4. 短语动词的被动语态 一般来讲, 只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语。,因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语动词是一个不可分割的整体变被动时， 不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。这样的短语有： look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of,They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.,The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.,5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义,The goods sells well. The door cant open.,6. 有些词如want, need, require和 be worth后面加v-ing形式为主动, 意义为被动。,The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.,The book is worth reading.,7. 主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it., We know that Britain is an island country., Its known that Britain is an island country.,8. 宾语为反身代词, 相互代词及虚词it时， 不用被动，只用主动。,I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.,9. 谓语动词是以下时，无被动。,happen, belong to, suit, fit (适合), have, let, join, fall, last, cost (花费) break out (爆发), appear, burst out(迸发), hold(容纳), lack(缺乏), agree with(同意).,10. 据说类动词：,say, consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc.,如：It is said that There is said to be Sth./Sb. is said to,11. 主动形式表被动, 感官动词: sound, taste, smell, fell, look, seem等主语是物时;, 一些vi主动形式表被动含义,open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc., 不定式to blame, to let (出租)作表语时，主动形式表被动含义。 You are to blame. The house is to let., 表某物需要的need, want, require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义,The house needs /wants/require repairing, be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义,The book is worth reading.,Make these sentences passive.,1. About a million tourists visit Florence each year. Florence is visited by about a million tourists each year. 2. Ten million people visited London last year. London was visited by ten million people last year.,3. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.,Example: - The Sagrada Fimilia was designed by an English architect (Spanish) - No, it wasnt. It was designed by a Spanish architect.,1. The Louvre Art Gallery is located in Athen. (Paris) No, it isnt. Its located in Paris. 2. Paris is situated on the coast. (River Seine) No, it isnt. It is situated on the River Seine.,3. Florence is visited by eight million tourists every year. (one million) No, it isnt. It is visited by one million tourists every year.,4. Barcelona is known as the birthplace of western civilization. (Athens) No, it isnt. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization.,5. The Parthenon was built a hundred years ago. (2.400 years ago.) No, it isnt. The Parthenon was built 2,400 years ago.,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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