电大《人口社会学》 形成性作业1参考答案.doc

电大人口社会学 形成性作业1参考答案作 业一、单项选择题。本大题共20个小题，每小题 2.0 分，共40.0分。在每小题给出的选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。1. （ ）是社会学的一门分支领域，是一门用社会学的概念、理论和方法分析人口社会问题的学科。 A. 人口学B. 人类学 C. 人口社会学D. 社会学2. 人类个体的出生、成长、繁殖、衰老和死亡的生命历程有着重要的生物学规律，可以用人口的数量、质量、性别结构、年龄结构等参数表示，这种属性称为（ ） A. 人口的社会属性B. 人口的阶级属性 C. 人口的自然属性D. 人口的动态属性3. 下列选项中，不属于人口过程的是（ ）。 A. 生育过程B. 衰老过程C. 死亡过程 D. 迁移过程4. 人口结构可以分为人口的自然结构、人口的社会结构和人口的（ ）。 A. 性别结构B. 阶级结构 C. 年龄结构 D. 空间结构5. 1798年，托马斯.罗伯特.马尔萨斯发表了著名的（ ），奠定了人口理论的基础。 A. 人口原理B. 法C. 神学大全 D. 国富论6. 在马尔萨斯的人口理论中，提出了两种减少人口的途径，其中，通过限制出生人数而控制人口增长的抑制力量成为（ ）A. 积极抑制B. 预防性抑制 C. 道德抑制 D. 补充抑制7. 1957年，现代人口思想家马寅初先生在他的著作（ ）里面明确地把中国的人口增长与工业化进程联系在一起，并在此基础上提出了控制人口增长的思想。A. 新人口论B. 人口论C. 户口人丁论 D. 生计篇 8. （ ）是指一年内每1000名育龄妇女（1549岁）所生育的孩子数，反映了育龄妇女的综合生育水平。A. 粗出生率 B. 总和生育率 C. 一般生育率 D. 年龄别生育率9. 婚姻制度属于生育制度中的（ ）。A. 生育的物质设备 B. 生育的文化设备C. 生育观念D. 生育规范10. （ ）的生育模式是一种以死亡率为导向的多育模式。 A. 传统农业社会B. 工业社会C. 未来社会D. 原始社会11. 下列选项中，不属于生育意愿的是（ ）。 A. 生育目的B. 生育数量的看法C. 生育成本的预算D. 有关子女的看法12. （ ）是指一定地区在特定的时期（一般为一年内）每1000人口中的死亡人数，反映了该地区的总体死亡水平。A. 死因死亡率B. 婴儿死亡率C. 标准化死亡率 D. 粗死亡率13. （ ）的死亡模式以低死亡率、较高的预期寿命为特点。A. 传统农业社会B. 现代工业社会 C. 未来社会D. 原始社会14. 下列选项中，不属于人的社会指标的是（ ）。A. 经济收入B. 教育水平C. 种族 D. 婚姻状况15. 下列选项中，不属于按照M.韦伯的社会分层标准而划分出的最基本和可测量的阶层指标是（ ）。A. 职业 B. 婚姻状况C. 文化水平 D. 收入状况16. （ ）是指某一地区一定时间（通常为一年）内每1000人口中迁入与迁出该地区的人数之差。A. 迁入率B. 迁出率 C. 总迁移率D. 净迁移率17. （ ）的人口迁移在迁移动机、规模和方向上更加复杂地与世界经济格局和政治格局的变化联系在一起，具有明显的结构性特征。A. 早期生存型B. 早期资本主义发展型C. 传统农业社会 D. 当代社会18. 下列选项中，不属于人口再生产的模式的是（ ）。 A. 原始传统型人口再生产模式B. 过渡型人口再生产模式C. 现代型人口再生产模式D. 未来型人口再生产模式19. （ ）是一定时点、一定地区各年龄组人口在全体人口中的比重。A. 平均年龄B. 年龄中位数 C. 人口年龄结构D. 年龄分组20. 下列选项中，不属于年龄分组的是（ ）。A. 年代学年龄B. 物理学年龄C. 生理学年龄D. 生物学年龄二、多项6.下列选项中，属于测量人口迁移的指标有A.质量B.数量C.时间D.方向7.下列选项中属于过渡型的人口再生产模式的表现形式的有A.出生率高B.死亡率上升C.自然增长率低D.自然增长率较高8.下列选项中属于社会学年龄分组的是A.年代学年龄B.生物学年龄C.义务兵年龄D.育龄妇女9.下列选项中，属于影响人口性别比结构的因素包括A.出生婴儿性别比B.文化因素C.社会经济因素D.政治因素10.下列选项中，属于传统生育意愿的是A.男性偏好B.重视质量 C.重视数量D.一个不少，两个刚好11.生命历程是一个人从出生到死亡的全部过程，下列选项中，属于生命历程的是包括A.生活跨度B.婚姻状况C.同期群D.生命事件12.人口再分布有（）两种类型。A.扩散型B.内聚型C.一次扩散型D.二次扩散型13.马克思和恩格斯提出的两种生产是指A.物质资料生产B.物质资料再生产C.人口的生产D.人口再生产14.最基本的社会分层指标包括A.天赋指标B.社会指标C.智力指标D.技能指标15.当代国际人口迁移的结构性特征表现在（）方面。A.政治B.经济C.精神D.地区15ccbda 610bacaa 1115cdbcc 1620dbdcb2125bd ac ac ad acd 2630bd ad ab bcd ac 3135bd bd ac bd abd 作 业一、单项选择题。本大题共20个小题，每小题 2.0 分，共40.0分。在每小题给出的选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。 （ ）是指一定时点、一定地区男女两性在全体人口中的比重。( C ) 人口的婚姻结构 人口的空间结构 人口的性别结构 人口的年龄结构 下列选项中，不属于社会性别差异的表现形态的是（ ）。 2 ( B ) 观念领域的性别社会差异 物质领域的性别社会差异 私人领域的性别社会差异 社会公共领域的性别社会差异 五分位法是用来测量（ ）。 3 ( A ) 收入 职业声望 社会声望 贫困人口 下列选项中，不属于影响职业结构的人口因素的是（ ）。 4 ( B ) 人口规模 人口收入水平 人口受教育状况 人口迁移和分布 下列选项中，不属于贫困的一种的是（ ）。 5 ( D ) 绝对贫困 相对贫困 主观贫困 客观贫困 从全球范围看，贫困人口具有明显的（ ）特征。 6 ( B ) 开放性 封闭性 二元化 动态性 （ ）是人口再生产的基本单位。 7 ( C ) 家庭 家庭结构 家庭制度 家庭人口要素 （ ） 反映一个家庭中成员的构成及其相互作用、相互影响的状态以及由这种状态形成的相对稳定的关系模式。 8 ( B ) 家庭模式 家庭结构 家庭规模 家庭生命周期 由祖父母、父母和子女组成的家庭是（ ）。 9 ( D ) 核心家庭 主干家庭 破损家庭 联合家庭 （ ）是一定时间内人口在地理空间上的结构。 10 ( B ) 人口性别结构 人口分布 人口年龄结构 人口婚姻结构 下列选项中，不属于城市的共同特征的是 （ ）。 11 ( B ) 具有相对庞大的人口规模 具有大量的从事农业活动的人口 具有大量从事非农业活动的人口 是社会的经济、文化、科技聚集体，也是政治中心 人口增长与社会变迁之间是（ ）的关系。 12 ( C ) 同向变化 反向变化 因果关系 互相促进 下列选项中，不属于人类作为生态系统的一部分的特点的是（ ）。 13 ( D ) 人类是生态系统的后来者 人类是生态系统索取者 人类是生态系统的破坏者 人口是生态系统的基础 可持续发展的核心是（ ）。 14 ( D ) 社会不断进步 生产力不断进步 人口可持续发展 环境可持续发展 （ ）是政府的各种行为，这些行为的目的在于影响人口增减就、过程、规模、结构或分布。 15 ( D ) 人口结构 人口过程 计划生育政策 人口政策 下列选项中，不属于按照人口政策的实施方式的人口政策的种类的是（ ）。 16 ( D ) 直接人口政策 间接人口政策 隐含人口政策 公开人口政策 下列选项中，不属于韦伯的社会分层的标准的是（ ）。 17 ( D ) 经济标准 政治标准 文化标准 社会标准 家庭计划的核心是（ ）。 18 ( C ) 提高人口质量 提高人口数量 节制生育 提高妇女社会地位 计划生育最早由（ ）提出。 19 ( C ) 美国 英国 中国 加拿大 下列选项中，不属于中国的计划生育工作的特点的是（ ）。 20 ( A ) 行为主体是群众 实施了广泛的社会动员 由于人口压力大和行政手段的操作方法，导致了某些地方计划生育干部和群众关系紧张 从单纯的政府控制向经济手段控制转变 二、多项选择题。本大题共6个小题，每小题 5.0 分，共30.0分。在每小题给出的选项中，有一项或多项是符合题目要求的。 从全球看，婚姻结构发生了以下明显变化（ ）。 21 ( BCD ) 婚姻类型标准化 非在婚人口比例增大 非婚生子女增多 离婚率增加 中国的人口婚姻结构具有以下特点（ ）。 22 ( ACD ) 婚姻偏早 婚姻大龄化 婚姻具有普遍性 离婚率较低 存在潜在的婚姻挤压 中国的人口分布具有以下特点（ ）。 23 ( ACD ) 人口密度高 人口分布均衡 人口分布不均衡 城市化水平相对较低 社会变迁包括了（ ）。 24 ( ABC ) 文化变迁 技术变迁 经济变迁 生存环境变迁 中国的可持续发展战略可体现在（ ）。 25 ( ABC ) 实现环境的可持续发展 实现人口与经济的可持续发展 实现长远规划协调各方利益，防止滥用资源 实现长期的计划生育政策 根据人口政策的实施目标，可以把人口政策分为（ ）。 26 ( AB ) 直接政策 间接政策 内部政策 外部政策 三、判断题。本大题共6个小题，每小题 5.0 分，共30.0分。 人口质量是人口素质存量和潜能，同时它也是个历史的概念。 27 (正确) 平均预期寿命能反映一个国家的经济发展水平和医疗保健卫生状况。 28 (错误) 自20世纪50年代以来，中国的家庭结构中，主干家庭的比例大幅度上升。 29 (错误) 发展中国家的人口转变与发达国家时间几乎同步，都是18世纪到19世纪之间。 30 (错误) 贫困人口产生的根本原因是人口增长过快的结果。 31 (错误) 就目前的状况而言，中国的老龄化状况与经济的发展几乎是同步的。 32 (错误请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Shanghais Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the citys history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.Huangpu River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghais other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a commercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the citys history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in peoples living conditions. Where the Bund began In-between the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and criss-cross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire complex of this historical site comprises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a two-storey masonry building on an H-shaped plan in typical English renaissancestyle. The building is designed with a five-arch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf where dinner and afternoonteaare available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees.Yuanmingyuan Road behind the complex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and high-end brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Today, it is a popular location for commercialfashionphoto shoots. New Tianan Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the English countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the concession period but was converted into factory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2007. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filled-in and is now a small garden. Bridge of romance There is perhaps no other place thats more representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot ofmovies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their pre-wedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soon-to-be-wed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect shot.Colorful lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for pre-wedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British company, the 106-meter-long bridge was the first-ever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to complaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffic artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overcome all the twists and turns and its journey will be safe and smooth throughout his or her life. Waibaidu Bridge is always the best option because its the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. Its like a family tradition, says Wang Xuefen, a Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Riverside There is a 5-km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has become a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an overpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3-km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. Jogging on the two sides gives a different feeling because the north side is next to the creek, and the south side is adjacent to the residential highrises, which is like jogging in the jungle, says Xiao Xu, a 27-year-old woman who lives nearby. The riverside used to be completely different. Dozens of textile mills, chemical plants and machine manufacturing factories were set up along the creek in the 1920s. They brought industrialization but also pollution. From the 1930s the creek could no longer be used as a source for tap water, and no living fish or shrimp could be found. Suzhou Creek in my memory is dark and smelly. I used to go to the riverbank to watch the sewage disposal running out from the chemical plants when I was a little girl. We didnt know it was pollution. We thought it was a red waterfall, says Huang Qi, a 57-year-old Shanghai resident. So the residential houses along the creek were unpopular, and only migrants with low incomes would live in that area, she says. However, things have changed. The plants were closed and turned into riverside parks and the apartments in the new highrises, especially those facing the creek, are much sought after. East China University of Political Science and Law This is the famous former Saint Johns University, Chinas first-ever modern institution of higher education established by missionaries from the United States in 1879. The buildings combine Chinese and Western elements. Address: 1575 Wanhangdu Road, Changning district The old residential area After you leave the university from its east gate you will enter a shabby neighborhood that retains its original look. The alleys are narrow and the houses are overcrowded. Some things have not changed for many generations, such as raising chickens at home. Address: West Guangfu Road Moganshan Road This is anartsy street that has become very popular among artists and fashionistas in recent years. Graffiti covers the walls on the winding street, where you can find a cluster of art galleries and creative industry offices. Sihang Warehouse Four banks jointly funded the construction of this warehouse, so it is named sihang, or four banks. The warehouse, built in 1931, was used for the storage of food, first-aid supplies and ammunition during the years of war. The building, which is also a masterpiece left by the Hungarian architect Laszlo Hudec in the 1930s, has been recently transformed into a center of creative industry workshops. Address: 1 Guangfu Road, Zhabei district