电大本科《幼儿游戏与玩具》期末复习资料考试小抄.doc

电大幼儿游戏与玩具期末复习资料小抄一、名词解释1剩余精力说 剩余精力说的代表人物是德国思想家席勒（schiller）和英国社会学家、心理学家斯宾塞（spencer）。他们认为，生物有维护自己生存的能力，身体健康的儿童除了维持正常生活外，还有剩余精力，剩余精力需要发泄，游戏就是一种剩余精力的发泄方式。席勒是在研究美学时，发现愉悦是美学活动和游戏共有的特征而对游戏有所研究。他在审美教育书简中首先提出人和动物有剩余精力，从游戏而得到快乐，并不在乎认识游戏的方法，只不过因为精力的使用和自由。斯宾塞从神经心理学的角度来解释剩余精力：由于神经中心在使用一段时间后就疲劳，需要休息，休息一段时间后，精力就不稳定，超过对各种刺激的反应，因而产生剩余精力。游戏是剩余精力的发泄。剩余精力说的主要观点是：第一，生物体部有维护自己的生存能力，生物体进化得越高级，这种能力越强；第二，儿童除了一般生活活动（吃饭、洗手等）外，不需谋生，所以除了维护正常的生活外，还有剩余精力，同样高等动物除了维持生存所必须消耗的精力之外，也还有剩余精力；第三，儿童和高等动物的剩余精力必须要找到出路消耗、发散出去，否则就像不透气的蒸气锅要发生爆炸，于是就用自然的无目的的活动方式游戏以获得快乐，所以就产生了游戏；第四，游戏就是儿童和高等动物对剩余精力的一种无目的的消耗。而低等动物的精力只能用于保护自己，无剩余精力，所以不存在游戏。因此，他们把人类的活动分成两种：一种是有目的的活动，被称为工作；一种是无目的的活动，被称为游戏即精力发泄。2松弛说松弛说的代表人物是德国学者拉察鲁斯（lazarus）和帕特里克（patrick）。他们认为，游戏不是为了剩余精力的发泄，而是为了精力的恢复，儿童需要用滑稽戏来恢复精力。3前练习说前练习说又称生活预备说，代表人物是德国哲学家格鲁斯（Gross）。他认为，在童年时代就要游戏，游戏提供了儿童准备参加严肃生活的途径，游戏是儿童未来生活最好的预备。4复演说 复演说的代表人物是美国心理学家霍尔（Hall）。他认为，游戏重演了人类进化的过程，重现了人类进化过程中祖先的动作和活动，游戏是人类遗传活动的表现。5自主性体验 游戏之所以有磁铁般的吸引力，源于游戏的自由，这种自由的享有者是幼儿。幼儿自己决定什么时候开始游戏，什么时候结束，玩什么游戏以及怎么玩，和谁玩，等等。谈及游戏，幼儿的心理状态总是放松的，因为他们是游戏的主人，持有这种“权利”所引起的体验就是自主性体验。自主性体验是幼儿游戏性体验的重要成分。6角色扮演 “角色扮演是一种特殊的游戏动作，是指幼儿以自身或他物为媒介对他人或他物的动作、行为、态度进行模仿的动作，也可以说是一种象征性动作。”7象征动作 幼儿在游戏中的动作和生活中的基本动作不同，尽管在表现上类似，但意义却截然不同，比如游戏中幼儿模仿日常活动中拍球的动作，不是真要玩球，而是为了符合游戏的情景，配合游戏的需要。这种动作就是象征动作，即“在表象作用支配下的想象性虚构性动作”。8感觉运动游戏 感觉运动游戏即机能性游戏、练习性游戏、实践性游戏，是儿童最早出现的一种形式，一般存在于从儿童出生到2岁这一阶段。9象征性游戏 象征性游戏是2-7岁学前儿童最典型的游戏形式。象征即用具体的事物表现某种特殊意义，在这一时期，幼儿的象征游戏表现为运用“替代物”，以假想的情景和行动方式将现实生活和自己的愿望反映出来。幼儿在这种游戏中会把一种东西当做另一种东西来使用情景转变， 以物代物、以人代人是象征性游戏的基本构成要素。通过象征性游戏 ，幼儿可以脱离当前对实物的知觉，以象征代替实物并学会用语言符号进行思维，体现着幼儿认知发展的水平。10表演游戏 表演游戏是根据故事、童话、舞蹈等文艺作品的内容，指导幼儿进行扮演的游戏。它需要背诵文学语言，在充分理解的基础上，依据作品情节，分角色表达出人物性格。表演游戏属于一种特殊的角色游戏，很多学者把它归入角色游戏中。它是对童话或故事中成型角色的语言、动作、表情等进行创造性扮演的游戏。11轶事记录法轶事记录。轶事记录是指简短地记录幼儿的游戏或游戏中的偶发事件。这些记录可反映幼儿的游戏技能以及社会性、认知、情感和身体等方面发展的状况。轶事记录可以在观察幼儿游戏的过程中进行；也可以在游戏结束之后进行通过回忆描述游戏过程中发生的事件，这样做的不足之处是有可能遗漏游戏中的重要信息。12交叉式介入法 交叉式介入法是指当幼儿有教师参与的需要或教师认为有指导的必要时，由幼儿邀请教师作为游戏中的某一角色或教师自己扮演一个角色进入幼儿的游戏，通过教师与幼儿角色之间的互动，起到指导幼儿游戏的作用。当幼儿处于主动地位时，教师可扮演配角。13. 专门化玩具 专门化玩具亦称成型玩具，是根据游戏的需要，专门设计制作的玩具，如各种交通工具、炊具、娃娃等。它们可直接充当游戏的成员或设备，有助于幼儿模仿成人的活动，激发幼儿游戏的兴趣和愿望。14. 结构造型玩具 结构造型玩具，如各种积木、积塑、泥、沙、雪等。由于这种玩具的玩法没有定型，幼儿根据自己的想象，可以利用这种玩具建造各种建筑物或者立体形象，对挖掘儿童智能，培养幼儿的创造力、想象力有着重要作用，此外还能提高幼儿动作的协调性和准确性，提高幼儿游戏的兴趣。15. 智力玩具 智力玩具是指用以发展幼儿智力的玩具，包括各种图片、卡片和各种拼、插、套、镶嵌等材料。二、简答题（答出要点即可，不必展开论述。） 1游戏的觉醒理论的主要观点有哪些？游戏的觉醒理论又称内驱力理论。它的代表人物是伯莱因，他认为，觉醒是中枢神经系统的机能状态，环境刺激是觉醒的重要源泉，当机体缺乏刺激时，机体采取游戏的方式来增强刺激，提高觉醒水平，使机体感到舒适。2经典游戏理论有哪些贡献？ 1. 强调游戏的发展是儿童与成人相互作用的结果2. 赋予游戏以更为积极的重要价值3. 对于学前教育实践具有重要影响3简述幼儿游戏的特征。 一、主动性二、虚构性三、兴趣性四、形象性4幼儿游戏的外部条件游戏的外部条件主要指成人为幼儿营造的物质环境及游戏的心理氛围。成人应认识到幼儿对游戏享有自由选择的权利，游戏的难度应与幼儿的能力水平一致，游戏中不以最终结果为目的。5玩具有哪些教育作用？ （一）玩具有利于培养幼儿科学探索的精神（二）玩具有利于培养幼儿审美能力和品德行为（三）玩具有利于幼儿认知能力的发展6简述幼儿游戏的认知分类。 （一）感觉运动游戏感觉运动游戏即机能性游戏、练习性游戏、实践性游戏，是儿童最早出现的一种形式，一般存在于从儿童出生到2岁这一阶段。该游戏的主要表现形式为徒手游戏或重复的操作物体的游戏。（二）象征性游戏象征性游戏是2-7岁学前儿童最典型的游戏形式。象征即用具体的事物表现某种特殊意义，在这一时期，幼儿的象征游戏表现为运用“替代物”，以假想的情景和行动方式将现实生活和自己的愿望反映出来。幼儿在这种游戏中会把一种东西当做另一种东西来使用情景转变，以物代物、以人代人是象征性游戏的基本构成要素。通过象征性游戏，幼儿可以脱离当前对实物的知觉，以象征代替实物并学会用语言符号进行思维，体现着幼儿认知发展的水平。（三）结构游戏（四）规则游戏7.幼儿游戏场地环境创设的原则是什么？要遵循一定的原则。第一，促进幼儿的发展。第二，符合幼儿特点。第三，保证幼儿的安全性。8. 简答教师组织教学游戏时的主要环节。组织这种游戏时，应有以下几个环节。1. 准备游戏经验，投放材料2. 确定游戏活动的规则和方法3. 观察游戏4. 参与游戏，指导游戏5. 评价游戏，分享游戏体验9. 如何保证游戏观察的有效性？ 观察的有效性，首先，教师在观察孩子的游戏过程中，横向面要广泛，要关注班内每一个孩子，知道他们都在哪个游戏主题里玩，玩什么，和谁在一起玩，产生了哪些有价值的游戏情节。其次，从教师观察的纵向说，要有一定的深度， 不要简单地只看到游戏的表面，而应看到孩子出现的游戏行为背后所蕴涵的发展意义。 最后，教师在观察孩子游戏过程中，还需要具备观察的灵敏性，要善于捕捉幼儿在游戏中的兴趣热点和所出现的矛盾焦点。10.简述结构游戏的年龄特征。 幼儿结构游戏的水平往往反映了其智力发展的水平，幼儿在不同的发展阶段会表现出不同的结构游戏水平。（一）小班幼儿结构游戏的年龄特征小班幼儿在开始时通常只是无目的地摆弄结构材料，光拿着玩，还不会搭。小班幼儿玩结构游戏的时间一般是10分钟，在10分钟内幼儿能够维持建构兴趣和游戏乐趣，抑制非游戏行为产生。（二） 中班幼儿结构游戏的年龄特征中班幼儿进行结构游戏的目的比较明确，如果你在幼儿摆弄结构材料时问“你要搭什么”，幼儿一般能够明确地说出他想要搭建的主题。中班幼儿结构游戏的时间一般是20分钟。（三）大班幼儿结构游戏的年龄特征大班幼儿已经基本掌握了结构游戏的技能，以积木游戏为例，大班幼儿能搭复杂的物体或建筑物，能对称或加以装饰。大班幼儿能围绕一个主题进行长时间的结构活动，并且出现多人参与的集体结构游戏。11. 幼儿表演游戏的特点和作用是什么？ （一）幼儿表演游戏的特点1. 游戏性2. 表演性（二）幼儿表演游戏的作用1. 培养幼儿良好的品质2. 培养幼儿良好的行为方式3. 有利于发展幼儿的语言能力，激发幼儿对文学艺术的兴趣12. 如何对班级的玩教具进行管理？1. 建立玩教具使用的常规2. 合理放置，便于幼儿取放3. 定期清洗、检修玩教具4. 根据需要，及时增减玩具三、论述题（结合实际进行具体论述。） 1论述社会文化历史学派游戏理论的主要观点、贡献与局限性。 1主要观点 （1）剩余精力说。代表人物是席勒与斯宾塞。主要观点是：生物都有维持自己生存的能力，身体健康的儿童除了维持正常生活外，还有剩余精力，剩余精力需要发泄，而游戏就是一种剩余精力的发泄方式。（2）松弛说。代表人物是拉察鲁斯和帕特里克。主要观点是：游戏不是为了剩余精力的发泄，而是为了精力的恢复，儿童需要用游戏来恢复精力。（3）前练习说，又称生活预备说。代表人物是格鲁斯。主要观点是：在童年时代就要游戏，游戏提供了儿童准备参加严肃生活的途径，游戏是儿童未来生活最好的预备。（4）复演说。代表人物是霍尔。主要观点是：游戏重演了人类进化的过程，重现了人类进化过程中祖先的动作和活动，游戏是人类遗传活动的表现。2评价贡献与局限性（1）贡献：在人类思想史上，第一次严肃地思考并解释了儿童游戏的原因与意义；从儿童生理的不同侧面对儿童游戏的原因与意义进行解释；从人的一般本性和共性的角度对儿童游戏的原因与意义进行解释；基本上肯定了游戏是儿童的一种重要活动，是儿童心理发展的重要力量。（2）局限性：受生物进化论的影响从本能的生物性角度解释游戏；以工作作为游戏的对立面解释游戏；主要是主管思辨的产物，缺乏科学的实验基础。2举例论述游戏对幼儿社会性发展的促进作用。 游戏有助于促进幼儿社会性的发展。首先，游戏反映幼儿周围的现实生活，有助于幼儿的自我意识发展。幼儿在游戏中担当角色，体验现实生活中角色的感受，进而内化为自己的体验，加深对自己现实角色的理解，学会发现自我，发现自我与他人的差别。游戏让幼儿学会改变自己看问题的角度，逐渐克服“自我中心化”的观点和思维的片面性。 其次，游戏有助于幼儿对社会角色的学习，发展社会交往能力。幼儿在游戏中既能利用假想情境自由地从事自己的活动，如过家家、打针等，又不受现实生活条件的制约；既能充分展开理想的翅膀，又能再现和体验成人生活的感受及人际关系。通过扮演成人角色，对成人行为态度进行模仿，幼儿在思想上了解了自己和自己同性别成人角色的关系，逐渐形成了性别角色的社会化。最后，游戏有助于幼儿形成良好的道德品质。游戏的规则是一种无形的约束力，有利于培养幼儿的自觉纪律。利用游戏的方式能够培养和巩固良好的 道德品质，提高道德的实效，促进幼儿形成良好的个性品质。通过游戏，促进幼儿主动学习道德知识，发展道德思维，促进道德认知的发展。通过游戏，寓教于乐，培养幼儿积极、肯定性的道德情感。通过游戏，磨练意志，培养幼儿良好的道德意志和品质。通过游戏，知行合一，培养幼儿良好的道德行为和习惯。3试论述如何在幼儿园中体现以游戏为基本活动。 以游戏为基本活动的含义是：除满足基本生存需要的活动之外，发生次数最多和所占时间最多的活动；对儿童的生活或生长发展有重要影响的活动。在幼儿园的生活活动中，要用贴近幼儿生活的、满足幼儿身心发展水平的方法来组织活动，让幼儿每天都有愉快的情绪体验。教师要以多种形式的游戏充实幼儿园的一日生活，尽量减少不必要的集体行动和过渡环节，减少和消除消极等待的现象。在幼儿园的教学活动中，应尽可能将教学活动游戏化，模糊教学与游戏的界限。游戏化的教学活动的组织关键是让幼儿体会到游戏的兴趣性，体会到成就感，从而能积极主动地参与教学活动。在游戏活动中，应保证幼儿每天有适当的自主选择和自由活动的时间，提供必要的游戏条件，教师要成为幼儿活动的支持者、合作者、引导者，关注幼儿的表现和反应，形成合作式的师幼互动。4举例说明本体性游戏和工具性游戏在幼儿园教育中具有什么作用？ 根据游戏与教育教学任务或目的的结合程度的不同，游戏可以分为本体性游戏和工具性游戏。本体性游戏也称目的性游戏，是指幼儿进行自主、自发表现的游戏，游戏目的在于游戏本身，强调游戏本身的内在价值和游戏的自发性。这种游戏强调幼儿可以主动支配行为和自由参加游戏，它反映着幼儿发展的水平和兴趣爱好，角色游戏、表演游戏和结构游戏都属于此类游戏。工具性游戏也称手段性游戏，是教师为实现特定的教育目的而组织的活动，以游戏为教育手段，通过游戏让幼儿掌握大纲要求学习的知识和技能，促进幼儿按一定方向发展。工具性游戏的直接目的不在于游戏本身，而是在于通过有利于幼儿发展的游戏形式促进教育活动的有效进行和教育目标的顺利实现。这种游戏强调游戏外在的工具价值即教学价值，音乐游戏、体育游戏、智力游戏等都属于此类游戏。这两类游戏在实践中开展时，本体性游戏突出了游戏主体幼儿的自发性，工具性游戏把游戏作为教育教学的手段，教师的控制程度较大。实际上，无论何种形式的 游戏，其目的都指向幼儿的全面发展，其开展既要发挥幼儿的主体能动性，又不能完全放弃教育者指导作用的发挥。四、案例分析题 根据游戏的观察原则与指导方法，分析案例中该教师的指导行为与时机是否正确，并给出你的建议。 案例：大班游戏：“飞机场” 地面监控台的“播音员”开始播音:“MF8417飞往海南的航班准备好了吗?”播音过程伴随着笑声，又由于孩子本身发音较为含糊，再加上麦克风的扩音效果，整个游戏区显得异常嘈杂。紧接着又开始播:“MF0188飞往北京的航班准备好了吗?”由于两个航班摆放在同一个区域，加上整个游戏区原先就较为嘈杂，对于“播音员”口齿不清的通知确实是听不清楚。 十五分钟过去了，前往海南的候机“乘客”还没有等到登机的通知，孩子们开始显得不耐烦了。这时候教师以乘客的身份介入了，教师手拿着机票很不耐烦地说道:“你们这航空公司也太不准时了，怎么到现在还不起飞，我可是要去谈生意的，迟到了你们要负责的。”监控台幼儿连忙通知道:“飞往海南的航班准备起飞。”老师又问道:“什么时候可以登机？”这时“播音员”又开始通知:“飞机马上就要起飞，请乘客们在2号登机口登机。”下面的乘客立刻为“播音员”纠正过来:“不是2号登机口，是1号登机口。”“播音员”连忙改正过来。“乘客们”开始伴随着音乐陆陆续续登机了。这时，教师就离开了。 过了一会儿，孩子们登上了飞机，但飞机仍然不起飞，教师就来到孩子旁边一字一句地教孩子通知飞机该起飞了，但由于孩子的声音很模糊，“机长”也是在教师眼神的暗示下起飞了。飞机随着音乐的声音在慢慢地飞行着，这时“机长”突然朝着“空姐”大喊:“赶快把东西收起来，飞机要冲下去了。”“空姐”连忙把东西收起来，这时又听到“机长”喊道:“飞机就要爆炸了，请大家准备跳机。”地面监控台的孩子听到后，就拿起麦克风问到:“MF8417的航班出了什么问题，机长请回答，请回答。”“机长”回答道:“起落架出问题。”监控台发出指示:“紧急迫降。” 紧急迫降成功。“乘客”安全降落。剩下飞往北京的“乘客们”开始向老师抱怨道:“老师，我们都等好久好久了，飞机怎么还不起飞呢?”老师一手拿过麦克风自己充当起了地面监控员，飞机很顺利地起飞了，也很顺利地降落了。 答：老师适时地干预了孩子的自主游戏，纠正了被冷落的那组孩子的混乱游戏，使得这组孩子也对游戏感到满意。达到了游戏的效果。建议老师在游戏开始前先给予“机长”和“地面监控员”更细致的指导，避免游戏出现卡壳。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each others face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationship. During all these years, we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect. And what is the qualification of a good husband? Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue. And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook. But to my surprise, my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money. What made her think so was quite beyond me. Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I want is just simple life style. The most enjoyable thing is that we go to the market to buy vegetables and other daily stuffs if we both have time. Maybe he is a housebound husband and I love housebound man. And there is another reason why We love going to the market. That is because we sometimes will get some surprises. The surprise is saving little fish which are disserted by the fish mongers. Because these fish are swellfish. Then we will collect them and set them free into the river. Swellfish are lovely creature. When they look like a little submarine when they are swimming in the water and look like a meat ball when you hold them in your hand. And if they are scared, they will swell and look like a little ball. Every time we see them swim away and we feel their happiness of returning home and this also make us cherish life. Maybe some will consider these behavior as something childish. Well, that is fine with us. We love doing these together and feel happy that is what it is all about. My dear hubby is a kind hearted man and he love animals just as I do. I am lucky to have someone who can be both my intimated soul ma