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Chapter 5 Working in the Schematic Editing Window(Advance) 原理图设计进阶前面我们已经学习乐如何使用Protel 99SE 绘制一般的电路原理图，但如果要使电路原理图绘制过程更加快速，结构层次更加清晰，交流更加方便，还需要学习更多的内容。本章将继续学习前面还未介绍的过的实用功能，熟练掌握这些功能，可以大大提高设计者绘制电路原理图的水平。我们将学习到转换视角快速复制全局编辑排列对齐重新编号电气检查5.1 Changing Your View of the SheetEach sheet you open will appear on its own Tab in the integrated Design Window.You look“through”this window to view your sheet.You can bring the sheet closer to you (zoom in),or move the sheet away(zoom out).The View menu provides a number of ways of changing you view of the document,including a Fit All Objects option,where the sheet will be zoomed to fit all the placed objects,and a Fit Document,where the entire sheet will be displayed.Shortcut keys to change your view include:l PageUp to zoom in（very useful）l PageDown to zoom out（very useful）l Home to re-center the screen at the current cursor positionl End to refresh the screen5.2 Browsing the SchematicWhen your design has many sheets it can become difficult and time consuming to locate objects on the sheets.To simplify this process the Schematic Editor includes powerful browsing features.Set the Browse mode at the top of the Editor Panel to Primitives, to browse through objects on the current sheet,or the entire project. You can browse by any of the object types available in the Schematic Edito原理图编辑器有很强大的查找功能,把Editor Panel的Browse模式设为Primitive,你就可以查找原理图编辑器的任何对象了l Press Jump to jump to the selected object,centering it in the window.l Press Text to jump to the selected object and pop up a text editing dialog if the object has a text field.l Press Edit to jump to the selected object and pop up the objects attribute dialog, allowing you to edit any of the objects attributes.属性5.3 Quick-Copying an Object快速复制The Schematic Editor has a powerful feature for copying the attributes of one object into a second object of the same type.For example,lets say you have a capacitor floating on the cursor,when you would really like to place a resistor.Rather than pressing ESC to get rid of the capacitor,then browsing through the library to find a resistor,you can use the quick-copy feature to turn the capacitor into a resistor.你鼠标粘了个电容,但是你本来是要放电阻的.你不用退出,去找电阻.你可以用快速复制功能直接把电容变成电阻Position the cursor(with the floating capacitor)over the“source”object(an existing resistor on the schematic),and press the INSERT key.There will now be a resistor floating on the cursor.You can also edit the attributes of the object before you place it by pressing the TAB key.把粘着电容的鼠标放在源对象上(电路上存在的一个电阻),再按INSERT键.鼠标粘着的就变成电阻了.TAB属性.5.4 Global Editing 全局编辑As well as being able to edit the attributes of a single object,you can also apply these edits to other objects of the same type on the current document,or if you wish,across the entire project.全局修改,修改一组或是整个对象.原理图编辑器不仅可以对单个对象进行修改,以可以对当前文档或整个数据库文件中具有同种属性的的对象同时进行属性的修改Additionally,you can further define conditions that either extend or restrict global changes.For example,changes can be applied to all objects that are selected or all objects that are not currently selected,or the change can be applied without regard to the objects selection status.If desired,you can create a complex set of conditions for applying changes.设计者可以编辑所有选中的,或是所有没选中的.或是不管对象是否被选中,设计者可以自定义一个对象编辑条件Virtually every one of these editable object attributes can be globally applied.A simple example would be changing the color assigned to all wire segments associated with a specific net.In another instance you may wish to change the font of all net labels. These options(and more)are possible with global editing.The possible applications for global changes are limited only by the imagination of the designer.实际上,那些具有可编辑属性的对象都是可以进行全局编辑修改的.比如与一个指定网络标号相连的所有导线,我们可以改变它们的颜色,或是改变所有网络标号的字体全局编辑修改的功能是很强大的,可以说只有想不到的,没有做不到的.The large number of global change options may make this feature appear somewhat complex at first.However,the principles of applying global changes are reasonably simple once understood.When mastered,this feature can be an important productivity tool that can save a great deal of manual editing of a schematic.初学者常常被全局编辑对话框中大量的编辑选项弄的不知所措,实际上,这些编辑修改的规则是相当易懂的,熟练地掌握这种编辑方法,可以省去大量地手动修改工作Global Editing StrategiesWhile the presentation of global change options may appear differently in the various object dialogs,the strategy used is always the same.This description will outline the approach to global editing.选择的对象不同,全局修改的选项也会有所不同,但基本用法是一致的,我们可以看看下面的例子:被编辑对象的当前属性要进行全局修改的对象的匹配属性改变的属性将从本对象复制到所有匹配的对象Current AttributesWhen you double-click on an object,you are presented with the dialog for that type of object.This dialog contains the current values or settings of the attributes of that object.Change the attributes you would like to alter.双击对象,打开这种类型的对象属性对话框In the dialog shown above we are going to change all the data net labels from D1,D2, etc to Data1,Data2,and so on.As this is a string substitution we do not need to change anything in the Current Attributes.我们想把D1,D2改成Data1,Data2.其他不变Attributes to Match ByAfter changing the attributes press the Global button.The dialog will expand to look like the one shown in the picture above.In the center of the dialog there be a column titled Attributes To Match By.In the Attributes To Match By column you define how to identify the other objects that this change is to apply to.符合这个特征的将会被修改The choice field has three options:Same(apply global changes if this object attribute is matched in the target object);Different(apply global changes if this attribute is not a match in the target object)and Any(the default)which applies the change irrespective of whether the attribute has the same value in both objects.Same 相同属性 全局修改应用于与选定对象具有相同属性的对象Different 不同属性全局修改应用于与选定对象具有不同属性的对象Any 任意属性全局修改应用于所有对象If the Match By attributes are all set to any and the text fields contain the wildcard symbol(*),then the global change will apply to all objects of this type. Use combinations of Match By attributes to define a particular set of objects to apply the change to.For this example we set the Net Label to D*,to target all net labels starting with the letter“D”.D*,D开头的所有网络标号Copy AttributesThe third column in the dialog is titled Copy Attributes.对话框的第三列名字是Copy AttributesIn this column you specify which of the attributes you want to copy the changes to,and if the attribute has a text field what new text value to copy to all matched objects.在此栏中进行要复制属性的选择,In the dialog shown we enter the string substitution that we wish to performD=Data.The syntax of String Substitution is:If you wish to replace the entire contents of this field with a new value,remove the braces,“”and“”and enter the new value.整个全换,直接输入Data,则所有的D*变成DataThe braces are used when you wish to perform selective string substitutions,using the syntaxoldtext=newtext.This means you can change a portion of the stringoldtext tonewtext.In the example shown earlier in this section we changed the letter“D” for the string“Data”.旧文本=新文本Eample 5-1 利用全局编辑功能修改图件属性.avi 3:10节点大小和封装5.5 Aligning Objects 排列和对齐You can align a group of selected objects on both axes,by choosing Edit-Align-Align.Horizontal 水平的Vertical 垂直的Notes on Aligning Objectsl Ensure that only the required objects are selectedfirst clear the current selection (shortcut:x,a).确保只有你需要的对象被选中了.首先清楚所有被选对象(shortcut:x,a).l Select all the items to be aligned.你要对齐的都要选中不要多选,不要少选l Use the Edit-Align-Align menu item to pop the dialog if you want to align both horizontally and vertically,for one direction you can just pick the required option.两个方向都变,选这个对话框,只变一个方向的,对应的选就是l Use the Move primitives to Grid option to constrain alignment to the nearest grid point.复选框,排列最整齐l If you are not happy with the alignment use Edit-Undo to remove the change.撤销5.6 Assigning and Re-assigning Designators 重新编号All parts in your design must have a unique component designator.The process of re-assigning designators in your design is called annotation.This can be done at any stagein the design process,and would typically be done when the design is complete.Select Tools-Annotate to reassign the schematic designators.Here you can annotate:每个组件都有一个元器件序号,重新编号的过程叫做annotation(注释),任何时候都可以做,一般是在最后做All PartsReassign the designators for all parts in the project.This option does not re-use any currently assigned designators.所有组件重新编号,但是已经编好的编号不会再用?PartsAssign a designator to all parts which currently have a designator of R?,C?,U?,etc.编?组件Reset Designatorssets all designators back to R?,C?,U?and so on.Use this if you wish to renumber all components,starting at 1.把所有的都设为?先Reset Designators复位,然后编所有组件的号.Example 5-2 元器件自动编号.avi 3:165.7 Schematic Design VerificationThe Schematic Editor includes a tool specifically for Design verification,the Electrical Rule Checker(ERC).This process examines the schematic for both electrical inconsistencies,such as an output pin connected to an output pin,and drafting inconsistencies,such as unconnected net labels or duplicate designators.编辑器包括一个特殊的工具来进行最后的确认, Erc. 输出连输出,或是没有连接的网络标号,或是两个元器件序号相同Select the Tools-ERC menu item to pop up the Setup Electrical Rule Check dialog. This is used to set-up and execute the Electrical Rule Check.Running the ERC produces two results.First,a text report is generated,listing the electrical and logical violations either for the active sheet,or the entire project.Secondly,error markers are placed on the sheets at the site of each ERC violation as an aid in tracking and correcting reported problems.Tools-ERC打开电气检查对话框.两个结果,一个报告,另外有问题的地方都会有个ERC符号,你好去改5.7.1 Marking Points That You Do Not Want Flagged as ErrorsThere may be points in the design which you know will be flagged as ERC errors or warnings,which you do not want to be flagged.To suppress these,place a No ERC directive at each point(Place-Directive-No ERC).不想让它检查的No ERC,工具栏中有.5.7.2 Verification OptionsA wide variety of basic electrical errors are reported.For example,floating input pins on parts and shorts between two differently named power nets.输入脚悬空,两个不同名字网络名的电源短路.5.7.3 Error Report FormatThe error report includes information to identify which sheet the error or warning occurred on,and the location on the sheet.Where appropriate there will also be net identifier and component designator information.错误报告5.7.4 Resolving ErrorsThe Schematic Editor includes features to assist in the process of resolving the errors and warnings detected by the Electrical Rule Check.原理图编辑可以帮助你来解决这些检查出来的错误.Using the Browser to Jump to ErrorsThe lower half of the Schematic Editor panel includes a Browser.This browser can be used to browse through your project for any type of primitive,including error markers.Browse选择primitive, 里面有error markersIn the Browser,set the Browse type to Error Markers. Select an error in the list and press the Jump button to have the error marker presented in the center of the active window.Jump跳到对应的错误Note that a description of the error condition appears on the Status Line,alleviating the need to switch back and forth to the error report.Pressing the Text button in the Component Browser will pop up a dialog which can also be used to examine the description of the error condition.Text按钮查错误描述Typical Causes of Errorsl drafting errors-wires overlapping pins,lines being used instead of wires,the design being wired with the snap grid off so the wire ends dont touch the pin ends or wires/buses finishing under a port instead of touching the end of the port.连线错误- 线重叠; 没用电气线,捕捉栅格关掉了,线没连上或线在port下面l syntax errors-net identifiers with spelling mistakes or buses incorrectly labeled.语法错误,网络标号名字大错l component errors-component pins placed the wrong way around on the component or pins with an inappropriate Electrical Type.元器件错误,管脚放反(库中会讲),输入脚悬空,l design errors-a design condition that the ERC detects as an error,such as two output pins connected.两个输出脚相连
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