中考英语阅读理解(教师版).doc

环球雅思教育铜陵校区学科讲义 副校长/组长签字： 签字日期： 学 员 姓 名 ： 年 级 ： 辅 导 科 目 ： 学 科 教 师 ： 上 课 次 数 ：课 题课 型 预习课 同步课 复习课 习题课授课日期及时段年 月 日 教 学 目 的重 难 点教 学 内 容中考英语阅读理解技巧一、中考英语阅读理解题主要有以下几种类型: 1.主旨题 主旨题所提问题主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要内容、标题、作者的态度、目的、文章的语气等。 我们首先要找出文章的主题句，我们通常可以在以下几个地方找到： (1)位于一段开头的段首句，演绎型文章的主题句通常能在段落的起始部分找到； (2)位于一段结尾的段末句，归纳型文章的主题句通常能在段落的终结部分找到； (3)若既不在段首，也不在段末，我们就应细心地在这段的中心部分去寻找； (4)有的主题句通过某种表达方式或修辞手段委婉、含蓄地提出来，这称为暗示句。这种暗示句通常难度较大，它可能不是一句完整的话而仅是一个词语，也可能是通过一些具有感情色彩的词语来表达的，还可能是通过字里行间来表达的。 主旨句的提问形式主要有： (1)The main idea of the passage is ( 2 ) What s the main idea of the passage? (3)Which is the best title for the passage? 2.细节题 在做阅读理解题时，除了首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意外，还必须弄清楚文中的一些重要细节或事实。细节题在阅读理解部分占相当大一部分，涉及的内容很广，如时间、地点、人物、数字、原因、结果、文字结构等。 细节题的提问形式常见的有: (1) According to the passage, when/where/what / who/how/why? (2) Which of the following statements is TRUE? (3)According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT 3.指代题 指代题是阅读理解部分常见的一个测试项目，主要用来测试考生对文章中出现的熟悉或不熟悉的词或词组的意义的理解能力。 当遇到不认识的而又是要测试的生词时，要通过上下文去进行猜测。注意与这个词紧密相连的前后几个词语的意思，特别是后面有同位语、破折号或括号时，就更容易猜测了，因为同位语、破折号或括号就是注释。 其次，利用构词法来进行猜测。常用的构词法有派生法，转化法以及合成法。英语中有相当大一部分单词都是由上述三种构词法变来的，这些词的构成一般都有一定的规律，掌握一些常见的规律，对于猜测考试中遇到的生词大有帮助。 指代题的提问形式主要有： (1)The underlined sentence “No one can live a completely isolated life” means _ in this passage. (2)What does the underlined word “raised” mean in News 2? 4.推理题 推理题是阅读理解部分的一项重要内容。这类题要求考生脱离字面理解的局限，透过文章的字里行间，对作者的话进行推理判断，从而获得对文章的深层理解。 推理题的答案往往在文章的字面上不会出现，必须依据已有信息来进行推理，不能脱离原文去主观臆断。因此，在做推理题时，必须从原文里找到推断的依据。推理题的提问形式主要有： （1）We can learn from this passage that （2）We can conclude from the passage that （3）It can be seen from the passage that （4）What is the real meaning of the doctors words? 二、怎样才能提高初中学生的英语阅读理解能力，轻松应对中考呢? 1.大量阅读是提高阅读理解能力的必由之路 大量阅读可以使学过的语言知识得到复习和巩固，使语言能力得到发展和提高。在阅读量小，接触英文材料很少的情况下，所学语言知识就理解不深，掌握不好，且边学边忘，学习效率很低。 2.扩大词汇量是提高阅读理解能力的突破口 一个人掌握的词汇量多少与其语言水平的高低有密切关系。D.A Wilkins说过，“事实上，没有语法不能传达很多东西，而没有词汇就不能传达任何东西。”在阅读过程中，如遇到生词，要尽量利用构词法知识和上下文关系，猜测新词的词义。 3.巩固并加深语法知识 初中学生要熟练掌握大纲、课标中的语法结构表，熟练掌握并运用语法知识。这样不仅有利于提高我们的听、说、写能力，而且有利于提高我们的阅读理解能力。 4.拓宽知识面，增加背景知识中考英语阅读理解部分所选的文章，题材广泛，内容丰富，涉及的背景知识包括人物传记、社会、经济、文化、日常知识、科普知识等。平时要多读这类文章，不断拓宽知识面，丰富背景知识，考试时遇到类似的文章，就会感到比较容易，有利于成绩的提高。 三、掌握各种阅读技巧 在阅读过程中，我们要养成良好的阅读习惯，掌握并运用各种阅读技巧。 1.略读(Skimming) 略读又称大意阅读，就是快速阅读以获取全文的大意，对全文的总的印象以及作者的观点。略读时，只需要读一些选择的句子，以了解文章大意，也可以读如斜体词、划线词，文章的标题或副标题、释义等，无须读每个句子。 2.浏览(Scanning) 浏览是另一种快速阅读方法。我们通常采用浏览的方式以求迅速地查找出某一具体的信息或细节，如时间、日期、号码、人名、事件等。 3.细读(Intensive reading) 细读又称为研读(Study reading )，其主要目的是把握文章的细节。为了透彻领会文章的主旨，必须弄清有助于发展或论证中心思想的重要事实或细节。这些事实或细节能使我们更深刻地领会中心思想。它们可能证明一个论点、表明各种观点之间的某种关系，或者举例以帮助我们更充分地理解文章的主旨。 4.评读(Critical reading) 评读要求我们运用自己的知识、经验、观点对文章的思想内容及写作技巧进行分析和评估。它实际上也是读者的一种再创造的思维过程。 当然，阅读技巧远不止这几种。我们在做阅读理解题时，应根据命题的要求和意图，有针对性地采取这种或那种技巧，以达到既准确又迅速的目的。 总之，阅读理解能力在英语学习过程中起着举足轻重的作用。但冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。学生阅读理解能力的提高，既需要老师科学有效的指导，更要发挥学生的主体作用，掌握阅读的方法与技巧，这样才能提高阅读理解能力，轻松应对中考。实战训练AHave you ever heard of e-books? E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read.How does the e-book work?First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want. There are thousands of books provided by different websites on the Internet. Then download the books you like on to your e-book. You can download about 10 books at a time. Now you can just sit back and enjoy yourself reading.Compared with ordinary books, e-books have many advantages. First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10 books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere. You can renew reading materials in your e-book as many times as you like. With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear. Then you just take your e-books there and download what you want to read. You no longer need to worry about whether your books are over-due or not.根据短文内容，选择可以完成句子的最佳答案。1. E-books are _.A. electronic booksB. no larger than an ordinary book C. very popular in big cityD. A, B and C2. First, you _.A. call up websites on your computer B. read books that you want C. turn on your e-book D. download the books you like3. You can download _ books at a time.A. two B. ten C. twelve D. twenty4. E-books _.A. save space B. save moneyC. look like a pocket radio D. carry it easily 5. There must be an _ in the future.A. e-book B. e-mail C. e-library D. e-houseBEager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a “space place” model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space.Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane. The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip. C-21 would offer tourists a small glimpse of space. The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air. Once released from the carrier, the ships own rocket will send it to a height of over 96 kilometers for three minutes of weightlessness. Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane. The entire flight will only take about an hour.(from www.zkenglish.com)仔细阅读短文，补上每个句子中所缺的词，使句意完整，语句连贯。6. A _ company would give tourists the _ to spend an hour in space.7. About 100 people are _ to spend $100,000 for _ on the C-21 plane.8. Dennis Tito is the first _ _. He have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip in space.9. A _ and two _ will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane.10. C-21 will _ back into the atmosphere and _ like an ordinary plane.COnce a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off. Down came the boy!This is just a story. But it tells us that man has always dreamed of flying. In 1783, this dream came true. Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon. It rose a thousand feet high.It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s. It was a powered balloon.In North Carolina of America, less than twenty-five years later, the Wright Brothers flew the first airplane. This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet.根据短文内容，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。11. Why did the boy come down from the sky? Because _.A. he covered his arms with feathersB. he used wax to keep the feathers on C. he flew too close to the sunD. the wax melted and the feathers came off12. Who invented the hot-air balloon?A. Two French brothers. B. the Wright Brothers. C. Benjamin Franklin. D. Einstein. 13.When was the first airship invented?A. In the late 1900s. B. About 100 years ago. C. A and B. D. Many years ago.14. How about the first airplane? A. The Wright Brothers invented the first airplane. B. It flew less than half a minute and a few feet high. C. This first flight was in 1903. D. It was born in North Carolina of America.【答案与解析】1. D。根据E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read 可知答案为D。2. A。根据First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want可知答案为A。3. B。根据You can download about 10 books at a time(你每次大约能下载10本书)就能确定答案。4. A。根据First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere(首先，电子书节省空间，你能放10本书进入比口袋收音机大不多的一件东西里，且可携带到任何地方去)可确定答案。5. C。根据With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear(随着电子书技术的发展，电子图书馆就会应运而生)就能确定答案。6. Russian, chance。根据Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a “space place” model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space(人类渴望开发太空旅游市场, 一家俄罗斯公司提出一项“太空住所” 样式，将给旅游者提供1小时在太空潇洒的机会)足能敲定要填的词(from www.zkenglish.com)。7. eager, flying。根据Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane (任何能负担得起大约10万美元的人都能体验飞行时之失重状态，约有100人已经预定了飞向太空的C-21 型飞机的座位)足能敲定要填的词。8. space tourist。根据The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip(美国公司帮助第一位太空旅行者丹尼斯提托安全飞行到太空站上，据提托说他付了两千万美元旅行了8天)足能敲定要填的词。9. pilot, passengers。根据The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air(载一个飞行员和两名乘客的太空船安放在一架航空母舰上，一直飞行到17,100米的高度)足能敲定要填的词。10. slide, land。根据Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane(然后C-21就滑回到大气层中，像一架普通飞机着陆到地面上)足能敲定要填的词。11. D。根据 Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off (从前, 一个胳膊上绑着羽毛的男孩想飞向蓝天。他用蜡把羽毛粘在胳膊上，由于飞得离太阳太近，蜡融化了，羽毛脱落了) 显然, 选项A和选项B都不是原因，选项C是原因，选项D才是最佳答案。12. A。根据 Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon(两个法国兄弟发明了热气球)就能确定选项。13. C。根据 It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s可知答案选C。14. B。根据This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet(1903年诞生了第一架飞机，飞行不到半分钟，仅飞了几英尺高)可知答案选B。Unit 1A Often, doctors tell some people to go on diets(节食 ). The doctors hope the diets will make the people feel better. They hope the diets will make the people healthy. Mrs Brown was only 28 years old, but she was on a diet. Mrs Brown was very fat. She was a 168-kilogram heavy woman. Dont eat meat, sweets and cakes, her doctor said to her. Im going to stop her eating them, doctor. her husband said. The next morning, Mrs Brown made a delicious big cake , and cut a very small piece of the cake and ate it. In a few minutes, she finished the cake. My husband is going to be very angry, she said. What am I going to do? She made another cake very quickly, ate half of that , and left half on the table. Her husband came back later. He saw the half of the cake on the table and was very happy.1. The doctor told Mrs Brown not to eat meat and cakes because（ ）. A. Mr Brown liked them B. meat, sweets and cakes would make her fatter C. Mr Brown told him to say so D. meat, sweets and cakes are not good food2. The next morning Mrs Brown made a cake for（ ）. A. her husband B. herseff C. her children D. the doctor3. Which is true?（ ） A. Mr Brown ate half of the cake and left the other haft for his wife. B. Mrs Brown ate half a cake that morning. C. Mrs Brown ate one cake and a half that morning. D. Mrs Brown didnt eat any cakes that morning.4. Mrs Brown made another cake because（ ）. A. she was good at making cakes B. her husband loved cakes C. she wanted to eat some more D. her husband would be angry if he knew she had eaten the cake5. Why was Mr Brown very happy when he saw the half of the cake on the table?（ ） A. Because he was hungry. B. Because cakes were his favourite food and beautiful. C. Because the cake was delicious. D. Because he thought his wife began to stop eating cakes.B When you feel sad, tears will roll down your cheeks(脸颊). When you are happy, especially when you laugh very hard, tears also will roll down your face. But tears have a more important job than showing how you feel. Tears keep your eyes clean and healthy. They washed away dirt(灰尘)and germs(细菌)and other things that get in your eyes. Your eyes also need tears to keep them wet. Your eyes must be wet so that they can move smoothly(光滑地). Your eyes are busy looking here and there all day long. They move quickly from one thing to another. If you didnt have tears,your eyes couldnt move, and soon you would be blind. But where do these tears come from? Under each eyelid ( 眼睑)are tiny sacs (液囊) called tear glands. Thats where tears are made. Every time you blink your eyes, some tears are pushed out of these glands. The tears wash over your eyes and soothe ( 滋润) them. When youre not laughing or crying your tears away ,where do they go? They go away through small holes in your lower eyelid. Some of these holes lead into your nose. Many times when you cry, the tears drip（滴下）down through your nose-and it starts to ran. The drops that fall from your nose are your tears. Maybe you dont like baths, but your eyes cant do without them.1. This story tells us （ ）. A. why people cry people have tears B. why people cry when they are happy C. what makes people sad D. why people cry when they are unhappy2. Tears help you by （ ）. A. filling up your tear glands B. washing your cheeks and nose C. washing things from your eyes D. showing how you feel3. You probably get extra tears in your eyes when（ ）. A. it is dark and rainy. B. it is dusty and windy C. it is hot and damp(潮湿的) D. it is cold4. If your eyes were not wet, you could not （ ）. A. look at things as quickly B. see without your glasses C. show people what you think D. laugh or cry 5. If your eyes need to be soothed, the first thing that must happen is（ ）. A. your nose must start to run B. your eyes must blink to make tears C. your tears must go into small holes in your lower eyelid D. your eyes must open widelyC Mr Turner liked fishing. It was his favourite sport. He often fished for hours without catching anything. But this did not worry him. Some fishmen couldnt catch fish. Sometimes they caught old boots or rubbish. Mr Turner was even worse than the fishermen. He never caught anything-not even old boots. After he spent whole morning on the river, he always went home with an empty bag. You must give up fishing! his friends said, Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one important thing. Im not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all. It can make me forget the noise of the city and live quietly for some time. he always said to himself.1. Mr Turner always went fishing because （ ）. A. he could sell the fish and get some money B. he thought it was a good sport C. he could cook the fish for supper D. he could sit in a boat2. Mr Turner liked to fish （ ）. A. by the river B. in a boat on the river C. in the river D. with the fishermen3.He always went home with an empty bag because （ ）. A. he couldnt fish at all B. there werent any fish in the river C. he gave the fish to the fishermen D. he didnt pay attention to fishing at all4. His friends told him （ ）when they knew he couldnt catch anything. A. to learn how to fish B. to change the way of fishing C. not to fish any more D. to buy fish to eat5. From the story we know Mr Turner（ ）. A. lived in the country B. was a good fisherman C. was interested in fishing D. disliked the noise of the cityD Happiness(幸福) is for everyone. You need to care about(关心) those people who have beautiful houses with large garders and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time. In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations（祝贺）to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy too. All these are your happiness. If you notice them, you can see that happiness is always around you. Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are happy, because you have something else that cant be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have something else that cant be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge (挑战) yourself. So you cant always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转) door. When it closes, it also opens, If you every take chance to get, you can be a happy and lucky person. 1. Happiness is for（ ）. A. those who have large and beautiful house B. those who have cars C. those who have a lot of money D. all people 2. When you do something wrong,（ ）. A. people around you will help you B. you will have no chance to challenge yourself C. your classmates will laugh at you D. you will be happy 3. Which is TRUE according to the passage?（ ） A. When you get success, your friends will be very proud of you. B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes. C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money. D. All the above. 4. Why do we say Happiness is not the same as money? Because（ ）. A. money always brings happiness B. money doesn t always,bring happiness C. everything can be bought with money D. only rich people have happiness 5. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Happiness B. Happy and LuckyC. Do Something Good to Others D. MoneyUnit 2A Frenchman went to a small Italian town and was staying with his wife at the hotel. One night, he went out for a walk alone. It was late and the small street was dark and quiet. Suddenly he felt someone behind him. He turned his head and saw an Italian young man who quickly walked past him. The man was nearly out of sight when the Frenchman suddenly found that his watch was gone. He thought that it must be the Italian who had taken his watch. He decided to follow him and get back the watch. Soon the French caught up with the Italian. Neither of them understood the others language. The Frenchman frightened (威胁) the Italian with his fist (拳头) and pointed at the Italians watch. In the end the Italian gave up his watch to the Frenchman. When he returned to the hotel, the Frenchman told his wife what had happened. He was greatly surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the table. Now he realized(意识到) that by mistake he had robbed（抢劫）the watch and it was the Itali